1、1 / 7語法專題Module 1簡單句：由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）構成 一.五種基本句型：1.王語+系動詞+表語 （S+V+P） He is happy.2.主語+不及物動詞+（狀語）（S+V ） He is swimming.3.主語+及物動詞+賓語+（狀語）（S+V+O ）Isaw him just now.4.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+間接賓語5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語.練習：寫出下列句子的基本成分。(S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,(S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike

2、 to me.(S+V+O+OC) The good n ews made us happy.1.He likes music very much.2.The soup tastes salty.3.She works very hard.4.My teacher asked me to come a little earlier n ext time.5.My father bought me a computer.Module 2賓語從句：是一個復合句，復合句也稱主從句，即主句和從句。1.定義：在句子充當賓語的從句女口：He says that he is going to the cin

3、 ema.The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.2.結構：1）主句+that+從句（that 沒有意義，可省略）2）主句+if/ whethbr not （是否）+ 從句（3） 主句 + 疑問詞（what, where , how, why ）+ 從句如：I believe （that）we will become good friends 我相信我們會成為好朋友。He asks whether/ if we will go fishi ng on Sun day.他問周日我們是否會出去釣魚。I understand wh

4、y they like computer games so much.我理解他們為什么如此喜歡電腦游戲。3. 時態：（1）主句是一般現在時，從句可以是任何時態。I hear that Peter bought a new computer yesterday.（主句用一般現在時，從句用過去時）Tom wants to know what his brother will do next Sunday.（主句用一般現在時，從句用將來時）The little girl can show me where she lives.（主句用一般現在時，從句也用一般現在時）2. 如果王句的時態是一般過去時，

5、賓語從句只能用過去的某種時態如：David told me that he was very tired.（主句用一般過去過去時，從句也用過去時）3. 如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態常用一般現在時。例如：2 / 7如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.（主句用一般過去時，從句用現在 時）如何改為賓語從句（三關）1. 引導詞關1陳述句，引導詞用 that （that 在口語或非正式文體中常省略）;2一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether ；3特殊疑問句，引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2. 語序關1陳

6、述句 變為賓語從句， 語序不變 ，即仍用陳述語序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.TThe teacher said （that） he was an honest boy.2一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句， 語序變為陳述語序 。如：Does he work hard ？ I wonder.tI wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave ？I dont know.tI dont know when he left.3. 時態關1如果主句是現在的時態，從句的時態可根據實際情況而定。如：2

7、如果主句是過去的某種時態，那么從句的時態一定要用過去的某種時態。如： 注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現象等時，不管主句是什么時態，從句都要用 一般現在時。練習題1. Miss Green didn ttell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2.I don t know when _.A.will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D

8、. the train leave3. -We don t know _ .-It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from4. Were not sure if it _tomorrow. If it _ ， we wont climb the SouthHill.A. will snow ； snows B. will snow ； will snow C. snows； snows D. sn

9、ows； will snowModule 3動詞不定式（to do）和動名詞（v-ing ）有些動詞后面需加 to do 或-ing 來把意思補充完整。接 to do 的單詞多為打算”、計劃”、“希望”之類的動詞，而這些動詞都表示未來。接-ing 形式的動詞要么表示是正在進行，要么表示一般性或經常性行為。有的動詞既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接 to do 的動詞有 :（1） 四個希望兩答應：hope/ want/ wish/ would like to agree/ promise（2）兩個要求加拒絕：demand/ ask/ refuse（3）設法學會做決定：manage/

10、 learn/ decide（4）不要假裝在選擇： pretend/ choose二. 接-ing 的動詞有： enjoy/ finish/ practise/ keep/ be busy/ feel like doing sth3 / 7三.既可以接 to do,也可以接-ving 的動詞有 hate,like, love, begin/start （意思一樣）， remember, forget, continue/ go on, stop, try,mean, regret（意思不一樣）4 / 71.Would you like_(have) a cup of tea?2.I，m ver

11、y tired, let stop_(have) a rest.3.I asked why he smiled, but he couldn t remember_(smile) at me.4.He wants_(buy) a new bike.5.You must keep_ (practice)_ (speak) En glish every day.6.Have you fini shed_ (read) the book?7.I decide_ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8.My sister enjoys_ (liste n) to m

12、usic.9.He lear nt_ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed_(buy) me a computer.11. I forgot_ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate_ (lose).13. The teacher is coming, we stop_. (talk)14. We tried_(finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused_ (play) during the final practice.16. He offers_ (help) me

13、 with the work.17. She can afford_ (buy) a dicti on ary.18. I hope_(go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked_(play) the computer game on my father computer.20. He started_(make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5由 if （如果）引導的條件狀語從句（在某種條件下某事可能發生）1.句子結構（1） If 從句+主句（2） If 從句+祈使句（以動詞原形開頭）2.位置：i

14、f 從句可放句首，也可放主句后面；若 If 條件句放句首，從句可加逗號如: Print the text if you like it.= If you like the text, print it.3.時態變化（1） 如果主句是一般將來時態，從句用一般現在時。（主將從現）女口： If it doesn train tomorrow, we llgo to the great wall.（2）如果主句是其它時態，從句與主句時態保持一致。e.g.:If you finish eating, you may leave the table.4. 練習題Remember to do sth 記得去

15、做某事Forget to do sth 忘記去做某事Stop to do sth 停止正在做的事去做另一件事Continue/ go on to do 繼續做另一件事Try to do sth 努力設法做某事Mean to do sth 意味著做某事Regret to do sth 對將要做的事表示遺憾四練習：用所給詞的適當形式填空。remember doing sth 記得做過某事forget doing sth 忘記做過某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事Continue/ go on doing sth 停止正在做的事try doing sth 試著做某事mean doing

16、 sth 打算做某事regret doing sth 對已做的事感到后悔5 / 7If you _（want） to say something, _ （hand） up, please.If Lily _ (receive) the gift, she _ (be) very happy.If she _ (get) up late, she _ (not catch) the bus.=She should_,or_二、 感嘆句(多啊!)1.What + ( a/an/.) . + adj. + n.什 主語 + be)!e.g.: _ clean classroom it _!_ hon

17、est kid Tom _!_ terrible news this _!_ fan tastic con certs they _2.How + adj. + 主語(the + n. / 人名 /代詞)+ be!e.g.:改寫上面的句子.Module 6直接引語和間接引語（1）一般陳述句1.直接引語：直接引述別人的原話，通常用 引號“ ”括起來如：Mr Black said ，“m very busy. ”2.間接引語： 用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，多數情況下構成“that 引導的賓語從句” 女口： Mr Black said that he was very busy.3. 般陳述句把直

18、接引語變成間接引語要考慮以下幾種因素：人稱，_間狀語、地點狀語等（1）人稱的變化：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新如：1.直弓 I：She said, “like Tennis. -間弓 I：She said that she liked tennis.2. He said to Lily, You must get up early. - He told Lily that she must get up early.6 / 73.She said to me , TheyWa nt to help him. - She told me that they wan ted to help hi

19、m.（2）時態的變化：A.主句的謂語動詞一般現在時，從句的動詞也是一般現在時。女口： She says, I love Spring very much. ”She says (that) she loves Spring very much.B 主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，從句的動詞是過去的某種時態，除非是客觀真理，常用 一般現在時女口： She said, “I like singing- Shesaid (that) she liked singing.She said, I have never met an American. She saidshe had never met an

20、 American.(3 )其他變化形式:指示代詞時間狀語地點狀語動詞this-thatno w-the nhere-therecome-gothese-thosetoday that daybring taketoni ght that ni ghttomorrow the n ext day4.練習題:Module 7直接引語和間接引語(1 祈使句，一般疑問句，特殊疑問句1.直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語應考慮的因素：ask/tell sb (not) to do sth 人稱，時態，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等女口： (1) Go and wash your han ds. Mothe

21、r said to Tom.Mother asked/told Tom to_go and wash his ha nds.(2) She said to Tony, Don go close to the bearsShe told/asked Tony not to go close to the bears.2.直接引語是一般疑問句(以 be 動詞，情態動詞，助動詞開頭的問句)，變成間接引語應考慮的因素：用 if/whether 弓丨導一主句的動詞是 said,改為 asked-主句沒有賓語要加賓語(me,him,us.)-把一般疑問句變成陳述語序-人稱，時態，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀

22、語等女口： He said, Are you ready? ” -He asked (us) if we were ready.Jack asked, Did you know Mike? ”-Jack asked me whether/if I knew Mike.3.直接引語是特殊疑問句(以特殊以特殊疑問詞引導的問句)，變成間接引語應考慮的因素：原來的疑問詞引導 -主句的動詞是 said,改為 asked-主句沒有賓語要加賓語(me ,him,us.)-把一般疑問句變成陳述語序-人稱，時態，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等女口： What do you want? She asked me

23、.-She asked me what I wan ted.She said to Tony, How are you feeling now?She asked Tony how he was feeling then.4.直接引語是 why don not.，變成間接引語應考慮的因素：Suggest/ advise that .(should) 人稱，時態，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等如: Lin gli ng said, Why don we go to one of our n ati onal parks to relax? ”7 / 7Lingling suggested/ ad

24、vised that they should go to one of their natinal parks to relax.5 練習題1）“ These flowers are from Guangdong. ” He said.He said_these flowers_ from Guan gdo ng.2） “ Light travels faster tha n sound.” My teacher told me.My teacher told me_light_ faster tha n sound.3）Do they want fried chicke n? He aske

25、d the boys.He asked the boys_ they _ fried chicke n.4）. “ Do you want to try something new 。” Toms mother asked him.Toms mother asked him_to try somethi ng n ew.5）Whats his n ame? I asked him.I asked him what_.6） Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know_ the watch_ made in Shan ghai.M

26、odule 8時間狀語從句1. when 和 while （當。的時候） 連接的時間狀語從句（1） when 后接短暫性和延續性動詞（2） while 后接延續性動詞，且延續性動詞常用進行時態女口： When I got home, I found mother cooking for me.我到家時，發現媽媽在為我做飯。 Whilethey are wait ing for the New Year, they liste n to music and si ng son gs.在等新年到來的一段時間里，他們聽音樂和唱歌。2.before （在之前）和 after（在之后）連接的時間狀語從句

27、如：媽媽總是在我放學回家前把晚飯準備好。Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school.我昨晚功課就和你出去。I will go out with you after I fin ish my homework.3.as soon as （一就）連接的時間狀語從句（強調動作緊密相連）（1 ）時態：主將從現（主句為一般將來時，從句用一般現在時）如：I will call you as soon so I arrive in Beiji ng.我一到北京就打電話給你4.un til （直到），n ot。un til（直到。才）連接的時間狀語從句如：他一直等到所有人都走了。He waited un til all the people left.直到媽媽回家后我才上床睡覺。I don go to bed until Mum came back.Module 9原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句和結果狀語從句1.because （因為）連接的原因狀語從句女口：他因為有病，沒有參加晚會