1、1. A word is _ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. A.a minimal free form B.a smallest meaningful unit C. an element which can not be further analyzed D. a grammatically minimal form2. Which of the following statements is Not correct?      

2、;        A.     A word can be formed by two free morphemes B.     A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme C.     A word can be formed by two bound morphemes D.    

3、A word can be formed by any two affixes. 3. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _. A. logical B. arbitrary C. inherent D. automatic        4. In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds, whic

4、h shows _.A.     the relationship between sound and meaning can not be established. B.     there are different logical relations between sound and meaning C.     the relation between sound and meaning is a matter of conventionD.  

5、   the concepts are not really the same            5. The pronunciation of a language has changed more _ than spelling over the years. A. systematically B. arbitrarily C. logically D. rapidly       &#

6、160;   1. The Indo-European language family consists of_.   A.     all the languages in Europe and India B.     all the languages in India and some languages in Europe. C.     most of the languages of Europe, the Near Ea

7、st, and India. D.     Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East 2. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be _.  A.     A highly inflected language. B.     A highly developed language.

8、C.     A very difficult language. D.     A language of leveled endings. 3. The Eastern set of Indo-European language family includes such languages as _. A.     Polish, Welsh and Hindi B.     English, French and Russian

9、C.     German, Persian and Irish D.     Armenian, Albanian and Bulgarian 4. The Germanic family consists of the four European languages: _. A.     Slovenian, Czech, Romany and Italic B.     Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish a

10、nd Swedish C.     Scottish, Irish, Welsh and Breton D.     Portuguese, Italian, English and German 5. _ only made a small contribution to the English vocabulary. A. Latin B. Celtic C. Danish D. Spanish 6. The first peoples known to inhabit what is now Eng

11、land are _.  A. Anglo-SaxonsB. French speaking Normans C. Celts D. Jutes 7. English is more closely related to _.  A. German than French. B. French than German C. Welsh than German D. Irish than Dutch 8. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creati

12、on of new words by means of _.  A. translation-loans B. semantic loans C. word formation D. borrowings 9. Old English vocabulary was in essence _ with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.  A. Celtic B. Germanic C. Roman D. Irish 10. English has evolved from _.

13、60; A.     an analytic language to a synthetic language B.     a Celtic language to a British language C.     analytic language to a less inflectional language D.     a synthetic language to an analytic language 1. The r

14、elationship between the word-form and meaning is _. Most words can be said to be_. A. prescriptive, motivated B. prescriptive, non-motivated C. arbitrary, motivatedD. arbitrary, non-motivated 2.Which of the following is incorrect? A. “airmail” means “mail by air” B. “reading-lamp” means “l(fā)amp for re

15、ading” C. “green horn” is the horn green in color D. “hopeless” is “without hope” 3. _ explains the connection between the literal sense and triturative sense of the word. A. Etymological motivationB. Onomatopoetic motivation C. Morphological motivationD. Semantic motivation 4. Now people use “pen”

16、for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feature”. This phenomenon can be explained by_ . A. etymological motivationB. onomatopoetic motivation C. morphological motivation D. semantic motivation 5._ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. A. Grammatical m

17、eaningB. Denotative meaning C. Associative meaning D. Connotative meaning 6. When readers come across the word “home” in reading, they may be reminded of their family, friends, warmth, safety, love. That is because of the “home” has _. A. collocationsB. connotations C. denotationsD. perorations 7. “

18、Domicile, residence, abode, home” are almost the same in conceptual meaning, but differ mainly in_. A. connotative meaning B. affective meaning C. collocative meaning D. stylistic meaning 8. _ vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture, from generation to generation, from society to

19、 society. A. Connotative and affection meanings B. Connotative and collcational meanings C. Affective and collocational meanings D. Affective and stylistic meanings 9. “Pretty and handsome”, “tremble and quiver” differ mainly in their _ meanings. A. affective B. collocativeC. stylisticD. denota

20、tive   1.The word“treacle”has the following senses: (1)wild beast; (2)remedy for bites of venomous beasts; (3)antidote for poison or remedy for poison; (4)any effective remedy; (5)(BrE)molasses. What semantic process has“treacle”undergone?   A. centralization B. radiation C. concatena

21、tionD. narrowing 2.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?   A. dear (a loved person)deer (a kind of animal) B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)bow(the device used for shooting) C. bank(the edge of the river)bank (an establishment for money business) D. right (correct)write

22、(put down on paper with a pen) 3.The following are the main sources of homonyms except _.   A. change in meaning B. change in sound C .change in spelling D. borrowing 4.“Charm and glamour”，“ranch and ran”are two pairs of synonyms resulting from_.   A. borrowing B. dialects a

23、nd regional English C. figurative and euphemistic use of words D. with idiomatic expressions 5.“win” and “gain the upper hand”，“hesitate” and“ be in two minds”are two pairs of synonyms resulting from _.    A. coincidence with idiomatic expressions. B. figurative and euphemistic u

24、se of words. C. dialects and regional English. D. borrowing 1. The part of a piece of writing or speech which surrounds a word and helps to explain its meaning is called _. A.     Linguistic context B.     Grammatical context C.     Extra-l

25、inguistic context D.     Para-linguistic context 2. In a broad sense, extra-linguistic context includes_. A.     stress B.     time C.     intonation D.     word order 3. From the phrase “ a white pap

26、er”, we know that the meaning of the word “paper” here is “document”. This shows that the _ context can define the meaning of a word. A. extra-linguistic B. grammatical C. lexical D. situational 4. The meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. The structure in which t

27、he word in question appears can be called _D_ context. A.     situational B.     morphological C.     lexical 5. In a narrow sense, context refers to _ in which a word appears. A. the words B clauses C. sentences D. All of the above 6. The

28、extra-linguistic context many extend to embrace _. A. grammatical context B. lexical context C. cultural context D. linguistic context. 7. In different countries, “trade union” can be interpreted in different ways. This means that _ may have a defining influence on the meaning of an expression. A. l

29、inguistic context B. collocation of words C. a compound word or a phrase D. cultural background 8. The words that occur together with the word in question are often termed as_. A. grammatical context B. compound words C. lexical context D. situational context 1.More than one variant, which can reali

30、ze some morphemes according to the position in a word, are termed . A. phonemes B. allomorphs C. morphs D. phones 2. In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and -er" are . A. prefixes B. suffixes C. free morphemesD. bound morphemes 3.

31、 is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning but has to be used in combination with other morphemes to make words.  A. Free root B. Bound root C. Morpheme D. Bound morpheme 4. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as .  A. mo

32、rphemes B. derivational morphemes C. inflectional morphemes D. suffixes 5. is the basic form of a word, which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity.  A. Stem B. Root C. Morpheme D. Affix 6. A may consist of a single morpheme as in "iron" or of two morphemes as i

33、n a compound like "handcuff".  A. stem, root, root B. root, stem, stemC. stem, stem, root D. root, root, stem 1. The new words produced from shortening including clipping and acronyms amount to of all the new words. A. 30% to 40%B. 28% to 30%C. 8% to 10%D. 1% to 5%   2. is d

34、efined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as . A. derivation, affixationB. affixation, derivation C. derivative, affixationD. affixation, derivative  3."De-, dis-, un- ," in "de-compose, disunite, unwrap&qu

35、ot;, are called . A. pejorative prefixesB. negative prefixes C. reservative prefixesD. miscellaneous prefixes  4. "Hyper-, macro-, mini-, sub-, super-, ultra-", belong to . A. prefixes of orientationB. prefixes of attitude C. prefixes of degree or sizeD. prefixes of time and order

36、0; 5. belong to pejorative prefixes. A. anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-B. auto-, neo-, pan-, vice- C. de-, dis-, un- D. mal-, mis-, pseudo-  6. "Pan-European" means . A. for EuropeB. against EuropeC. the whole of EuropeD. former Europe  7."Profiteer, engineer, priestess, kitc

37、henette, booklet " are called . A. concrete deverbal nounsB. concrete denominal nouns C. abstract denominal nounsD. abstract deverbal nouns  8. "Productivity, happiness, largeness" fall into the group of . A. Deverbal nounsB. Denominal nouns C. De-adjectivenounsD. De-adverb nouns

38、  9. belong to deverbal suffixes. A. -able, -iveB. -ly, -wardC. -ate, -en D. -ful, -less,  10. When we use "a green hand " to mean "an inexperienced person", "a black horse" to mean "an unexpected winner", we should read them as . A. a green 'han

39、d, a 'black horseB. a 'green hand, a 'black horse C. a green 'hand, a black 'horseD. a 'green hand, a black 'horse  11. Sometimes, the meaning of a compound can be inferred from its separate elements, for example, .  A. hot dog B. red meatC. flower potD. fat hea

40、d 12. The following can be changed into plural forms by adding inflectional -s directly to their ends, except .  A. brother-in-lawB. threeyear-oldC. major general D. new-born 13. The meanings of many compounds and derivatives are the total of the combined.  A. morphs B. allomorphs C. roots

41、D. morphemes 14. Which group of the following are the noun compounds acceptable in English? A. breakout, downfall, intake, downslide B. outbreak, three-leg, outcry, breakthrough C. runaway, hangover, going-over, upbringing D. stockholder, brainstorming, deadline, easy-going  15. Which group of

42、the following are the adjective compounds acceptable in English ? A. far-reachng, forth-coming, air-conditioning, on -going. B. ten-story, five-leg, moon-walk, wading bind C. deaf-mute, bitter-sweet, one-eyed, air-conditioned D. proof-reading, mass production, warweary, stone-hearted  16. Which

43、 of the following statements is false?A. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class. B. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns, verbs and adverbs. C. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns. D. The conve

44、rsion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.  17. Which group of the following is partially converted when used as nouns? A. poor, young, affluent, drunkB. poor, corrupt, rich, affluent C. poor, newly-wed, drinkable, whiteD. white, final, native, liberal  18.“Omnibus, eart

45、hquake, discotheque” are replaced by “bus, quake, disco” respectively in the way of . A. conversion B. clipping C. acronymD. backformation  19. Which group of the following are acronyms? A. VOA, AIDS, BASIC, D-DayB. CORE, Laser, TEFL, NATO C. G-man, BBC, BASIC, NATOD. TV, ID, TB, UFO20. The mos

46、t productive means of word-formation in modern English are the following except . A. compounding B. affixationC. acronym D. conversion According to the given meaning, Choose the proper form of the English idiom from the four alternative answers. 1.forever A. till cows come home B. till the cows

47、 come home C. till bulls come home D. till the bulls come home2.deep in thought  A. in a brown study B. in a red study C. in a green study D. in a dark study3.Support only in words, not in fact   A. mouth service B. lip service C. brain trust D. mind trust4.quite certainly 

48、 A. sure as egg is egg B. sure as a egg is a egg C. sure as eggs are eggs    D. sure as eggs is eggs5.naked    A. in the air B. in the open C. in the raw D. in the straw6.something useless and unwanted but big and costly   A. white elephant B. dark elepha

49、nt C. white horse D. dark horse7.most important and essential part    A. might and main B. bag and baggage C. sum and substance  D. part and parcel8.damage from continuous use    A. fair and spare B. toil and moil C. wear and tear D. kith and kin9.the member though

50、t to be a disgrace in the family   A. black sheep B. a dark horse C. gray mare D. white elephant10.through all difficulties and troubles   A. through high and low B. through thick and thin C .from head to foot D. from start to finish Each of the statements below is followed

51、by four alternative answers. Choose the best one. 1.Among the following idioms, which one is nominal in nature as far as syntactic function is concerned.   A.flesh and blood B.heart and soul C.tooth and nail D.high and low2.Strictly speaking,idioms are expressions that are not readily understan

52、dable from their of individual   elements.   A.grammatical meaning B.literal meaning C.deep meaning D.structural meaning3.The structure of an idiom is to a large extent .    A.flexible B.changeable C.unchangeable D.none of the above4.Duplication of synonyms is call

53、ed .    A.repetition B.reiteration C.juxtaposition D.metaphor5. refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it.  A.Euphemism B.Personification C.Synecdoche D Metonymy6.The meaning of the idiom black bottle is .   A.poison

54、B.alcoholic drink C.bottle that is black in color    D.bottle bought in an illegal way7.What figure of speech is applied in the following idioms "the salt of the earth" "snake in the grass".  A.personification B.euphemism C.metonymy D.metaphor8.Failure is the

55、mother of success, in the idiom, is used.  A.simile B.synecdoche C.personification D.euphemism9.Which of the following idioms means things of little value?  A.ways and means B.odds and ends C.bed of dust D.flat tire10.Addition,deletion,replacement,dismembering,etc. are _ .   A.le

56、xical manipulation B.rhetorical features C.figures of speech D.variation of idioms11.New brooms sweep clean,wash one dirty linen in public is first used by _ .   A.fishermen B.seamen C.farmers D.housewives Say whether the following statements are true or false. T1.Idioms each consist of mo

57、re than one word, but lots of them function as one word. F2.The meaning of idioms always have logical relationship with the literal meaning of individual words. T3.The constituents of an idiom cannot be changed ,not even one article. F4.The structural stability is absolute in actual use. F5.Stylisti

58、cally speaking,most idioms are either formal or informal. F6.Since each idiom is a semantic whole,each can be replaced by a single word. F7.All the idioms that function as adjectives consist of adjectives. F8.A large proportion of idioms were first created by working people.AS a result,most of them

59、are now still confined to limited group of people engaged in the same trade or activity. T9.Large numbers of idioms are used in their metaphorical meaning. T10.Both metonymy and synecdoche involve substitution of names,yet they differ from each another. T11.The position of certain constituents in so

60、me idioms can be shifted without any change in meaning. T12.In some cases,idioms can be broken un into pieces to achieve special effect. T13.Though idioms are peculiar to the native culture and language, many images created by them are expressive, effective and impressive even to foreign learners 1.A dog is called a “dog” because the sound and the three letters that make up the word automatically suggest the animal in question.