1、牛津譯林版7BUnit3語法及知識點Grammar名詞所有格的構成及用法名詞在句中表示所有關系、所屬關系、動作執行者及動作承受者等意義時常需用所有格形式。名詞所有格也稱為屬格、主格，它主要包括s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三種表現形式。定義：表示有生命的東西的名詞及某些表示時間、距離、星球、世界、國家等無生命的東西的名詞后加來表示所有關系，叫做名詞所有格。名詞所有格的用法：一、名詞+ ' s (主要用于有生命的事物)1、單數名詞和不以-s結尾的復數名詞在詞尾加構成所有格例如：Jimmy' s book (吉米白書)Jane' s schoolbag簡的書包)Child

2、ren ' s Day(t的節日、六一兒童節)Wuhan' s summer is very hot武漢的夏天非常熱。) 2、復數名詞以-s結尾的只需要加構成所有格。例如：Twins' father is Mr. Brown.砥胞胎的爸爸是布朗先生。)二、名詞 +of +名詞如果名詞是無生命的，我們通常就要用名詞+of +名詞的結構來表示所有關系。例如： A bag of mine= my bag (我的書包) The name of the girl =the girl' 汝ame 名字 )The window of the bedroom = the bed

3、room' 臥Window1 )三、特殊所有格若一樣東西為兩人共有，則后一個人名用所有格；如果不是兩人共有，而是各有各的，則兩個名詞都 用所有格，且其后名詞應為復數。例如：This is Tom and Jim ' s room.這是湯姆和吉姆共有的房間。These are Tom ' s and Jim ' s rooms是湯姆和杰森各自的房間。步行一個半小時的路程：四. 's所有格所修飾的詞的省略現象(1)表示診所、店鋪或某人的家等地點名詞，其名詞所有格后的被修飾語常常省略。例如：I met her at the doctor's ( off

4、ice).我在診所遇見了 她。He has gone to the tailor's (shop).他到服裝店去了。(2)名詞所有格所修飾的詞，如果前面已經提到過，往往可以省略，以免重復。例如：Whose pen is this ? It's Tom's.這是誰的鋼筆？是湯姆的。The bike is not mine , but Wang Pinpin's .這輛自行車不是我的，是王品品的。五.雙重所有格及其用法's所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結合在一起，構成"of +所有格”形式，即雙重的所有格。它通常表示部分觀念，即全體中的一部分，在

5、意義上與"one of.”相似，它主要修飾 of短語之前的那個名詞。此外，雙重所有格與指示代詞連用時，常帶有感情色彩，如贊賞、不滿、厭惡等。它的主要形式如下：1 .名詞+ of +名詞性物主代詞。例如：a good friend of mine 我的個好朋友an interesting story of his 他的有趣的經歷2 .名詞+ of+'s所有格。例如：He is a friend of my sister's . (= one of my sister's friends ) 他是我姐姐的一個朋友Look at that long nose of

6、Jack's .看杰克的那個長鼻子。(感情色彩)試比較：a picture of Xiao Zhanga picture of Xiao Zhang's3 .不定冠詞、數詞、某些不定代詞( some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定詞，一般不與形 容詞性物主代詞或s所有格等一起放在名詞前修飾名詞，而采用of所有格或雙重所有格形式。例如：most of the students學生中的大多數three of them 他們中的三個人I have read some books of his . 我讀過他的些書Which book of Qiong Y

7、ao's have you read ?你讀過瓊瑤的哪一本書?A. 's所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三者之間的細微區別 請仔細比較下面三句話：1. She is Mary's brother's friend .2. She is a friend of Mary's brother .3. She is a friend of Mary's brother's .人稱代詞和物主代詞 一、人稱代詞人稱單數復數主格賓格主格賓格第人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞

8、主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象，一般放在動詞后面。Give it to me. Let ' s go (let ' s =let us)形容詞性物主代詞 而名詞性物主代詞 如：、物主代詞數 稱單數復數釬第二第三第一第二第三類別人稱人稱人稱人稱人稱人稱形容詞性物主 代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代 詞mineyourshishersitsour

9、syourstheirs(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+ 名詞Is this your book?(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs則相單于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞，故其后不必加名詞。No, it isn , 'itt' s hers(her book) Jim' s Tom' 5 Maria ' s練習一、用適當的人稱代詞填空：1. is my aunt. We often visit. ( she )2. China is a developing country.is in the

10、 east of Asia. ( its )3. I own a blue bike. The red oneisn ' . ( I )4. These new houses are so nice.are very expensive.( them )5. The fishermen caught a lot of fish,didn ' t? ( them )6. Ling Ling is a girl.studies in a primary school.brother lives with and helps _ with lessons. ( she )7. Mik

11、e is my classmate.is good at English . ( his )8. Kate wants a glass of milk. W川 you pass it to? (she )9. What' the weather like today ?is cloudy. ( its )二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性而父詞填空1. I ate all sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of? ( you )2. George has lost( his ) pen. Ask Mary if(是否)she will le

12、nd him. ( she )3. Jack has a dog and so have I.( he ) dog and( I ) had a fightT架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of are coming to see us. ( they )6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of. (we )三、用括號中的適當形式填空I.Are these(you) penc

13、ils? Yes, they are(our).2.Whose is this pencil? It 'q(I).1.1 love(they) very much.1.5 he is(I) classmate.5 .Miss Li often looks after (she) brother.6 .Are these(they) bags ?No, they aren ' (their) . They are(we)1 Neil's mother is calling him from the UK.Call動詞叫，呼喚例：馬上叫個醫生來。稱為例：他的朋友叫他鮑勃。名

14、詞 打電話，通話 例：Tim,有你的電話2 Mr Wu is asking Amy which things belong to which people.belong to意為“屬于”，后接某人或人稱代詞賓格。如：This key ring belongs to me. 這個鑰匙圈是我的。all over 遍及遍及全世界注意：belong to后不能使用名詞所有格或物主代詞，且 belong to不可用于進行時 如：這車屬于她。3 They're all over the place.遍及全中國瞧。大廳里到處都是瓶子。Integrated skills1 Here is the po

15、ster.is還是are取決于后面以here開頭的句子，如果主語是名詞，則用倒裝語序，連系動詞是用的名詞是單數還是復數。例：有張卡片給你。注意：當主語是代詞時，不用倒裝語序。Here they come.他們來了 ；here it is 它在這里； here you are 給你2 Go to Huangji Palace to see works of art at 11 a.m.Works of art 藝術品Work 作品，著作可數名詞工作、勞動不可數名詞（與job）4 It's about 40 minutes by bus.It is +所需時間+ （from S to B

16、） by +交通工具/on foot 表示“（從A地到B地）距離”句型。 也可表示成：It is +所需時間名詞的所有格 +walk/ride/drive （+from A to B）例：從蘇州到南京開車大約兩個小時。（兩種方式）Study skills1 However, the words are not equally important. 然而，單詞并不都同等重要。However副詞，不過，然而 有轉折的含義 可位于句首、句中或句末，用逗號將句子分隔。But連詞，可位于句首、句中， 后面連接一個句子時無需逗號。例：我的房間雖小，但是很舒服。2 I am talking about a

17、bookshop , not another kind of shop.Another另一個，再一個后接可數名詞單數，通常指用于三者或三者以上人或物中的另一個。區分 other, the other, others, the others, anotherotherthe otherothersthe othersanother例如：Oh, the traffic is so heavy.Let's change route to the airport.A other B others C the other D anotherTask1 I'm going to show

18、you around my hometown.show sb aroundshow 及物動詞名詞例 Peter will帶領某人參觀給看給某人看某物展覽展出A lead toyou _B showthearound花展building and you can meet everyone.C compare with D brush off2 can smell the flowers and hear the birds.我可以聞花香聽鳥兒唱歌。(1) smell動詞，意為“聞；嗅”，后接名詞作賓語。如：Smell it and tell me what it is.你聞聞看，告訴我是什么。(

19、2) smell還可以用連系動詞，后常接形容詞作表語。如：Do these flowed smell sweet?這花聞起來香嗎？(3) hear sb do sth意為“聽見某人做某事"。如：I often hear her sing in the room.我經常聽見她在房間唱歌。(4) hear sb doing意為“聽見某人在做(一個正在進行的動作)如:I heard someone laughing in the room.我聽見隔壁房間里有人在笑。除hear外，see、watch、feel、notice 等動詞也有同樣的用法。例：The air fresh after t

20、he rain. And the sky is blue.A feels B tastes C smells D sounds3 Sometimes we row a boat there.Sometimes 副詞 有時 =at times區分 sometimes > some times、 sometime > some timesometimessome timessometimesome time5 They are all friendly.friendly 形容詞 友好的對某人友好 be friendly to sb. =be kind to sbbe friendly

21、with sb和某大關系好”或 某人要好”，指的是兩者的關系6 I hope you can come and visit soon!hope to do sth , 表示希望Hope及物動詞 希望，用于表示可能實現的愿望，其后接動詞不定式做賓語，即 做某事。若要表達“希望；”，則需要用“ hope that +從句”wish也是希望、祝愿的意思。wish 做動詞祝愿某人某事 wish sb sth ;希望(某人)做某事 wish (sb) to do sth ；表示難以實現的愿望wish that +從句。做名詞常用復數，表示祝愿。向你致以美好的祝愿！根據句意及相關提示寫出正確的單詞1. S

22、ome farmers in my town r cows and make a lot of money.2. What do you think of the cake?-It s good.3. How fast he is d the car! Its so dangerous.4. On(woman) Day, my mother often goes shopping with her friends.5. We must learn to read our books(quiet) in the library.6. I often go to the shopping mall

23、 with my parents(two) a week.7. These(student) hometown is near the capital of(they) country.8. The girl in a white dress is a friend of(he).用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空1.1. Mr Li teaches(I) English.2 . Mr Li teaches(I) sister English.3 .(they) are our teachers. Where are(you)?4 .Her shoes are next to(I).(she) ar

24、e very nice.5 .(Simon) father is good at English.6 .-Where is Mike? -He is in our Maths(teacher) office.7 .My favourite festival is(child) Day.8 .Excuse me, but I cant find(man) room.9 .Can you tell me the way to(people) Park?9.1. I will tell as soon as(he) comes back.11.loves(she) notebook very muc

25、h.12.We want to borrow storybook from(you).1.It takes about twenty minutes(get) to the center of the town.2 .Why not(visit) our local theatre with us?3 .Were happy(invite) you to a farewell party for our friends.4 .Does your brother enjoy(eat) Chinese food?5 .-you(try) to learn Beijing opera?Yes, I am.6 .What will you do when you(be) free tomorrow?7 .There(be) a new bridge over the Changjiang River in several years.1. Listen, someone(sing) Beijing opera in the park.2. -they(have) a Christmas party next week? -Yes, they are.3. Our school(plan) a trip