1、科普作文指導(dǎo)科普作文指導(dǎo)科普英語復(fù)賽的作文題（以往）科普英語復(fù)賽的作文題（以往）n初中高年級組：初中高年級組：2007年：年：Internet and Information2008年：年：Modern Transportation and Our Environment 2009年：年：Should Birds Be Protected2010年：年：Why Shall We Live a Low Carbon Life?n初中低年級組：初中低年級組：2007年：年： Internet and Information2008年：年：Protect the Enviroment2009年：年：

2、 Use Mobile Phones Wiselyn作文話題：與生活緊密相關(guān)的科普類（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、作文話題：與生活緊密相關(guān)的科普類（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、城市交通、手機(jī)、自然環(huán)境、動物城市交通、手機(jī)、自然環(huán)境、動物鳥類）鳥類）n作文形式：作文形式：以以2007年作文題為例年作文題為例:Internet and Information1、有人認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了許多有價值的信息；、有人認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了許多有價值的信息；2、有人認(rèn)為信息過剩帶來許多問題；、有人認(rèn)為信息過剩帶來許多問題；3、我的觀點(diǎn)和理由。、我的觀點(diǎn)和理由。如何在短期內(nèi)迅速提高寫作能力如何在短期內(nèi)迅速提高寫作能力 英語寫作是一種綜合語言能力，它不僅考寫英

3、語寫作是一種綜合語言能力，它不僅考寫作者所掌握的語言知識、使用外語的熟練程作者所掌握的語言知識、使用外語的熟練程度，同時還考個人的思維能力和知識面。想度，同時還考個人的思維能力和知識面。想提高英語寫作，還是有章可循的：提高英語寫作，還是有章可循的：1、增加閱讀量、增加閱讀量 報刊、雜志、英語讀物報刊、雜志、英語讀物1）提高閱讀能力；）提高閱讀能力；2）擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高語言運(yùn)）擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高語言運(yùn)用能力，避免詞窮的窘境；用能力，避免詞窮的窘境；3）熟悉熱門話題，）熟悉熱門話題，開拓思路；開拓思路；4）培養(yǎng)語感及英語思維習(xí)慣。）培養(yǎng)語感及英語思維習(xí)慣。n精讀相關(guān)范文精讀相關(guān)范文1）要理解；）要理

4、解；2）把有用的表達(dá)式、觀點(diǎn)、框架等為我所）把有用的表達(dá)式、觀點(diǎn)、框架等為我所用。用。n掌握常用的框架結(jié)構(gòu)掌握常用的框架結(jié)構(gòu)布局謀篇，注意避免個人化的凌亂寫作框架布局謀篇，注意避免個人化的凌亂寫作框架n熟記常用套句與過渡連接詞熟記常用套句與過渡連接詞過渡詞的熟練運(yùn)用，可以潤色文章，使全文流暢。過渡詞的熟練運(yùn)用，可以潤色文章，使全文流暢。n打好堅實的語法基礎(chǔ)打好堅實的語法基礎(chǔ)n勤動筆寫勤動筆寫 質(zhì)量源于數(shù)量，寫作是運(yùn)用語言的重要實踐活動，一質(zhì)量源于數(shù)量，寫作是運(yùn)用語言的重要實踐活動，一定要真正在水中多練。定要真正在水中多練。英語作文范文英語作文范文nFire Prevention on Camp

5、us1.前段時間校園火災(zāi)頻發(fā)，造成生命和財產(chǎn)損失2.分析火災(zāi)發(fā)生的原因3.作為學(xué)生，如何預(yù)防校園火災(zāi)發(fā)生審題概述這是一分析火災(zāi)原因和如何預(yù)防火災(zāi)為中心的文章，撰寫這是一分析火災(zāi)原因和如何預(yù)防火災(zāi)為中心的文章，撰寫時重點(diǎn)即在于此。開篇綜述校園火災(zāi)頻發(fā)情形及造成的生時重點(diǎn)即在于此。開篇綜述校園火災(zāi)頻發(fā)情形及造成的生命和財產(chǎn)損失，然后說明火災(zāi)原因，最后提出可能的火災(zāi)命和財產(chǎn)損失，然后說明火災(zāi)原因，最后提出可能的火災(zāi)預(yù)防措施。第一段，主要概述；第二段，說明原因；第三預(yù)防措施。第一段，主要概述；第二段，說明原因；第三段，詳細(xì)論述措施。段，詳細(xì)論述措施。【范文】Fire Prevention on Cam

6、pus People are alarmed by the succession of campus fires in recent years. In each of these accidents, heavy casualties were reported houses were burned down, students lost their lives, and properties were damaged. Faced with such a chilling fact, people keep asking, “What on earth results in these r

7、epeated tragedies?” A brief survey of them reveals that human factors still prove to be the leading causes. For example, three of these fires were caused by the students use of electric water-heaters. As students often leave the heaters unattended, the risks are rather high should the water in the b

8、ottle boil dry while no one is around to turn off the power. In other cases, fires were also caused by stoves, candles, cigarette butts, etc. Since most of these disasters could have been prevented if proper precautions had been taken, students should be better educated on the importance and measure

9、s of fire control. The following three reminders are of particular importance for us students: First, learn how to use a fire extinguisher. Second, double-check candles, heaters, stoves and other electric appliances, and make sure there are no open flames before leaving rooms. Lastly, do not smoke i

10、n the dorm. (198 words)n第一段思路點(diǎn)評：概述并引入下文第一段思路點(diǎn)評：概述并引入下文語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：（1）此句）此句What on earth results in these repeated tragedies? 常可作為過渡句，引出下文常可作為過渡句，引出下文（2）注意描述有關(guān)火災(zāi)客觀事實，多使用被動語態(tài)，如）注意描述有關(guān)火災(zāi)客觀事實，多使用被動語態(tài)，如are alarmed by，were reported，were burned down，were damaged，F(xiàn)aced with。n第二段思路點(diǎn)評：論述火災(zāi)的主要原因是使用電熱水器，還有造第二段思

11、路點(diǎn)評：論述火災(zāi)的主要原因是使用電熱水器，還有造成火災(zāi)的次要原因是實用電爐、蠟燭和亂扔煙蒂成火災(zāi)的次要原因是實用電爐、蠟燭和亂扔煙蒂語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：electric water-heaters電熱水器電熱水器n第三段思路點(diǎn)評：詳述預(yù)防火災(zāi)的三點(diǎn)措施，注意使用連接詞語第三段思路點(diǎn)評：詳述預(yù)防火災(zāi)的三點(diǎn)措施，注意使用連接詞語first, second, lastly。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：take precautions采取預(yù)防措施采取預(yù)防措施fire extinguisher滅火器滅火器nHow Will Our Life Go on without Internet?1. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給

12、了人們豐富多彩和便捷的生活網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供給了人們豐富多彩和便捷的生活2. 很多人開始感覺離開網(wǎng)絡(luò)寸步難行很多人開始感覺離開網(wǎng)絡(luò)寸步難行3. 你對網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴癥的看法你對網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴癥的看法審題概述審題概述本文是一篇論述你對網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活關(guān)系的文章。第本文是一篇論述你對網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活關(guān)系的文章。第一段，側(cè)重簡述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們生活的多彩、便利。第二一段，側(cè)重簡述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們生活的多彩、便利。第二段，詳述網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活的緊密度。第三段，論述對段，詳述網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活的緊密度。第三段，論述對網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴的觀點(diǎn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴的觀點(diǎn)。【范文一【范文一】How Will Our Life Go on without Internet?

13、If asked whether the Internet is the greatest discovery of the 20th century, my answer would be yes. The Internet has drawn the world closer together, realized countless incredible dreams, and provided modern people with a great many conveniences and a brilliant life. Today, many people simply feel

14、they cannot live without the Internet. Governments publish their latest policies and decisions online for worldwide recognition. Political campaigns are often done online to gain wider public support. Companies and enterprises resort to the Internet for more business opportunities and potential cust

15、omers home and abroad. Universities and researchers turn to the Internet if theyd seek international cooperation or funding. Common folks like us also rely on the cyber world in various ways, for communication, entertainment, banking and shopping. True, the power of the Internet is all pervasive and

16、 its many negative effects are already visible. For example, Internet addicts tend to withdraw to their own fantasy world rather than communicate with a real person. Children are exposed to online pornography and violence. Internet frauds are an everyday occurrence. In view of all this, you are advi

17、sed to use the Internet with wisdom. Keep it at a safe distance and never lose yourself. (200 words)n第一段思路點(diǎn)評：綜述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們生活帶來的多彩和便捷。兩個第一段思路點(diǎn)評：綜述網(wǎng)絡(luò)給人們生活帶來的多彩和便捷。兩個長句足矣。第一句用長句足矣。第一句用if引導(dǎo)的條件句引出引導(dǎo)的條件句引出“網(wǎng)絡(luò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”話題，第二句概述話題，第二句概述網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶給多彩和便捷的生活。網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶給多彩和便捷的生活。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：has drawn, realized, and provided此為謂語連動式的運(yùn)用。此為謂

18、語連動式的運(yùn)用。n第二段思路點(diǎn)評：詳述網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活的緊密關(guān)系，先總述，后第二段思路點(diǎn)評：詳述網(wǎng)絡(luò)與人們生活的緊密關(guān)系，先總述，后分述。分述。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：resort to借助、訴諸、求助于借助、訴諸、求助于n第三段思路點(diǎn)評：先陳述人們對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴，再談對此的看法。第三段思路點(diǎn)評：先陳述人們對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴，再談對此的看法。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：（1）negative effects副作用、反面作用副作用、反面作用（2）addicts成癮者、依戀者成癮者、依戀者（3）fantasy world虛擬世界、虛幻世界虛擬世界、虛幻世界（4）pornography色情表演、色情作品色情表演、

19、色情作品（5）fraud欺騙、詐騙欺騙、詐騙【范文二【范文二】 As a primary source of information as well as an efficient means of communication, the Internet offers people a colorful and convenient life. Just by clicking the mouse, we can enjoy a brilliant and easy life that could not be achieved ever before: shopping, making fr

20、iends, contacting relatives, looking for jobs, downloading music and movies, conducting business deals, and freely airing our opinions. For its convenience, the Internet has attracted people like magnets and some people even claim that it is indispensable. To them, life cant go on without it. Every

21、day millions of people spend hours on end surfing the Internet. They are obsessed with it so much so that they forget many other important matters. As for me, I dont approve of unrestrained Internet reliance. Although the Internet is a gift of the technological revolution and a blessing of this info

22、rmation age, we should never let it control our life. The Internet absolutely doesnt mean the whole world to us. Instead, we should guard against its negative effects. To those Internet addicts, I would add: “Self-control can make or break your life. With proper use, the Internet serves you; otherwi

23、se, it kills you.” nIs it Necessary to Attend Training Classes?1. 現(xiàn)在社會上有各種各樣的培訓(xùn)班現(xiàn)在社會上有各種各樣的培訓(xùn)班2. 有些人認(rèn)為有必要參加課外培訓(xùn)班，有些人有些人認(rèn)為有必要參加課外培訓(xùn)班，有些人則認(rèn)為沒有必要則認(rèn)為沒有必要3. 你的觀點(diǎn)你的觀點(diǎn)審題概述審題概述這是一篇主要論述人們和你對社會上各類培訓(xùn)班看法這是一篇主要論述人們和你對社會上各類培訓(xùn)班看法的文章。第一段，概述各種各樣培訓(xùn)班的狀況。第二的文章。第一段，概述各種各樣培訓(xùn)班的狀況。第二段，論述人們對參加課外培訓(xùn)班的不同看法。第三段，段，論述人們對參加課外培訓(xùn)班的不

24、同看法。第三段，重點(diǎn)闡述你對此的看法。重點(diǎn)闡述你對此的看法。【范文【范文】Is it Necessary to Attend Training Classes? All across the country a great diversity of custom-made classes are mushrooming, in which special training is provided concerning computer skills, arts, sports, and other extracurricular specialties like maths and writi

25、ng. Among them language crash courses for various tests, such as CET, BEC, TOFEL, IELTS, GRE and so forth, are especially noticeable for its wide range and high attendance rate. Some consider it advisable to attend such classes while others believe it unnecessary. The former argues that its far more

26、 effective to command these special skills with the help of an experienced trainer than to work at them on their own. They are convinced that these training classes can make up for what is not taught in school, hence, more competitive edge over their peers. The latter group of people, nonetheless, c

27、riticize it as a sheer waste of resources. They warn that the quality of most training courses is questionable, as they are marketed to get money out of our pocket rather than get knowledge into our head. As far as I am concerned, a little bit of such special training does us no harm, but too much o

28、f it can only prove to be counter-productive. Anyhow, the deprived free time can be better invested in recreation at weekends, talking to an old friend, or simply enjoying a long-overdue vacation.n第一段思路點(diǎn)評：第一句綜述社會上提供知識、技能服務(wù)的各第一段思路點(diǎn)評：第一句綜述社會上提供知識、技能服務(wù)的各類培訓(xùn)班雨后春筍般興起，第二句例舉語言速成課程特別火爆。類培訓(xùn)班雨后春筍般興起，第二句例舉語言速成

29、課程特別火爆。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：（1）a great diversity of各種各樣的各種各樣的（2）mushrooming迅速擴(kuò)散、增加迅速擴(kuò)散、增加（3）language crash courses語言速成課程語言速成課程n第二段思路點(diǎn)評：先用一句對比式地擺出兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，再第二段思路點(diǎn)評：先用一句對比式地擺出兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，再分別詳述他們的看法。分別詳述他們的看法。語言點(diǎn)提示：注意連接詞語語言點(diǎn)提示：注意連接詞語while，The former，They，The latter group of people等的使用，強(qiáng)化了上下文之間的連貫性。等的使用，強(qiáng)化了上下文之間的連貫性。

30、n第三段思路點(diǎn)評：辯證地論述你對參加各類培訓(xùn)班的看法。第三段思路點(diǎn)評：辯證地論述你對參加各類培訓(xùn)班的看法。語言點(diǎn)提示：語言點(diǎn)提示：（1）as far as I am concerned我認(rèn)為，就我而言我認(rèn)為，就我而言（2）counter-productive適得其反的、事與愿違的適得其反的、事與愿違的nThe Rise of Shanzhai Culture1. 最近興起了一股最近興起了一股“山寨熱山寨熱”2. 你如何看待山寨現(xiàn)象你如何看待山寨現(xiàn)象審題概述審題概述本文是一篇論述山寨現(xiàn)象以及人們和你對此看法的文章。本文是一篇論述山寨現(xiàn)象以及人們和你對此看法的文章。第一段，概述方興未艾的山寨熱。第

31、二段，闡述山寨產(chǎn)品第一段，概述方興未艾的山寨熱。第二段，闡述山寨產(chǎn)品的優(yōu)勢以及給人們帶來的好處。第三段，論述人們和你對的優(yōu)勢以及給人們帶來的好處。第三段，論述人們和你對山寨現(xiàn)象的反對立場和觀點(diǎn)，即山寨產(chǎn)品的非法性。山寨現(xiàn)象的反對立場和觀點(diǎn)，即山寨產(chǎn)品的非法性。【范文【范文】The Rise of Shanzhai Culture The vast array of knockoff name-brand products, such as cell phones, DVDs, MP3 players, have made “shanzhai” the hottest word of the y

32、ear. Now we wear shanzhai watches, talk through shanzhai cell phones, play shanzhai video games, use shanzhai computers, even watch shanzhai TV shows. Once a term used before some electronic products to suggest a copycat version of inferior quality, shanzhai now suggests to many Chinese creativity a

33、nd trendiness. With the media all over the rise of shanzhai culture, public opinions are clearly divided. Advocates invariably associate it with innovation, stylishness, the DIY spirit, open-mindedness and practicality, as shanzhai products often mix imitation with innovation a similar skin but a di

34、fferent heart. The end products are usually more functional and much cheaper than the original. Besides, they respond to the market more swiftly and they are more considerate in design. Thanks to them, more people at the grassroots level can enjoy the benefit of modern technology. However, other peo

35、ple, including myself, hold more reserved attitudes towards the shanzhai fever. For all the popularity it has won, a copycat is a copycat. The mockery of the prestige products not only steals their profits but also upsets market competition. Moreover, shanzhai products thrive on the current legal lo

36、opholes. Under the disguise of anti-dominance slogans, they make illegal profits by violating intellectual property rights and evading taxes. And to top it off, the so-called innovation is only senseless talk as true innovation always faces huge costs and potential failures, while plagiarism simply

37、builds success on other peoples risks. (256 words) 寫作技法和策略寫作技法和策略 n1 對應(yīng)法對應(yīng)法 多數(shù)寫作都是提綱式寫作，有時，我們可以采用多數(shù)寫作都是提綱式寫作，有時，我們可以采用對應(yīng)法按照中文提綱分別寫成三段。對應(yīng)法按照中文提綱分別寫成三段。如：提綱：如：提綱：1） 有人認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的。（雨水、河水、有人認(rèn)為淡水是取之不盡的。（雨水、河水、井水井水） 2） 實際上淡水是非常緊缺的。（人口增加、工實際上淡水是非常緊缺的。（人口增加、工業(yè)用水增加）業(yè)用水增加） 3） 我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？我們應(yīng)該怎么辦？ Global Shortage o

38、f Fresh Water Generally, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of fresh water in the rivers and lakes. Whats more, we have a lot of underground water. Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fres

39、h water consumption remains great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our rivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable. We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage. First, population growth should be

40、 slowed down to reduce fresh water demand. Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the rivers and lakes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life. （135 words）n再如提綱：再如提綱：1） 有人認(rèn)為錢是幸福之本（有人認(rèn)為錢是幸福之本（source of happiness） 2） 有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬惡之源有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬

41、惡之源(root of evil) 3） 我的看法。我的看法。 Some think that money is the source of happiness. Once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money they have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife. Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will

42、 do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe. In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it. We can

43、 not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhile, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on. （141 words ）這兩例都是采用了對應(yīng)寫作方式，將提示中的三句分別擴(kuò)展成三段，三這兩例都是采用了對應(yīng)寫作方式，將提示中的三句分別擴(kuò)展成三段，三段之間相互銜接，構(gòu)成一個完整的篇章。段之間相互銜接，構(gòu)成一個完整的篇章。 n2調(diào)整法調(diào)整

44、法 盡管是提綱式寫作，提綱所提示的只是文盡管是提綱式寫作，提綱所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要內(nèi)容，卻不是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)模章所要包括的主要內(nèi)容，卻不是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，一般情況下，應(yīng)根據(jù)英語文章的類型，重式，一般情況下，應(yīng)根據(jù)英語文章的類型，重新安排文章。如上面有關(guān)新安排文章。如上面有關(guān)錢錢的一個寫作，按的一個寫作，按照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，最好是加上一個引子。照英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，最好是加上一個引子。 What is money? To this question, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of hap

45、piness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxurious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They

46、even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forget their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people thi

47、nk that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money. In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on how it is used. 二、二、 首段和尾段的寫作首段和尾段的寫作 前面介紹了段落的擴(kuò)展模式，也就是說，我們已前面介紹了段落的擴(kuò)展模式，

48、也就是說，我們已經(jīng)了解了文章中間一部分的敘述模式。一般首經(jīng)了解了文章中間一部分的敘述模式。一般首段和尾段都要自己補(bǔ)上，那么怎么才能寫好首段和尾段都要自己補(bǔ)上，那么怎么才能寫好首尾段呢，下面介紹一下，首尾段的寫作方式。尾段呢，下面介紹一下，首尾段的寫作方式。 n1首段的寫作首段的寫作 首段的寫作方式一般為：首段的寫作方式一般為： 1）運(yùn)用事實性信息、調(diào)查或故事等引出話題）運(yùn)用事實性信息、調(diào)查或故事等引出話題 2）導(dǎo)入主題，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，也就是）導(dǎo)入主題，然后提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，也就是文章的論點(diǎn)文章的論點(diǎn) 。n首段開篇的方式常見的有：首段開篇的方式常見的有： 1） 諺語法諺語法 由于諺語一般已經(jīng)

49、被大家所接受，用諺語提出自己的觀點(diǎn)也容由于諺語一般已經(jīng)被大家所接受，用諺語提出自己的觀點(diǎn)也容易被讀者所接受。易被讀者所接受。 As the saying goes, Money makes the mare go, but there are many things we cant buy with money, such as time and true love. 2） 定義法定義法 定義法是通過對文章中的關(guān)鍵詞做一些簡單或正面或反面的解定義法是通過對文章中的關(guān)鍵詞做一些簡單或正面或反面的解釋，限定其范圍，這樣比較有利于引出主題。釋，限定其范圍，這樣比較有利于引出主題。 Practice

50、makes perfect is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in the end. 3） 提問法提問法 通過提問一個或一連串的問題，可以激發(fā)讀者的興趣，從而引通過提問一個或一連串的問題，可以激發(fā)讀者的興趣，從而引出主題。出主題。 a. Do you have many friends? Are they simil

51、ar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer? b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question. 4） 概括法概括法 概括法指先總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容所涉及的現(xiàn)狀，然后引出主題。概括法指先總結(jié)文章內(nèi)容所涉及的現(xiàn)狀，然后引出主題。 In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the Internet ha

52、s come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems. 5） 故事法故事法 故事法指用簡單有趣的故事激發(fā)讀者的興趣，從而提出自己故事法指用簡單有趣的故事激發(fā)讀者的興趣，從而提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。如下面的觀點(diǎn)。如下面Is Stress a Bad

53、 Thing? 6） 引語法引語法 Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and cant be retained. From Vincis words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning. 7） 調(diào)查法調(diào)查法 為了得到讀者的認(rèn)可，文章的開始可以引出調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)等，借為了得到讀者的認(rèn)可，文章的開始可以引出調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)等，借以提出主題，如下面以提

54、出主題，如下面Is Stress a Bad Thing?的的1）和）和Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?的的4）。）。 8） 假設(shè)法假設(shè)法 假設(shè)法是指通過假設(shè)提出一種選擇，交代文章要涉及的問題，假設(shè)法是指通過假設(shè)提出一種選擇，交代文章要涉及的問題，從而提出文章的主題。從而提出文章的主題。 Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which

55、 would you prefer? 9） 綜合法綜合法 具體寫作時，同學(xué)們沒有必要拘泥于一種方式，可以將上述具體寫作時，同學(xué)們沒有必要拘泥于一種方式，可以將上述方法總和起來。方法總和起來。 首段示例：首段示例： 標(biāo)題：標(biāo)題：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet? 提綱：提綱： 1）隨著科技的發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)越來越普及；）隨著科技的發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)越來越普及； 2）網(wǎng)絡(luò)有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)但也）網(wǎng)絡(luò)有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)但也有缺點(diǎn)；有缺點(diǎn)； 3）我的觀點(diǎn)）我的觀點(diǎn) 根據(jù)上面的提示，首段可有下列幾種方式：根據(jù)上面的提示，首段可有下列幾種方式： 1) Nowadays, using t

56、he Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverse opinions on this. Some think it wise, but I dont agree with them. 2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more important role in

57、our society and life. Its so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it. 3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are st

58、arting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet. 4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bars have become a resort for schoolchildren who log in to chat or play game

59、s. Faced with this phenomenon, many people argue for measures to prevent schoolchildren from using the Internet, and I think they have their reasons. 2 結(jié)論段的寫作結(jié)論段的寫作 結(jié)論一般采用歸納概括、主題重述或提建議等方式。結(jié)論一般采用歸納概括、主題重述或提建議等方式。 常見的方式有：常見的方式有： 1） 重述或總結(jié)主題重述或總結(jié)主題 重述主題指于結(jié)論處以另外一種表達(dá)方式重申主題，與首段照應(yīng)。重述主題指于結(jié)論處以另外一種表達(dá)方式重申主題，與首段

60、照應(yīng)。 Families offer us warmth and care. Friends give us strength and horizon. They both help us understand the world as it is. Both of them are the dearest parts in our life. 2） 提出建議提出建議 Since postcards do us more harm and good, since we have many other ways to convey our feelings and promote our fri