1、專題五閱讀補全(七選五)高考英語高考英語 (山東專用)A A組組 山東省卷、課標(biāo)山東省卷、課標(biāo)卷題組卷題組Group 1Passage 1(2019課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”1 According to re-cent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air qualit

2、y in your camping area is good.2 If the air youre breathing is cleanwhich it would be if youre away from the smog of citiesthen the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your m

3、uscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).3 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that五年高考just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and pu

4、t people into a better mood(情緒).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their win-dow are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.4 It gives us a great feeling of peace.5 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also g

5、ive us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of vitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.

6、B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.G.All across the country, recovery centers

7、have begun building Healing Gardens.答案答案語篇解讀本文體裁為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為人與環(huán)境。文章圍繞新鮮空氣是否對我們有好處這一話題進(jìn)行闡述。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言能力。1.E過渡句。設(shè)空處前句提到 “go out and get some fresh air”,空格處馬上針對呼吸新鮮空氣這件事情進(jìn)行提問,然后設(shè)空處后一句就是針對提問的回答 “the answer is a big YES”,所以選擇E項。2.A主題句。設(shè)空處后面一整段都是在闡述呼吸新鮮空氣的好處,尤其兩次提到oxygen(氧氣),且設(shè)空處位于段首,所以設(shè)空處是整段的主

8、題句,而且話題需要一致,oxygen與A項中的lungs有聯(lián)系,所以選擇A項。3.G細(xì)節(jié)句。設(shè)空處前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞healing與G項中的Healing對應(yīng),G項中的recovery與設(shè)空處后一句中的recovery對應(yīng)。此外,G項中出現(xiàn)Healing Gardens,后一句馬上出現(xiàn)In these places來指代Healing Gardens,因此答案是G項。4.C主題句。根據(jù)本段的第三句In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.可知,此段講了接近大自然有助于病人的康復(fù),而下文對有哪些幫

9、助進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說明,所以在本段的最后再次進(jìn)行總結(jié),話題依然是與大自然有關(guān),而且是總結(jié)性質(zhì)的句子,所以選擇C項。C項中nature與話題一致,與設(shè)空處后一句均是對本段話題的收尾。5.D主題句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處位置可以推測此處為主題句,是對本段話題的開啟。設(shè)空處后一句中的the suns rays與D項中的sunlight對應(yīng)。而D項中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是對前面段落中闡述呼吸新鮮空氣有好處的延伸,因此D項是最佳選項。難句分析難句分析原句:Hospital patients who see tree branches out their

10、window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 分析:本句是主從復(fù)合句。句子主干是:Hospital patients are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients。who see tree branches out their window是定語從句,修飾先行詞Hospital patients;who see buildings or sky instead也是定語從句,修飾第二個patien

11、ts。譯文:看到他們窗外樹枝的住院病人比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢復(fù)得更快。高考熱詞Passage 1 1.quality kwlt n.質(zhì)量2.recovery rkv()r n.恢復(fù)3.turn out結(jié)果是4.beneficial benf()l adj.有益的高考熱詞高考熱詞Passage 2 (2018課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to ma

12、nage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life?Professional?Or are you just looking for a place to relax af-ter a long day?1 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there

13、have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.2 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home:the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.3 . Theyre th

14、e little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium

15、color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 4 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether yo

16、ure looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.5 .A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to use too man

17、y small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案答案語篇解讀本文為說明文,介紹了在家居裝修時如何選擇顏色。只需作出三個決定即可:抱枕、鏡子等小物件的顏色選擇;沙發(fā)、餐桌等中等物件的顏色選擇;墻面、天花板、地板等大物件的顏色選擇。1.B本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出,你是想要一個充滿生機(jī)的房間呢?還是專業(yè)的

18、房間?或者你只是在尋找漫長的一天過后供你休息的場所呢?本句應(yīng)該對上文的問題作出回應(yīng),B項符合語境,句意為“無論你在找什么樣的房間,要想讓房間給你想要的感覺,顏色至關(guān)重要”。B項中的looking for為原詞再現(xiàn)。2.A本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出,在過去的這些年,有很多不同的技巧幫助設(shè)計者達(dá)到這重要的一點。本句應(yīng)該對這些技巧作出回應(yīng),A項符合語境,句意為“雖然所有的技巧都有用處,但是它們有點兒復(fù)雜”。A項中的all of them代指上句中的different techniques。3.D本句為主題句。上段末尾指出了需要作出的三個決定(the small ones, the medium ones

19、, and the large ones)。根據(jù)最后兩段首句(Medium color choices.和The large color decisions.)可知,這兩段分別介紹了后兩個決定,結(jié)合段落內(nèi)容可知本段介紹第一個決定,故D項(Small color choices.)符合段落主題。4.G本句為過渡句。本段介紹了對家具這樣的中等物件作出顏色選擇。空格前的句子列舉了中等物件的例子,空格后的由and連接的兩個分句從兩方面與小物件的顏色選擇進(jìn)行了比較,故G項符合語境。two major ways與下句內(nèi)容一致。5.F本句為細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出,在對大物件的顏色作出選擇時,付出的時間、精力和相關(guān)

20、的費用都意義重大,F項為該話題的延續(xù),符合語境,意為“因為你想要第一次就選好,所以這肯定是劃算的”。難句分析難句分析原句:A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in.分析:“A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces”為句子主語,表語為“one of the first steps”。“to creating rooms”為介詞短語作“the first steps”的

21、后置定語。“youll love to live in”為rooms的定語從句,省略了關(guān)系代詞。譯文:掌握如何在你的空間中管理色彩是創(chuàng)建你喜歡居住的房間的第一步。高考熱詞高考熱詞Passage 21.fundamental fndmentl adj.重要的,根本的plex kmpleks adj.復(fù)雜的mitment kmtmnt n.投入,付出4.significant snfknt adj.重要的,有意義的Passage 3 (2017課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。If anyone had told me three year

22、s ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it mean

23、t to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bath-room. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nev

24、ertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 In-stead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-e

25、ight-foot travel trailer com-plete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.5 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recom-mend that you f

26、ind your way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip, my family became quite interested in ca

27、mping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.答案答案語篇解讀本文為記敘文。講述了作者由討厭露營到喜歡露營的過程。短文分為三部分:第一部分為第一段,談及作者三年前對露營的負(fù)面看法;第二部分為第二段,描述了作者被說服參加的一次露營經(jīng)歷;第三部分為最后三段,講述了作者從那之后參加的數(shù)次愉快的露營經(jīng)歷以及作者一家人都開始享受露營帶來的快樂。1.D過渡句。本空位置在第一段的結(jié)尾。設(shè)題處前面的句子表明作者三年前對露營的抵觸心理,后面的段落描述了露營的經(jīng)歷。由此可以看出本題對應(yīng)的句子起到承上啟下的作用,而且具有轉(zhuǎn)

28、折的功能。D選項中的關(guān)鍵信息since then 和however起到明顯的銜接作用,故為正確答案。2.C概括句。本空位置在段落之中。前面的句子指出作者的朋友們帶他參加了一次露營;后面的句子較詳細(xì)地描寫了那次露營的經(jīng)歷,但多是比較艱苦的體驗,如睡在帳篷里、野炊、洗澡不方便等,根據(jù)上下文可知,本句應(yīng)該是一個概括句,總體說明這次露營的狀況。C項中的they與前面的friends 對應(yīng),rough可以概括這次露營的特征,所以是正確答案。3.A細(xì)節(jié)句。本空所在段落描述了一次愉快的露營經(jīng)歷,本空后面的副詞Instead是一個重要的銜接標(biāo)志詞,表明本空后面的內(nèi)容與本空的信息相反。本空后面的句子強調(diào)這次露營

29、中他們有了舒適的露營車(camper),這個信息是相對于上次的帳篷露營而言的。因此,根據(jù)上下文可知選項A 為正確答案。4.F過渡句。設(shè)空處在段首,引出一個新話題。本空后面的代詞We是一個很強的銜接標(biāo)志詞,表明本空對應(yīng)的句子中應(yīng)該有包括作者在內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)人群。根據(jù)這個線索,選項F中的my family 與We恰好對應(yīng),故答案為F項。選項E有一定的干擾性,但E中的I無法與后面的We 對應(yīng),所以不正確。5.E總結(jié)句。設(shè)空處在最后一段(結(jié)語段)的段首,是全文的概括,又起到承上啟下的作用。選項E中的關(guān)鍵信息come to enjoy camping既是對前面幾段的概括總結(jié),也能夠順暢地銜接下句內(nèi)容,即希望別

30、人也能親近大自然。由此可見,選項E為正確答案。難句分析難句分析原句:If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camp-ing, I would have laughed heartily.分析:本句用了虛擬語氣,表示對過去的虛擬。If從句用過去完成時,主句用would have done的形式。其中If條件從句中,“that I would be spending most of my weekends camping”作“told”的直接賓語。賓語從句中用了過去將來進(jìn)

31、行時結(jié)構(gòu)“would be spending”。譯文:如果三年前有人告訴我,我將把大部分的周末花在野營上,我會開懷大笑。高考熱詞高考熱詞Passage 3 1.bite bat n.咬,(被咬的)痕跡2.pioneer pan(r) n.先鋒,先驅(qū)3.wilderness wldns n.野外,荒野4.carpet kpt n.地毯Group 2Passage 1 (2016課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Secret codes(密碼)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and gove

32、rnment agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.1 Code breaking never lags(落后)far be-hind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three ma

33、in types of cryptography.2 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”3 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter,

34、the message “Meet me”would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.4 For example, “bridge”might stand for “meet”and“out”might stand for “me”.The message“Bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”5 H

35、owever, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been code

36、s, people have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.答案答案語篇解讀本文是

37、一篇說明文。介紹了密碼的用途、歷史以及密碼設(shè)置方式。1.D過渡句。上句提到:人們使用密碼已經(jīng)幾千年了。下句提到:密碼的破解從未太落后于密碼的設(shè)定。由此可知D項符合語境,意為“只要有密碼,人們就會盡力去破解它們。”2.E過渡句。上句提到:有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式。下句提到:例如,“My elephant eats too many eels”的首字母就拼出了“Meet me”這一隱藏起來的信息。由此可知本句應(yīng)該為一種密碼的設(shè)定方式,根據(jù)下句舉到的例子,可知E項正確,意為“你可以用每個單詞的首字母拼寫出一條信息,以此來隱藏它。”3.G主旨句。上段指出有三種主要的密碼設(shè)定方式,上段已經(jīng)提到了一種,本

38、段應(yīng)該指出另外一種。下文舉例說明了用數(shù)字來代替字母的密碼方式,由此可知G項能起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)本段的作用,意為“另外一種隱藏信息的方式就是用符號來代替字母表中特定的字母。”4.F細(xì)節(jié)句。上句指出:要解讀某個真實密碼的信息,你必須要有密碼本。本句是對上句的解釋說明,結(jié)合下文舉到的例子,可推斷出本句主要解釋如何利用密碼本來破解隱藏起來的信息。F項符合語境,意為“擁有了密碼本,你也許就能寫出代表其他單詞的單詞。”5.A細(xì)節(jié)句。上文指出了利用密碼本來破解密碼的方式。A項是總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容得出的結(jié)論,意為“沒有密碼本就很難破解密碼”,而且根據(jù)下句“.it is also hard to.”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)也可得知A項符合語

39、境。難句分析難句分析原句:Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.分析:主句的主語是Banks, companies, and government agencies,謂語動詞為use,賓語為secret codes。when information is sent by computer為時間狀語從句。譯文:銀行、公司和政府部門在業(yè)務(wù)操作時都會使用密碼,尤其是當(dāng)使用電腦發(fā)送信息時。高

40、考熱詞高考熱詞Passage 11.agency ed()ns n.(政府的)專門機(jī)構(gòu)2.cryptography krptgrf n.密碼學(xué)3.alphabet lfbet n.字母表4.substitute sbsttjut vt.代替,替換Passage 2 (2015課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.1 Trust is a ri

41、sk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately,weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from,lied to,misled,or cheated on,there are different levels

42、 of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust any-more.2 Its understandable,but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again,we have some steps you can take to get you there.3 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome w

43、ould be for your well-being.4 If youve been betrayed,you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives,well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose“everything”.Once trust is lost,what

44、is left?Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle,look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.5 Instead,its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for posi-tive growth and forgiveness.A.Learn to really trust yourself.B.It

45、is putting confidence in someone.C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.E.Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G.Seeing the positive si

46、de of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.答案答案語篇解讀人和人之間需要相互信任,贏得別人的信任并不是一件容易的事。我們也曾在某個特定的關(guān)系群中失去了對別人的信任,成了背叛的受害者。如何重新在這個關(guān)系群中建立起那份信任呢?本文給出了幾條建議。1.B第一段闡述了什么是“信任”。空格前說Trust is a learned behavior.,空格后說Trust is a risk.由此推斷出選B項。2.E空格前列舉了遭遇背叛的幾種情況:被偷、被撒謊、被誤導(dǎo)、被欺騙,這些事情的發(fā)生使人們受到了深深的傷害,他們不能容忍它再次發(fā)生。故選

47、E項。3.A根據(jù)后面句子中的Having confidence in yourself可知此處作者建議:學(xué)會真正信任你自己。故選A項。4.C根據(jù)后面句子中的you are the victim和being a victim以及a “victim mentality”可知此處作者的建議是:不要再把自己當(dāng)成一個受害者。故選C項。5.G空格前作者建議:不要從絕望的角度看局面,而要感激你生活中所有的好的方面。空格后作者說:這是一種健康的方式。由此推斷出此處答案為G項:看到事情積極的方面并不意味著你在忽視已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。難句分析難句分析原句:But you cant be successful when

48、 theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.分析:本句的主句是“you cant be successful”。接著是由when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,其中that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞relationship;where引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞action。譯文:但是你不可能在一段缺少信任的關(guān)系中成功,而這可能是因為做錯事的人對挽回錯誤不負(fù)任何責(zé)任。高考熱詞高考熱詞Passage

49、 21.betrayal btrel n.背叛2.mislead mslid vt.誤導(dǎo)3.outcome atkm n.結(jié)果4.circumstance skmstns n.客觀環(huán)境,命運Passage 3 (2014課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.1 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future h

50、olds.1.CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious.2 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?2.CreativityTrue creativity is the ability to take somethi

51、ng existing and create something new from it.3 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We kn

52、ow whats going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions.4 “Why do you think shes crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would yo

53、u feel?”4.Self Expression5 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic,acting,drawing,building,photog-raphy.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A.Encourage kids to cook with you.B.And we cant forget science education.C.We can give kids chances to think about

54、 materials in new ways.D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a va

55、luable skill.答案答案語篇解讀本文為說明文,主要講述了如何培養(yǎng)孩子們最優(yōu)秀的技能以滿足未來新出現(xiàn)的職業(yè)需要。1.D根據(jù)空格后面的By helping.可知該空應(yīng)該是針對方式的提問,故選D項。2.A由下文可知A項內(nèi)容符合此處語境。3.C由上下文語境中的“new”“different”及“materials”可知答案。4.F空格后是三個連續(xù)的問題,F項中的“ask questions”與之照應(yīng)。5.G空格后面一句話中的express thoughts and ideas與G項中的communicate ideas照應(yīng)。難句分析難句分析原句:By helping them develop

56、 classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.分析:這其實不是一個完整的句子。“By helping them develop classic skills”,用來回答上句話中how的提問。“that will serve them well”為定語從句,修飾先行詞classic skills。“no matter what the future holds”為讓步狀語從句,修飾前面定語從句中的謂語動詞serve。譯文:幫助他們發(fā)展經(jīng)典技能,不論未來會怎么樣,都會對他們有幫助。高考熱詞高考熱詞

57、Passage 31.pancake pnkek n.薄烤餅2.creativity krietvt n.創(chuàng)造力;創(chuàng)造性3.interpersonal ntpsnl adj.人與人之間的;人際關(guān)系的4.false conclusions錯誤的結(jié)論B B組組 課標(biāo)課標(biāo)、及其他省及其他省( (區(qū)、市區(qū)、市) )卷題組卷題組Group 1Passage 1(2019課標(biāo)全國)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking hims

58、elf the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 1 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay unde-cided.2 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to ev

59、al-uate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when

60、your heart is not in your work. 3 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity (清晰) of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Rememb