1、 高中英語八大時態全套精講英語共有十六種時態，其表現形式如下(以study為例)：時態 一般時進行時完成時完成進行時 現在studybe studyinghave studiedhave been studying過去studiedbe studyinghad studiedhad been studying將來will studywill be studyingwill have studiedwill have been studying過去將來would studywould be studyingwould have studiedwould have been studyi

2、ng.1 一般現在時的用法1) 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。 注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。例：Columb

3、us proved that the earth is round.4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進

4、行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現在時。二. 構成及變化1、be動詞的變化肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。 如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike?2、行為動詞的變化當主語為第一，二人稱及復數時，助動詞為do肯定句：主語+動詞原形(+其它)。如：We ofte

5、n play basketball after school.否定句：主語+ don't+動詞原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑問句：Do +主語+動詞原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句?如： What do you often do after school ?當主語為第三人稱單數時 ,助動詞為does肯定句：主語+動詞三單式(+其它)。如：

6、He swims well.否定句：主語+ doesnt+動詞原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑問句：Does +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句?如： How does your father go to work?三、第三人稱單數的動詞變化規則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動詞才用三單式)(1)多數動詞直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)結尾是

7、s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母,結尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)動詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es:studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says2 一般過去時的用法 1）在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。時間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)l

8、ast night (week, month, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。 Where did you go just now?2) 表示過去習慣性動作。特別是由would/ used to do表達的句型，本身表示的就是過去時。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人過去常常坐在寧靜的

9、公園里的一條長椅上，看著其他的人，一坐就是數個小時，什么也不干，也不和任何人交談。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。）3) 有時可代替一般現在時，表達一種婉轉、客氣、禮貌、商量的語氣。情態動詞 could, would.例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借車用一用，可以嗎？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在這里嗎？）典型例題- Your phone number again? I _ quite

10、catch it.- It's 69568442. A. didn'tB. couldn'tC. don'tD. can't答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看 出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去，因此應用過去時。二、構成及變化1. Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：am 和is在一般過去時中變為was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般過去時中變為were。(were not=werent)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were

11、調到句首。2.行為動詞在一般過去時中的變化：肯定句 ： 主語 + 動詞的過去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主語+ didnt + 動詞原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑問句：Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ 以did 開頭的一般疑問句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?3、現在進行時( be doing)一、意義當表示現在正在進行的

12、動作或正在發生的事。時間標志now，句前的look ,listen二、構成:be (am, is ,are )+動詞現在分詞-ing形式肯定句： 主語 + be + 現在分詞V-ing (+ 其他)Im doing my homework now .否定句：主語+be+not+動詞-ing +其他.Im not doing my homework now.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞-ing+其他?What are you

13、 doing now ?三、現在分詞的構成：(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,(2)以不發音字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have havingride riding come coming(3)以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞，中間只有一個元音字母，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting

14、 letting四、現在進行時的基本用法：a. 表示現在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態。)C. 表示計劃或安排好了的將來動作，常與一個表示將來的時間狀語連用 Mike is coming home on Thursday. 邁克星期四回來d. 與always, constantly, forever,often 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話

15、人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.典型例題 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't findC. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found. 4 過去進行時(was/were doing) 1）概念：過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動

16、作2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景；一個長動作發生的時候，另一個短動作發生。3) 常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例題1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.

17、 made B. is making C. was making D. makes2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell一、過去進行時結構：was/were + 動詞的現在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. He was not reading a book at

18、 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.)What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、過去進行時用法：1. 過去進行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。如： （just）then 那時，當時 at this/that time 在這/那時 yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九點 last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天這個時候 但在不少情

19、況下，沒有表示時間的狀語，這時需要通過上下文來表示。 What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九點的時候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看電視。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。2.過去進行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內正在進行的動作。常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時間狀

20、語連用。（1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學教書。（2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那幾天他正在寫一本書3.過去進行時與頻度副詞always forever， continually， constantly等連用時表示過去經常反復的動作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚或喜愛等情緒。 My sister was always forgetting

21、 things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others. (表示贊揚)4. 過去進行時表示過去將要發生的動作。現在進行時可以表示將來的動作，同樣，過去進行時也可以表示從過去某時看來將要發生的動作，常用在間接引語中。 She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她問他午飯是否準備回來吃。5、過去進行時和一般過去時的區別。（1）過去進行時表示過去某時正在進行的動作，而一般過去時則表示一個完成的動作。也就是說用一般過去時，只表示有過這件事；用過去進行時，則強調動作的連續性。 I wrote a letter this

22、morning. 今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了）I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完）(2) 表示過去的狀態、感覺及心理活動的靜態動詞(如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice)可用于一般過去時，但通常不用于進行時。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說話時口里含著食物。(3) 一般過去時與always， constantly， foreve

23、r， continually等連用，表示“過去經常性、習慣性的動作”;而過去進行時與always， constantly， forever， continually等連用，表示動作的重復，常帶有感情色彩。如：He always got up at six. 他過去總是六點起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。7下面幾種情況不用一般過去時而要用過去進行時：(1). 表示過去某一階段暫時性的習慣動作時。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 湯姆那一周里每天都是六點鐘

24、起床。(2). 與always連用表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩時。如：John was always coming to school late. 約翰上學總是遲到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷鋒總是為人民做好事。(4) when作并列連詞，表示“(這時)突然”之意時，第一個并列分句用過去進行時，when引導的并列分句用一般過去時。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見了他。We were playing outside when it began to rai

25、n. 我們正在外邊玩，這時下起雨來了。(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞可用過去進行時表示過去將來的含義。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武漢。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。三、when, while 的用法 when和while與過去進行時有著密切的關系，他們作從屬連詞時都有“當.時候”之意，用法稍有不同： when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是短暫性動詞，也可以是延續性動詞，而while引導的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞只能是延續性動詞。 when引導的從句謂語動詞如果是短

26、暫性動詞則用一般過去時，主句是延續性動詞則用過去進行時，從句動作發生在主句動作的時間段之內（長動作用過去進行時，短動作用一般過去時）；如果主句和從句兩個謂語動詞都是延續性動詞則全部用過去進行時,這時when和while都可以用。 when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發生；while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發生。when +短/延while +延 when和while兩個詞還可以用作并列連詞，但意思不同，when相當于“在那時”，等于at that time或just then;而while則相當于“而；卻；但是”；相當于but,表示對比關系。（這一點暫時

27、可以不掌握）eg. I was playing computer games when my father got home. = When my father got home,I was playing computer games. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. = When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.過去進行時鞏固練習：（聰明的你一定能全部做對）1 Simon _ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.

28、m.2 Peter _(do) his homework at seven last night.3 They _ (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4 He _(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5 What book _ you _(read) when I _ (see)you at four yesterday afternoon?6 While she _ (watch) TV, her son _ (play) outside the ro

29、om.7 It _ (begin) to rain while we _(work) in the field.8 I _ (do) my homework last night when the light _ (go) out. go out 意為熄滅9 I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?-Oh, I _ (read) some books on science.10. Girls _(dance) while boys _(sing) at the party. 11.- Did you

30、see Tim just now? - Yes. He _ (fish) by the river.12.When the teacher _ (come) into the classroom, the students _（laugh）loudly.5一般將來時 一、意義：表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，也表示將來經?；蛑貜桶l生的動作。時間標志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 構成及變化：一般將來時常用的兩種結構be going t

31、o+動詞原形 : 表示打算、準備做的事或即將發生或肯定要發生的事。shall/will+動詞原形 : 表示將要發生的動作或情況，沒有太多的計劃性, 還用來表示意愿 be going to +動詞原形肯定句 主語+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動詞原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year.我姐姐準備明年學英語。否定句 主語+be(am / is / are)not going to +動詞原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight.我今天晚上不打算去

32、看電影。一般疑問句 Be (am / is / are)+主語+going to+動詞原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?No , he isnt.不。.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.?春節你打算在哪過?.注意: be going to 結構后面習慣上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的動詞，一般用該動詞的進行時形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next wee

33、k.下周他要去紐約.will /shall +動詞原形(在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall ,在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will)1.肯定句 主語+will/shall+動詞原形+其它成份(shall) write to him next week.下周我將給他寫信。2.否定句 主語 + will /shall+ not + 動詞原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他們不看電視。3.一般疑問句will/shall+主語 +動詞原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ?明天你和我們呆

34、在家里好嗎?4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-) +一般疑問句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時侯回來?三、附 :Shall I /we 常用來征求對方意見，而問對方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請，常用Will you?他們的回答比較靈活。1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sor

35、ry. Im afraid I cant.四、時間標志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you

36、 going to do tomorrow? b. 計劃，安排要發生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有跡象要發生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能與

37、tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5 be going to / will 用于條件句時， be going to表將來 will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror6 be to和be going to be to 表

38、示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排).7 一般現在時表將來 1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus s

39、tar? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope th

40、ey have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用現在進行時表示將來 意為："意圖"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用詞為 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I'm leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?6.過去將來時(would do) 1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，

41、從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。 2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本結構：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the(1)過去將來時由“助動詞would+動詞原形”構成。w

42、ould常縮略為d。(2)過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示過去的某一時間看來將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用在賓語從句中。如：I didn't know if she would come。 Wang Lei said that she would visit her uncle next Saturday。過去將來時也可以用“was(were) going to +動詞原形”來表示。如：I didn't know if she was going to come。 Wang Lei said that she was going to visit 7現在完成時 (ha

43、ve/has done)用法1：表示：過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。標志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, before用法2：表示：過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。標志詞：for, since, sinceago基本結構：助動詞have/has + 動詞的過去分詞(當主語是第三人稱單數時用has,其余人稱用have)1)肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞2)否定式：主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞3)一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞Yes, 主語 + have/h

44、as.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)4)特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞例句1. 過去某時發生的動作到目前為止這個動作已經完成或剛剛完成。如：1)I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業了。(過去某時開始做，到現在已完成)2)He has already come 他已經來了。(過去某時開始離開某地到這來，現在已在這。)2. 表示動作發生在過去并延續到現在。如：1)I have studied English for six years. 我已經學了六年英語了。(六年前開始學英語，一直學

45、到現在, 也可能繼續學也可能就此不學了。)2)I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從1990年就在沈陽住。(從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現在，也可能繼續住也可能就此為止。)注意1) 當表示一段時間，現在完成時可以用for 或since引導的狀語。例如：Ive known Li Li for 4 years. 我認識麗麗已經4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從8年前我就在這工作。注意2) 當在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時，在轉換成否定句時，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在

46、句末加上yet.。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.He has just come. He hasnt come yet?使用時注意事項1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎?是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he hasnt.他有許多工作要做嗎?不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、ha

47、ve/has been to 和have/has been in的區別have/ has gone to 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to 曾經去過，人已經回來了have/ has been in 已經在，常與一段時間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎?3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, eve

48、r連用;have/ has gone to則不可。例如: Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎? Yes, hes been there several times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。 Where have they gone? 他們去哪里了? Theyve gone to Shenyang. 他們去沈陽了。4.非延續性動詞不能用“現在完成時 + 表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續狀態的相應的延續性動詞替

49、換句中的非延續性性動詞。例如： arrive, come be here, be in buy have begin, start be on ;die be dead finish, end be over go out be outjoin be in borrowkeep finish/end be overclose be closed leave, move be away; fall asleep be asleep10 比較過去時與現在完成時 1）過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。 2）過

50、去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確

51、定的時間狀語3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例： I saw this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了。） I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（強調起床的動作已發生過了。） Who hasn't ha

52、nded in his paper?（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在團內的狀態可延續) He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態可持續) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my hom

53、ework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于現在完成時的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結構

54、中的從句部分，用現在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that結構，that 從句要用現在完成時. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come8. 現在完成進行時(ha