1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上牛津高一英語知識點講解動詞的時態語態1、 一般現在時的用法1) 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sundaye.g.每天早上我七點離家上學。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天他騎車上班。 He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。e.g.地球繞著太陽轉。 The earth moves around the sun. 上海位于中國的東部。 Shanghai lies in the

2、 east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。e.g.Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。注意：此兩種用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。e.g.安英語寫得好但說得不好。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.知識擴展：一般現在時表將來或正在進行1）下列動詞：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的

3、一般現在時表將來，主要指按規定或計劃好的將來的動作，常跟上時間狀語。-When will the train be off ?- It _B_ at 3:15 p.m. A is leaving B leaves C has left D has been left2）以here, there 開頭的感嘆句中用一般現在時代替進行時表示瞬間動作。Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中，用一般現在時表將來。The water will be furth

4、er polluted unless some measures _B_ .A will be taken B are takenC were taken D had been taken4）表示狀態和感覺的動詞。如：be, like, feel , hate , think , stay, sound , taste 等常用一般現在時。e.g. The news sounds good.6) 在某些短語（make/be sure , make certain , look out , take care , see to it )的從句中常用一般現在時表將來e.g. You must mak

5、e sure the door is closed before you leave the lab.2.現在進行時1）表示此時正在進行或發生的動作,或用以描述一個頻繁發生的動作.e.g. The telephone is ringing. Would you answer it , please ?2) 表示當前一段時間（或現階段）正在進行而此刻不一定正在進行的動作句中常有: these days , this week.e.g. Is this raincoat yours? - No , mine _A_ there behind the door.A is hanging B has

6、hung C hangs D hung3) 位移動詞用現在進行時表將來通常有： come, go , move , fly , leave , arrivee.g. He is leaving for Shanghai.4) 句中有always, constantly, frequently, forever , 常用現在進行時表示一種感情色彩或強調情況的暫時性e.g. She is always helping others.5) 按計劃一般不易改變的動作，除了用一般現在時，也可用現在進行時e.g. The plane is leaving at 12 p.m.6) 帶有一種婉轉的語氣e.g

7、. Im hoping to get a letter from you soon. Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _D_ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone

8、 for personal use is no easy task because technology _A_ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change知識擴展：不用進行時的動詞1) 事實狀態的動詞。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs t

9、o my sister.2) 心理狀態的動詞。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much 3）系動詞。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn You seem a little ti

10、red.3.現在完成時have / has done- Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all . I _A_ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 1) for+ 一段時間，放在句末時，可以省去for , 但如放在句首或否定句中for 不省略2) 某些固定句型： a. This / It / That is the first (second) time +句子（通常用現在完成時）e.g. This is the second cigarette I

11、have smoked today. It is the third time that Kate has been ill , isnt it ? b. This is the + 最高級名詞句子（現在完成時）e.g. This is the best film I have ever seen . c. This is (the only) one of +名詞句子（現在完成時）e.g. He is one of the brightest students who have graduated from our school.(1) - Do you know our town at a

12、ll? - No, this is the first time I _B_ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _D_ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。(對）I haven't received his letter for

13、almost a month. (對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. . _C_ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 說明：此題的干擾源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次電話是用來表示結果的，只能用現在完成時；而每次她都占線是表示過去的動作，所以用一般過去時。. - You havent be

14、en to Beijing, have you?- _D_. How I wish to go there! (98 N)A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I haventC. No, I haveD. No, I havent） have been to 去過, 現在不在那兒 have gone to 已去了，現在可能在那兒，可能在路上4） should have done 本該做某事 shouldnt have done 本不該做某事 would have done 本想做某事 need have done 本有必要做某事 must have done 一定做過某事.現在完成進行

15、時過去發生的動作持續到現在并可能繼續發生。have / has been doing1）不可以用于進行時態的動詞，如；be , like, know , see, hear , belong , hate等，也不能用于現在完成進行時）用“how long ”結構征詢目前正在進行的動作時，習慣上用現在完成進行時e.g. How long have you been learning French? - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _C_ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had pa

16、inted C. have been paintingD. have painted說明：這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現在完成進行時表示從過去開始的一個動作一直持續到現在，而且還在進行當中。強調的是“一直在做”。8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_B_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider說明：她“一直在考慮返校”是現在完成

17、進行時，“還沒作決定”是現在的結果。5.一般過去時）.表示一個發生在過去某一特定時間的動作或狀態，一種過去的習慣和一個在過去某一時間中已結束的動作1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _B_! (98 N) A. promisesB. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _B_ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry3. - You

18、havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _D_ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say）表示過去經常發生的動作或習慣性動作，也可用used to do 或would doe.g. I would swim in the river during the vocation . Mother

19、 used to tell us stories when we were young.3)表示“原來”時，經常用一般過去時，近幾年的考題多涉及這一用法。e.g. I didnt know you were here. - Oh, its you ! I didnt recognize you.The pen I _D_ I _D_ is on my desk.A think , lost B thought , had lostC think , had lost D thought, have lost 4) 當我們按照時間順序來談論過去連續發生的兩個或兩個以上的動作時，常用一般過去時e.

20、g. On Saturday afternoon , Mrs. Green went to the market , bought some bananas and visited her cousin.5) 一般過去時在一些虛擬語氣中表示與現在或將來的動作相反e.g. Its timeI wish + that (用一般過去時）as ifI would rathere.g. Its time we started our work.I wish I were an engineer.I would rather you didnt do that now6.過去進行時）過去某個時間正在進行或

21、正在發生的動作，也可能表示過去一段時間內發生的動作e.g. Hey, look where you are going. -Oh, Im terribly sorry. _B_.A Im not noticing B I wasnt noticingC I havent noticed D I dont notice-Excuse me , sir. Would you do me a favor?-Of course. What is it?-I _B_ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A had wondered B was w

22、onderingC would wonder D did wonder2) 過去進行時的另一種主要用法是描述某一件事發生的背景（句子中的兩個動作，背景動作時間長，但另一個短動作更重要，因此，短動作用一般過去時，背景動作用過去進行時e.g. It _was snowing _(snow) as they _made_ (make) their way to the front. Tom_ _slipped_ (slip) into the house when no one_looking_ (look)3) 和現在進行時一樣，與always , constantly, frequently,

23、forever 等連用，表示一種感情色彩e.g. He was making trouble all the time.7.過去完成時到過去某個時間為止已發生的動作,用過去完成時. had donee.g. Helen _C_ her keys in the office , so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A has left , comes B left, had come C had left , came D had left , would come2) 用于it was +時間since引導的從句中e.g. I said i

24、t was at least ten years since I _had enjoyed_ ( enjoy ) a good time.3) scarcely /hardly +had done+ when no sooner +had done + than 剛就e.g. We had scarcely got in the grain when it began to rain.He _D_ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.A has no sooner got B no sooner gotC will no sooner

25、 get D had no sooner got4) 有些動詞如: hope , plan , think , want , mean , suppose , intend 等動詞的過去完成時，可用來表示過去未曾實現的想法、希望、打算或意圖e.g. I had hoped you would turn a university student.5) 用在if only , would rather, wish 是虛擬語氣及虛擬條件句中，表示與過去的事實相反e.g. If only I had taken his advice. I would rather you had told me th

26、e truth. I wish I had seen you yesterday.）用于某些固定句型中 It was the first time +從句e.g. It was the first time that he had sung in English.6. The little girl _B_ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried,

27、 has lostD. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _D_ without me. (05江西卷) Awent  Bare going  Chave gone  Dhad gone 8 過去完成進行時指到過去某個時間為止一直在進行的動作，并有繼續發生的可能性had been doinge.g. It had been raining for a week by then.9 一般將

28、來時表現的形式很多，如下：be going to 常用來表示已決定或安排要做的事或打算，也可用于必然或很可能發生的事，或者已有客觀跡象表明將要發生的情況e.g. Look at those clouds! It _is going to rain_ (rain)2) shall / will 表示臨時決定做某事，還可以表示意愿e.g. Ill tell you about it if you will listen to me.- Youve left the light on.- Oh, so I have. _A_ and turn it off.A Ill go B Ive gone C

29、 I go D Im going3) 由表示位移的動詞的進行時表將來e.g. When are the men coming from England?be to do 表示約定的或按職責、義務、要求即將發生的動作，還可表示注定要發生的動作、意圖、可能性e.g. I feel it is your husband who _is to blame _ (blame) for the spoilt child.5) be about to 表示即將發生的動作，但不與時間狀語連用e.g. She is about to set off.6) be due to 表示將來的用法與時刻表或計劃有關e.

30、g. The train to Beijing is due to arrive at 12:15.高考題點擊：1. If a man _B_ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Sorry I forgot to post the letter for you. - Never mind, _A_ it myself tonight. A. Im going to post B. Id better to post C. Ill post D I

31、d rather10.過去將來時多由 would do 構成1）從過去的觀點看將要發生的事情e.g. He told us that the journey would be exciting.2) 表示過去的習慣性動作e.g. He would bring something nice to me when he was young.3) 表示客氣的請求e.g. Would you mind if I smoke?11將來完成時 shall/ will have done常與by和 before引導的將來時間連用e.g. By the end of next month, we surely

32、 _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding12將來進行時 will / shall be doing表示將來某個時刻正在進行或發生的動作，常有時間狀語e.g. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly高考題點擊：1. - Can I join the

33、club, Dad? - You can when you _A_ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _B_. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _C_for Londo

34、n to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _B_ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had left5. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (20

35、02上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate說明：by the time 引導的是時間狀語從句，故不能使用將來時。D選項雖可考慮，但 be to 結構大多用來表示“義務、決定、職責、約定”等，與句意不合。注意：賓語從句中，主句是現在的時態，從句的時態不受限制；主句是過去的時態，從句要用過去的某一時態從句是客觀真理時，從句不受主句時態的影響定語從句，比較狀語從句不受主句時態的影響被 動 語 態1.被動語態由助動詞be + done 在be動詞，情態動詞和助動詞后面加be動詞的各種形式，如：being, been , be等e.g. He is reading a book. A book is being read by him. They would buy the house. The house would be bought by them.I have seen the fil