1、句子成分和句子成分和簡單句五個句型簡單句五個句型預(yù)備知識點一：詞類概述詞類詞類英語名稱英語名稱作用作用例詞例詞名詞名詞n.表示人或事物的名稱表示人或事物的名稱man,dog, tree, book冠詞冠詞art.用在名詞前，起修飾或限定作用用在名詞前，起修飾或限定作用a, an, the代詞代詞pron.代替名詞或數(shù)詞代替名詞或數(shù)詞I, you, that, this, some, a few數(shù)詞數(shù)詞num.表示數(shù)量或順序表示數(shù)量或順序one, two, first形容詞形容詞adj.修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征red, beautiful, young, old副

2、詞副詞adv.修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞修飾動詞、形容詞或其它副詞very, quickly, often, here動詞動詞v.表動作或狀態(tài)表動作或狀態(tài)walk, run, study, be介詞介詞prep.用在名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞前，表示用在名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞前，表示和句中其它詞的關(guān)系和句中其它詞的關(guān)系in, on, at, behind, from連詞連詞conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句用來連接詞與詞或句與句and, but, if, or感嘆詞感嘆詞interj.表示說話時的感情或口氣表示說話時的感情或口氣oh, hello, hi, er實義動詞后面跟賓語時，這個動詞實義動詞后面跟賓語時

3、，這個動詞是及物動詞。是及物動詞。實義動詞后面不跟賓語時，此時實義動詞后面不跟賓語時，此時這個動詞是不及物動詞。這個動詞是不及物動詞。They study history. The flag rises.注意：英語中一個動詞是及物動詞注意：英語中一個動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，關(guān)鍵是看它用還是不及物動詞，關(guān)鍵是看它用在句中時后面是否跟賓語。在句中時后面是否跟賓語。有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞詞. 1)The door opened. He opened the door. 2)The meeting began at six. We began

4、the meeting at six. 3)The man walked away.(walk不及物不及物)He walked the dog every day.( walk及物動及物動詞詞) 英語中一些詞及物與不及物的劃分可能與漢語不英語中一些詞及物與不及物的劃分可能與漢語不同。同。He listens to the music every day.(listen為不及物為不及物動詞，而漢語中動詞，而漢語中“聽聽”是及物動詞。是及物動詞。)指出下列句中劃線動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞指出下列句中劃線動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，及物填，及物填vt.，不及物填，不及物填vi.1 Most b

5、irds can fly.（ ）2 The children are flying kites in the park. ( )3 It happened yesterday.（ ）4 My watch stopped.（ ）5 The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( )6 She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ）7 Shall I begin at once?（ ）8 She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ）（）（ ）

6、9 When did they leave Beijing?（ ）10 They left last week. （ ）vi.vt.vi.vi.vi.vi.vi.vt.vt.vt.vt.一、句子成分概述：組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語和賓語補足語。和賓語補足語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分主語和謂語是句子的主體部分（在英文中一般的句子必須有主語和謂語）。（在英文中一般的句子必須有主語和謂語）。學(xué)會判斷句子成分對以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。學(xué)會判斷句子成分對以后學(xué)習(xí)

7、難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子英語句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，的基本句型、常見句式和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配，就能寫出完整、正確的句子。就能寫出完整、正確的句子。一）一） 主語：主語： 1)Walls have ears. 2)He will take you to the hospital. 3)Three plus four equals seven. 4)To see is to believe. 5)Smoking is not allowed in public places. 6)Whether or not the

8、y will come depends on the weather.名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式doing動名詞動名詞句子句子二）謂語二）謂語由由_擔(dān)任。擔(dān)任。助動助動詞或情態(tài)動詞詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。 1)Action speaks louder than words. 2)The chance may never come again. 3)Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短語 (2011)He 19_ (prete

9、nd) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.was pretending(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane 40 _ (inform).was informed(2008)Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.results(2012)He suddenly appeared in class on

10、e day, 16 _ (wear) sun glasses.wearing(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.choice1)My father is a professor. 2)Whos that? Its me. 3)Everything here is expensive. lThe match became very exciting. lThe story of my life may be of help to

11、 others.lThree times five is fifteen.lHis plan is to seek work in the city. lMy first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）表語表語 它的位置在它的位置在_之后。之后。是用來說明主語的是用來說明主語的_的的.系動詞系動詞性質(zhì)，性質(zhì)，特征，特征， 狀態(tài)狀態(tài)名詞名詞 n代詞代詞 pron形容詞形容詞 adjadj介詞短語介詞短語數(shù)詞數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子分三類：分三類：（四）賓語（四）賓語 表示動作的對象，是動作的承受者。表示動作的對象，是動作的

12、承受者。賓語一般放在賓語一般放在_之后。之后。_詞后也詞后也會跟賓語。會跟賓語。1)She covered her face with her hands.2)We havent seen her for a long time. 3)Do you mind opening the window? 4) Give me four please. 5)He wants to dream a nice dream. 6)We need know what others are doing. 7) We should care more about our friends. 動詞動詞/動詞短語動詞短

13、語介詞介詞 n動名詞動名詞代詞和數(shù)詞代詞和數(shù)詞to do不定式不定式句子句子n.（五）定語（五）定語 是修飾是修飾_詞詞.單詞作定語時通常放在它所修單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之飾的名詞之_；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之的名詞之_。1)They are women workers. 2)Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. 3)Mary is a beautiful girl.4)The play has three acts. 5)This is her first trip

14、to Europe. 6)China is a developing country. 7)I have nothing to eat. 8)Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 名詞名詞名詞所有格名詞所有格形容詞形容詞 adj數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞 /序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 /介介詞短語詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingto do 不定式不定式從句從句六）狀語六）狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞等的，用來修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞等的，表示事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、表示事情發(fā)生的時間、地

15、點、原因、結(jié)果、程度等等程度等等。 1)The best fish swim near the bottom. 2)I left the village five years ago. 3)I arrived late because of the traffic jam .4)Well send a car to fetch you. 5)The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.6)The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.7)If h

16、e goes, so will I . 8)Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 地點狀語地點狀語時間狀語時間狀語原因狀語原因狀語目的狀語目的狀語結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語條件狀語條件狀語讓步狀語讓步狀語七）賓語補足語。七）賓語補足語。英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之英語有些及物動詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。外，還要加上賓語補足語，才能使句子的意義完整。1)They elected me captain of the team. 2)We try to make our country strong. 3)We f

17、ound everything in good order there. 4)I should advise you to get the chance. 5)I saw him going upstairs. 6)They found the house broken in.名詞名詞形容詞形容詞介詞短語介詞短語to do 不定式不定式現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 doingdone 過去分詞過去分詞（二）練習(xí)說出下列劃線部分單詞或詞組在句子說出下列劃線部分單詞或詞組在句子中各充當(dāng)什么成分中各充當(dāng)什么成分 I dont like the picture on the wall. My brother ha

18、snt done his homework. It is a great pleasure to talk with you .主主謂語謂語賓語賓語定語定語主語主語謂語謂語主主定語定語賓語賓語表語表語4.He broke a piece of glass. 5.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 謂語謂語謂語謂語主主主主賓語賓語狀語狀語定語定語辨別下列紅色體動詞后是賓語還是表辨別下列紅色體動詞后是賓語還是表語。語。1)The door stays open at night.2)He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.3)What he said proved true.4)He cant proved his theory.二二.五種簡單基本句型五種簡單基本句型結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)構(gòu)例例 句句主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞(主主+謂謂