1、College English Practical Writing - CET-一概略一概略 1. 要求：考生在寫作方面能做筆要求：考生在寫作方面能做筆 記，寫提綱，能就一定的話題或提記，寫提綱，能就一定的話題或提綱在綱在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出不低于分鐘內(nèi)寫出不低于120詞的短詞的短文，另外，考生可以寫短信和便條。文，另外，考生可以寫短信和便條。并且，寫出的文章要內(nèi)容切題，文并且，寫出的文章要內(nèi)容切題，文字照射，表達(dá)正確，語(yǔ)義銜接，無(wú)字照射，表達(dá)正確，語(yǔ)義銜接，無(wú)艱苦言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。艱苦言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。2. CET-4寫作演化與趨勢(shì)寫作演化與趨勢(shì) 二評(píng)分原那么二評(píng)分原那么1. CET-4檢查考生能否到達(dá)檢查考生能

2、否到達(dá)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判級(jí)教學(xué)要求，對(duì)作文的評(píng)判以此要求為準(zhǔn)那么。以此要求為準(zhǔn)那么。 2. CET-4作文題采用總體評(píng)分作文題采用總體評(píng)分(Global Scoring)方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分(Award Scores)，而不是按言，而不是按言語(yǔ)點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。語(yǔ)點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。 3. 該給高分的給高分，該給高分的給高分，包括總分值；該給低分的包括總分值；該給低分的給低分，包括零分。給低分，包括零分。三評(píng)分規(guī)范三評(píng)分規(guī)范 1. 總分值總分值15分。分。 2. 閱卷規(guī)范共分五檔次：閱卷規(guī)范共分

3、五檔次：2分、分、5 分、分、8分、分、11分及分及14分，依作文程分，依作文程度可在本檔次內(nèi)上下浮動(dòng)度可在本檔次內(nèi)上下浮動(dòng)1分。分。3. 細(xì)化評(píng)分規(guī)范：細(xì)化評(píng)分規(guī)范： 2分分 - 條理不清，思緒紊亂，條理不清，思緒紊亂，言語(yǔ)支離破碎或大部分句子均言語(yǔ)支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 5分分 - 根本切題。表達(dá)思想根本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，銜接性差。有較多不清楚，銜接性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。的嚴(yán)重言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。 8分分 - 根本切題。有些地方表達(dá)根本切題。有些地方表達(dá)不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)銜接；言語(yǔ)不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)銜接；言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)

4、誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤。 11分分- 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字銜接，但有少量言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。字銜接，但有少量言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤。 14分分- 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字照射，銜接性好，根本上無(wú)言字照射，銜接性好，根本上無(wú)言語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。4. 字?jǐn)?shù)缺乏酌情扣分字?jǐn)?shù)缺乏酌情扣分累累計(jì)計(jì)字字?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-59低低于于49扣扣分分12345679四題型把握四題型把握 1命題范圍命題范圍 1學(xué)習(xí)與校園生活學(xué)習(xí)與校園生活 2社會(huì)開展變化社會(huì)開展變化 3常識(shí)、格言常識(shí)、格言

5、() 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)2. 命題體裁命題體裁 1論說(shuō)文論說(shuō)文 2記敘文記敘文 3圖表作文圖表作文 4運(yùn)用文運(yùn)用文3. 作文類型模塊化作文類型模塊化 1對(duì)立觀念型對(duì)立觀念型 2問(wèn)題處理型問(wèn)題處理型 3闡明利弊型闡明利弊型 4論述主題型論述主題型 5圖表八股型圖表八股型 6運(yùn)用直白型運(yùn)用直白型 7夾敘夾議型夾敘夾議型五寫作步驟五寫作步驟1審題審題2構(gòu)思構(gòu)思3選擇適宜框架選擇適宜框架4下筆下筆5檢查修正檢查修正六高分要訣六高分要訣-閃光點(diǎn)的凸現(xiàn)閃光點(diǎn)的凸現(xiàn)句型的運(yùn)用句型的運(yùn)用銜接性的處置銜接性的處置遣詞遣詞干澀、枯燥文句的處置干澀、枯燥文句的處置語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的文句語(yǔ)法規(guī)范的文句 1. 以以there開場(chǎng)

6、的句型開場(chǎng)的句型2. 以數(shù)詞和量詞開場(chǎng)的句型以數(shù)詞和量詞開場(chǎng)的句型3. 以介詞開場(chǎng)的句型以介詞開場(chǎng)的句型4. 以副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)開場(chǎng)的句型以副詞和副詞短語(yǔ)開場(chǎng)的句型句型的運(yùn)用句型的運(yùn)用句型的運(yùn)用句型的運(yùn)用5. 以以although, if, when, while, now that, since 及及as引導(dǎo)的句型引導(dǎo)的句型6. it做方式主語(yǔ)和做方式賓語(yǔ)做方式主語(yǔ)和做方式賓語(yǔ)7. 反問(wèn)句反問(wèn)句8. 非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)9. 倒裝倒裝句型的運(yùn)用句型的運(yùn)用10. The more, the more 11. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣12. 插入插入13. 并列并列14. 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)15. 各種修辭手段

7、各種修辭手段銜接性的處置銜接性的處置舉例舉例as an illustration; to illustrate; namely; as a proof; incidentally; a good case in point; specifically; for instance; for example; such as銜接性的處置銜接性的處置次序次序first(ly); first of all; first and foremost; first of all;in the first place; in the beginning; to start with;to begin with

8、; presently; currently; at present;temporarily; immediately; comparativelyeventually; last but not the least; lately銜接性的處置銜接性的處置緣由緣由for; as; since; now that; on account of; given that; owing to; due to; thanks to;because; because of; in that; considering that; seeing that銜接性的處置銜接性的處置強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)above all; u

9、nderstandably; obviously; as a matter of fact; literally; surely; actually; factually; virtually; truly; theoretically; particularly; in particular; predictably; practically; undoubtedly; 銜接性的處置銜接性的處置增補(bǔ)增補(bǔ)besides; equally important; in addition;furthermore; whats more; moreover;additionally; in other

10、 words; likewise;to put it another way; to repeat;銜接性的處置銜接性的處置對(duì)比或?qū)φ諏?duì)比或?qū)φ誦y contrast; in contrast; conversely; yet; on the other hand; otherwise; whereas;not only, but also; by comparison; in the same way; in the same manner;while; meanwhile; at the same time; instead; on the contrary; similarly; lik

11、ewise; unlike; 銜接性的處置銜接性的處置轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)或退讓轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)或退讓after all; although; but for; though; clearly;in spite of; nevertheless; however; still;except for; on the contrary; or else; in a sense; otherwise; yet; at any rate; in any case; It is true that, but; True that, but銜接性的處置銜接性的處置結(jié)論或結(jié)果結(jié)論或結(jié)果accordingly; as a result;

12、 consequently; in consequence; therefore; in this way;hence; for this(these) reason(s); in short; as has been mentioned/noted/stated above;eventually; in the end; in a word; all in all; 銜接性的處置銜接性的處置結(jié)論或結(jié)果結(jié)論或結(jié)果in brief; in conclusion; to conclude;on the whole; at length; personally; in sum; to sum up;

13、 in summary; briefly; in general; generally; generally speaking; 遣詞遣詞由于由于關(guān)于關(guān)于經(jīng)常經(jīng)常很很;非常非常越來(lái)越越來(lái)越應(yīng)該應(yīng)該當(dāng)前當(dāng)前;如今如今許許多多許許多多大部分大部分一些一些on account of; owing to; in that; seeing thatconcerning; surrounding; regardingfrequently; commonly; normally exceptionally; significantly; extremelyincreasingly; an increasing number ofbe supposed / expected / obliged / to docurrently; presently; at presenta great many; many a; a large number of A vast / An overwhelming majority ofA number of; quite a few; 干澀、枯燥文句的處置干澀、枯燥文句的處置1.句型延伸句型延伸He is a st