1、 一. 定語(yǔ)從句的根本定義放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 二. 關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：和定語(yǔ)，常用的

2、關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用的關(guān)系副關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，常用的關(guān)系副詞有：詞有：when, where, why三三. 關(guān)系代詞的根本用法和留意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的根本用法和留意點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞的根本用法關(guān)系代詞的根本用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代的先指代的先行詞行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分who人人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人人賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)which物物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物人或物定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) who指人指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作

3、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This record

4、er which he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were

5、 killed in the great earthquake.2. 關(guān)系代詞的用法留意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的用法留意點(diǎn)(1) that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5種情況種情況只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。領(lǐng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如：領(lǐng)先行詞中有人又有物時(shí)。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?領(lǐng)先行詞為不定代詞領(lǐng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等

6、時(shí)。如：等時(shí)。如：This is all that I want from the school.領(lǐng)先行詞被領(lǐng)先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等等修飾時(shí)。如：修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.領(lǐng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：領(lǐng)先行詞被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：The first lesson

7、that I learned will never be forgotten.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用多用who。先行詞為先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時(shí)。如：等時(shí)。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行詞為先行詞為those, he和和people時(shí)。如：時(shí)。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man

8、.(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句留意點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句留意點(diǎn)whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)。詞短語(yǔ)。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這個(gè)音訊。了這個(gè)音訊。whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用of which替代，但語(yǔ)替代，但語(yǔ)序不同，即序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+

9、of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞既可以指人引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用of whom替代，替代，但語(yǔ)序不同，即但語(yǔ)序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名詞

10、。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.(4) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必需與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。如：的人稱和數(shù)必需與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom i

11、s the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.穩(wěn)定

12、練習(xí)：穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：1. 用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daug

13、hter.2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：2. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空四四. 介詞介詞+which/ whom引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 介詞的選

14、用原那么：介詞的選用原那么：根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決議。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決議。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決議。根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決議。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2. 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面

15、時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且關(guān)系代詞不能，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which I was writing .3. 當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句末尾時(shí)，可用當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句末尾時(shí)，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作從句作從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)中介詞的賓語(yǔ).而且作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以而且作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/

16、that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4. 在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：詞之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very h

17、ealthy.5. 先行詞是先行詞是the way，意為，意為“方式，方法時(shí)，引方式，方法時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.that/in whichthat/in which五五. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where和和why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時(shí)間的名詞表時(shí)間的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間

18、狀語(yǔ)where表地點(diǎn)的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why表原因的名詞表原因的名詞原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，時(shí)，先行詞指時(shí)間，when在定在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞。如：詞。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系

19、副詞where時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，時(shí)，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，where在定在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞。如：代詞。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞why時(shí)，先行詞指緣由，時(shí)，先行詞指緣由，why在定語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中作緣由狀語(yǔ)，從句中作緣由狀語(yǔ)，why可換成可換

20、成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why4. 關(guān)系副詞的用法留意點(diǎn)關(guān)系副詞的用法留意點(diǎn)(1)領(lǐng)先行詞為領(lǐng)先行詞為time，表示，表示“次數(shù)時(shí)，運(yùn)用關(guān)次數(shù)時(shí)，運(yùn)用關(guān)系詞系詞that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the pres

21、ident has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)point, situation, case等詞作先行詞表示等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場(chǎng)所等意思時(shí)，其后常由情況，境地，場(chǎng)所等意思時(shí)，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，where在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) is

22、 the place _ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein

23、 whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空對(duì)比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that

24、/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.六六. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的定義非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)展附加闡非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)被修飾部分進(jìn)展附加闡明，假設(shè)去掉，主句的意思依然完好或清楚。明，假設(shè)去掉，主句的意思依然完好或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)它和主句之間

25、的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。隔開(kāi)。My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系非常親密，限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系非常親密，假設(shè)省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之假設(shè)省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句那么間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句那么不然。試比較：不然。試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is

26、 easy to understand.(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞總是一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，普詞，也可以是部分或整個(gè)主句的意思。此時(shí)，普通用關(guān)系代詞通用關(guān)系代詞as或或which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中那么可以。詞，而在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中那么可以。(3)限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句那

27、么不能。限制性定語(yǔ)從句那么不能。(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾的詞。如：時(shí)，介詞前可以有被介詞短語(yǔ)所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as, which引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)as和和which都可指主句的整個(gè)意思，而不是主都可指主句的整個(gè)意思，而不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。句中的某一個(gè)詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主既可在主句前，