1、牛津初中英語牛津初中英語 第二輪復習語法系列講解第二輪復習語法系列講解任務型閱讀技巧與方法任務型閱讀技巧與方法 1、瀏覽文章，掌握大意、瀏覽文章，掌握大意任務型閱讀多為細節題任務型閱讀多為細節題,好的方法是先看問題好的方法是先看問題,然后帶著問題讀文然后帶著問題讀文,把細節把細節畫出來。畫出來。通讀全文，掌握文章大意，了解文章中心思想，確認文章通讀全文，掌握文章大意，了解文章中心思想，確認文章是圍繞什么議題而展開論述的，是圍繞什么議題而展開論述的，特別要注意文章的標題特別要注意文章的標題，標題往往，標題往往是文章的窗口和核心；無標題文章要特別注重文章的首段和尾段，是文章的窗口和核心；無標題文章

2、要特別注重文章的首段和尾段，另外也要留意另外也要留意每一小節首句及尾句每一小節首句及尾句，這些都是文章的基本脈絡和架這些都是文章的基本脈絡和架構，瀏覽時都要予以關注，從而在大腦中呈現整個文章的網絡圖。構，瀏覽時都要予以關注，從而在大腦中呈現整個文章的網絡圖。2、解讀表格，理清思路、解讀表格，理清思路任務型閱讀文后所列圖表往往是由文章主標題，下面是分標題任務型閱讀文后所列圖表往往是由文章主標題，下面是分標題，分標題以下再由其余各類要點構成，分標題以下再由其余各類要點構成“金字塔金字塔”形題型，或由形題型，或由中心論點及分論點構成的表格題型，以及由主標題往外發散的中心論點及分論點構成的表格題型，以

3、及由主標題往外發散的分論點圖表題型等，所以分論點圖表題型等，所以看圖表時，要弄清楚哪一個是文章的看圖表時，要弄清楚哪一個是文章的主標題，哪些是文章的分述部分的內容要點，即段落要點，理主標題，哪些是文章的分述部分的內容要點，即段落要點，理清思路，弄懂作者寫作意圖，從而有助于理解短文，從文中尋清思路，弄懂作者寫作意圖，從而有助于理解短文，從文中尋相關信息點。相關信息點。3、細讀文章，概括信息、細讀文章，概括信息學生在理解了圖表后，必須認真，細致地閱讀文章，歸納出文學生在理解了圖表后，必須認真，細致地閱讀文章，歸納出文章信息。任務型閱讀命題時要求考生要認真閱讀短文，并根據章信息。任務型閱讀命題時要求

4、考生要認真閱讀短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后圖表中的空格處填入最恰當的詞。所讀內容在文章后圖表中的空格處填入最恰當的詞。所以，考所以，考生在填表前要對文章進行細讀，重點是文章中的時間、空間、生在填表前要對文章進行細讀，重點是文章中的時間、空間、出現的人物、發生的事情及地點、作者的觀點、意圖、中心、出現的人物、發生的事情及地點、作者的觀點、意圖、中心、目的、因果關系等，從而理解文章行文邏輯，篇章段落結構，目的、因果關系等，從而理解文章行文邏輯，篇章段落結構，并劃出與圖表內容有關的信息，重點詞、句子等。再根據圖表并劃出與圖表內容有關的信息，重點詞、句子等。再根據圖表內容，判斷信息類別，從文中概括哪些

5、是細節信息，哪些屬于內容，判斷信息類別，從文中概括哪些是細節信息，哪些屬于臆斷信息，為圖表的解決作鋪墊。臆斷信息，為圖表的解決作鋪墊。4、再閱圖表，試填答案再閱圖表，試填答案在解讀圖表，認真閱讀了短文，概括信息的基礎上，在解讀圖表，認真閱讀了短文，概括信息的基礎上，再回到圖表，將文章和再回到圖表，將文章和圖表有機地結合起來，細節題通常在原文中可直接找到答案，做題時可帶圖表有機地結合起來，細節題通常在原文中可直接找到答案，做題時可帶著問題到文中尋找相關詞、句來證明自己的結論；非細節題可到文中找出著問題到文中尋找相關詞、句來證明自己的結論；非細節題可到文中找出與之相關的關鍵句子或段落，通過分析結構

6、進行推理，判斷，從而將大意與之相關的關鍵句子或段落，通過分析結構進行推理，判斷，從而將大意轉換成自己要找的答案，在填詞時，還要注意圖表中要填名詞、代詞、形轉換成自己要找的答案，在填詞時，還要注意圖表中要填名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、還是動詞等；這就要求考生還要分析句子結構，所填詞用來容詞、副詞、還是動詞等；這就要求考生還要分析句子結構，所填詞用來擔當主語、謂語、賓語、定語還是狀語等；同時還要注意形式，名詞是用擔當主語、謂語、賓語、定語還是狀語等；同時還要注意形式，名詞是用單數，還是用復數，動詞是用過去式，過去分詞，三單式還是現在分詞等；單數，還是用復數，動詞是用過去式，過去分詞，三單式還是現在分

7、詞等；有時原文中名詞是復數，但圖表中因空格后的定語從句謂語動詞是第三人有時原文中名詞是復數，但圖表中因空格后的定語從句謂語動詞是第三人稱單數形式，則空格中只能填該名詞單數形式。不管怎樣，做題時，不可稱單數形式，則空格中只能填該名詞單數形式。不管怎樣，做題時，不可脫離文章，不能憑主觀印象答題，否則會斷章取義，錯誤率高，同時要看脫離文章，不能憑主觀印象答題，否則會斷章取義，錯誤率高，同時要看清題目，是否只能填一詞還是多詞，或不允許用原文中的詞，不要因為不清題目，是否只能填一詞還是多詞，或不允許用原文中的詞，不要因為不認真審題，造成不必認真審題，造成不必要的失分。要的失分。 5、復讀原文和圖表，確認

8、答案復讀原文和圖表，確認答案 試填答案后，試填答案后，將圖表結合原文至少再通讀一遍，這一將圖表結合原文至少再通讀一遍，這一步驟不可省略，要進一步查閱人稱和數是否準確，動步驟不可省略，要進一步查閱人稱和數是否準確，動詞時態、語態與該句或文章是否相符等，千萬不可違詞時態、語態與該句或文章是否相符等，千萬不可違背文章或作者本意，在確認所填詞意、句意無誤的基背文章或作者本意，在確認所填詞意、句意無誤的基礎上，再看單詞拼寫，大小寫是否恰當，礎上，再看單詞拼寫，大小寫是否恰當，同時，單詞同時，單詞書寫一定要規范、工整、注意卷面整潔，以保證萬無書寫一定要規范、工整、注意卷面整潔，以保證萬無一失，拿到自己應得

9、的分數。一失，拿到自己應得的分數。 經過長期的、大量的、有效的適應性訓練，任務型閱經過長期的、大量的、有效的適應性訓練，任務型閱讀解題能力一定會有大幅度提高讀解題能力一定會有大幅度提高1.圖表圖表(diagram)2.文段文段(passage)略讀圖表略讀圖表記住閱讀任務記住閱讀任務審清文章結構審清文章結構略讀文段首尾句、段略讀文段首尾句、段帶圖表中任務細讀帶圖表中任務細讀在文段中做標記定位在文段中做標記定位對比文段中標記處和對比文段中標記處和圖表中對應任務圖表中對應任務stepsstepsTitle: 46 to Live a Green LifeWe produce waste every

10、 day and it is 47 to us. We can do something to help.IdeasDos DontsTo 48 Use less * Try to save something.* Dont buy too many things from foreign 49 .To reuseUse 50 * Use things for as long as possible.* Buy things that last long.* Take care of things or 51 the old things.* Dont use 52 cups or bags.

11、To recycleChange things into something 53 *Join in recycling programmes.*Buy 54 made from recycled materials. * Dont 55 things away or burn them. We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to h

12、elp. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life. Remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.474648it does harm to= it is harmful toideas for you to= how to原詞原詞Title: 46 _to Live a Green Lif

13、eWe produce waste every day and it is 47 _ _ to us. We can do something to help.IdeasDos DontsTo 48 Use less * Try to save something.* Dont buy too many things from foreign 49 .To reuseUse 50 * Use things for as long as possible.* Buy things that last long.* Take care of things or 51 the old things.

14、* Dont use 52 cups or bags.To recycleChange things into something 53 *Join in recycling programmes.*Buy 54 made from recycled materials. * Dont 55 things away or burn them.howharmfulreduce Reduce means “use less”. Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the env

15、ironment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.49abroad=foreign countriesTitle: 46 _to Live a Green LifeWe produce waste every d

16、ay and it is 47 _ _ to us. We can do something to help.IdeasDos DontsTo 48 Use less * Try to save something.* Dont buy too many things from foreign 49 .To reuse Use 50 * Use things for as long as possible.* Buy things that last long.* Take care of things or 51 the old things.* Dont use 52 cups or ba

17、gs.To recycleChange things into something 53 *Join in recycling programmes.*Buy 54 made from recycled materials. * Dont 55 things away or burn them.howharmfulreducecountries Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We shou

18、ld take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Dont use a paper cup or a paper bag. Its better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.505152原詞原詞原詞原詞原詞原詞Title: 46 _to Live a Green LifeWe pr

19、oduce waste every day and it is 47 _ _ to us. We can do something to help.IdeasDos DontsTo 48 Use less * Try to save something.* Dont buy too many things from foreign 49 .To reuse Use 50 * Use things for as long as possible.* Buy things that last long.* Take care of things or 51 the old things.* Don

20、t use 52 cups or bags.To recycleChange things into something 53 *Join in recycling programmes.*Buy 54 made from recycled materials. * Dont 55 things away or burn them.howharmfulreducecountriesagainrepairpaper Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change somet

21、hing into something else, its better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.535455原詞原詞原詞原詞throwingthrow詞

22、形變化詞形變化Title: 46 _to Live a Green LifeWe produce waste every day and it is 47 _ _ to us. We can do something to help.IdeasDos DontsTo 48 Use less * Try to save something.* Dont buy too many things from foreign 49 .To reuse Use 50 * Use things for as long as possible.* Buy things that last long.* Tak

23、e care of things or 51 the old things.* Dont use 52 cups or bags.To recycleChange things into something 53 *Join in recycling programmes.*Buy 54 _ _ made from recycled materials. * Dont 55 things away or burn them.howharmfulreducecountriesagainrepairpaperelseproductsthrow信息查找題信息查找題 解題技巧：解題技巧：2.常用方法常

24、用方法: 帶著問題有意識地在關鍵處帶著問題有意識地在關鍵處 做標記。做標記。1.解題關鍵解題關鍵: 根據問題句子查找根據問題句子查找定位定位信息。信息。原詞不變原詞不變 Problems The world is becoming too _The _ around us is worse and worse. In the past, man didnt have to think about the protection of his environment. There were not many people on earth, and natural resources(資源資源)

25、seemed to be unlimited (無限的無限的).But things are different today. The world has become too crowded, and were using up our natural resources too quickly ,and at the same time environment around us is becoming worse and worse.crowdedenvironment 定位查找定位查找 做標記做標記信息轉換題信息轉換題(1).詞性轉換詞性轉換(2).句子結構轉換句子結構轉換(5).另選

26、其它詞來釋義另選其它詞來釋義(3).同義詞和反義詞轉換同義詞和反義詞轉換(4).前綴和后綴轉換前綴和后綴轉換1.解題關鍵解題關鍵: 根據問題查找根據問題查找定位定位信息，加工分析并信息，加工分析并轉換轉換成另一種表達方式。成另一種表達方式。2.常常見見的的 轉轉換換方方式式_DisadvantagesThe city is surrounded by beautiful mountainsThe air in the city center is being polluted 對比對比 反義詞轉換反義詞轉換AdvantagesTitle A guide to e-book writing In

27、formation about e-books You can read them _They become more and more _ An e-book is a book you can read on the Internet. People often read them in their spare time, the popularity(普及普及) of the e-books is growing.onlinepopular劃線定位劃線定位 對比對比 另選其它詞釋義轉換另選其它詞釋義轉換詞性變化轉換詞性變化轉換on the Internet= onlinepopulari

28、ty(名名)popular(形形)同義轉換同義轉換詞形轉換詞形轉換Yuan Longping , “Father ” of hybrid rice, has a childhood dream.He wished to grow a new type of rice .Since the 1960s,he has devoted himself to the development of new varieties(品種品種).He worked so hard that he succeeded in the development of hybrid rice in 1973. Yuan

29、Longping -“Father ” of hybrid rice(雜交水稻雜交水稻)Since the 1960sHe has devoted himself to _ new varietiesIn 1973It was _ of him to succeed in the development of new rice 劃線定位劃線定位 對比對比 句子結構轉換句子結構轉換developinghardworking概括性概括性針對性針對性醒目性醒目性信息歸納題信息歸納題歸納詞歸納詞的特征的特征（在最大程度上覆蓋欄內信息（在最大程度上覆蓋欄內信息)（量體裁衣，大小適度（量體裁衣，大小適度)

30、（簡潔）（簡潔）1.解題關鍵：解題關鍵：根據問題查找根據問題查找定位定位信息，找共信息，找共性的東西。性的東西。2. Statistics (統計統計) about school kids not having breakfastReasons_Suggestions They stay up late at night to study and want to stay in bed for a few more minutes.They cant listen carefully in class.They feel sleepy all day.The morning meal is n

31、ecessary ,for it provides much energy.ResultsTourist _In Beijing, the capitalThe Forbidden CityTiananmen SquareThe Summer PalaceThe Great WallattractionsPlaces of _in Beijing, the capitalinterestFamous _ in Beijing ,the capitalspotsTo help the children return to schoolAim /PurposeIf you continue doi

32、ng like this ,you will get better soon_: A trip to BeijingTitle Conclusionreason (s) cause(s) result effect conclusion advantages disadvantagesway(s) solution(s)常見概括性詞常見概括性詞原因原因方法方法優劣優劣結論結論觀點觀點Idea(s) opinion(s) thoughts結果結果目的目的 aim purpose 建議建議 advice suggestion(s)話題話題topic subject / title60_shows

33、Dont walk in late Dont leave in the middle of a musical or a stage playNever answer your phone 61_ a performance.Dont laugh at the performers 62 _Enter during the 63_ ,if you are late .Wait until a scene is over, if you make an early exitTurn off your mobile phone or set it to silent modeClap your h

34、ands 64_Having meals Dont talk loudly at mealsDont stay too long at your table after mealsPolitely move on to another place.Purpose : To remind people to behave properly before 65_ visitors at the Expo. In the coming summer holidays, you will probably visit the Shanghai Expo. Before you head off to

35、the Expo, please read the following tips so that you behave properly and show off Chinas best face to visitors from other countries. When waiting in a line Wait patiently instead of cutting to the front of the line. If you have to leave your spot in line and want to come back ,tell the people standi

36、ng in front of and behind you .Ask them to kindly hold your spot, and thank them when you return . 實戰演練實戰演練When touring the Expo Dont touch or climb on exhibits. Visitors are allowed to take pictures and videos around the Expo ,but when cameras are not welcome, dont turn yours on. If souvenirs are h

37、anded out ,dont push and scream .Be polite and wait your turn.When attending shows If you are late, wait until the break to enter. It will disturb other audience if you walk in Its very impolite to leave in the middle of a musical or stage play. If an early exit is necessary. You can leave after a s

38、cene is over . Keep quiet during a performance .Before the performance starts, either turn off your mobile phone or set it to silent mode .Never answer your phone while a performance is going on. After an excellent performance ,clap your hands warmly .Dont laugh at the performers when they make mist

39、akes.When having meals Dont talk loudly at meals. With many hungry visitors waiting ,dont stay too long at your table after you have finished. Politely move on another place.文章中文章中cut在在instead of后面，所以用后面，所以用cutting，而圖表中的任務在，而圖表中的任務在Dont之后，之后，所以用所以用 Dont 56_to the front of the line.When waiting in a

40、lineWait patiently instead of cutting to the front of the line.動詞原形動詞原形 cut詞性轉換詞性轉換cut真題解析真題解析文章中句子是文章中句子是when you return，返回，返回用的是用的是return,而圖表中的任務是句子而圖表中的任務是句子after you are _,只能用同義詞組只能用同義詞組be back,所以答案為所以答案為 Thank those for holding your spot after you are 57_Ask them to kindly hold your spot, and t

41、hank them when you return .back同義詞轉換同義詞轉換真題解析真題解析back 真題解析真題解析Dont use your cameras when they are 58_but when cameras are not welcome, dont turn yours on. unwelcome /forbidden 前綴和后綴轉換前綴和后綴轉換文章中句子是兩個字文章中句子是兩個字not welcome,而圖表中而圖表中的任務是一個空格的任務是一個空格,只能用前綴來轉換只能用前綴來轉換,所以答所以答案為案為 unwelcome 或同義詞轉換或同義詞轉換或者或者f

42、orbidden (禁止禁止) 真題解析真題解析Dont push and scream for 59_ souvenirs.If souvenirs are handed out ,dont push and scream .Be polite and wait your turn.free另選其它詞來釋義另選其它詞來釋義文章中文章中“hand out”是是說紀念品被分發時，根說紀念品被分發時，根據常識推理應該是免費分發的紀念品，所以據常識推理應該是免費分發的紀念品，所以答案為答案為free Showing off Chinas best faceOccasions (場合)Donts Do

43、sWaiting in lineDont 56_to the front of the line.Wait patientlyThank those for holding your spot after you are 57_Dont touch or climb on exhibitsDont use your cameras when they are 58_Dont push and scream for 59_ souvenirs.Be polite and wait for your turn.cutbackunwelcome / forbiddenfree 真題解析真題解析60.

44、_shows When attending shows.Attending 查找小標題得知查找小標題得知審視文章結構的小標題審視文章結構的小標題 When attending shows，對照表格結構，此處應該首字母大寫，對照表格結構，此處應該首字母大寫，答案為，答案為Attending 原詞原詞文章中句子是文章中句子是while引導的時間狀語從句，是句引導的時間狀語從句，是句子，而圖表中橫線后是子，而圖表中橫線后是 a performance,顯然要顯然要轉換一個介詞，而且意思為在轉換一個介詞，而且意思為在期間，所以期間，所以答案為答案為 Never answer your phone 61

45、_ a performance.Never answer your phone while a performance is going on. during 同義句轉換同義句轉換 during while a performance is going on=during a performance文章中句子為主從復合句，圖表中句子文章中句子為主從復合句，圖表中句子為一個簡單句，并且根據兩句句意翻譯為一個簡單句，并且根據兩句句意翻譯對比后轉換，答案為對比后轉換，答案為 真題解析真題解析Dont laugh at the performers 62_，Dont laugh at the perf

46、ormers when they make mistakes. mistakes 句子結構轉換句子結構轉換 mistakes 原詞原詞 真題解析真題解析Enter during the 63_ ,if you are late .If you are late, wait until the break to enter. break 定位查找得知定位查找得知在文章中定位查找得知，答案為在文章中定位查找得知，答案為 break 原詞原詞 真題解析真題解析Clap your hands 64_After an excellent performance ,clap your hands warm

47、ly .warmly 定位查找得知定位查找得知在文章中定位查找得知，答案為在文章中定位查找得知，答案為warmly 原詞原詞把文章定位在把文章定位在 visitors from other countries，而圖表中的任務是一個空格而圖表中的任務是一個空格,只能用海外的來釋只能用海外的來釋義轉換義轉換,所以答案為所以答案為 Purpose : To remind people to behave properly before 65_visitors at the Expo.Expo, please read the following tips so that you behave properly and show off Chinas best face to visitors from other countries.foreign或者或者 int