年高考真題完全解讀（新高考Ⅱ卷）適用省份海南、遼寧、重慶、黑龍江、吉林、云南、山西、廣西、貴州、甘肅、新疆、西藏聽(tīng)力分析段落話題詞數(shù)輪數(shù)用時(shí)語(yǔ)速Text1出行指路321.514″138Text2餐廳結(jié)賬271.510″156Text3購(gòu)買(mǎi)電腦401.516″156Text4學(xué)術(shù)交流301.515″119Text5不小心損壞東西34217″124Text6約會(huì)安排79541″116Text7學(xué)生使用智能手機(jī)的困擾1162.552″135Text8變更度假計(jì)劃125454″138Text9工作機(jī)會(huì)與抉擇1855.51′20″139Text10暑期夏令營(yíng)介紹173/1′34″110語(yǔ)篇總括語(yǔ)篇話題體裁詞數(shù)難度閱讀理解A人與社會(huì)：介紹了四個(gè)歷史悠久、風(fēng)格各異的英格蘭小鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)用文265+105=370易閱讀理解B人與自我：在醫(yī)院學(xué)校幫助患病兒童進(jìn)行課業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。記敘文305+105=410易閱讀理解C人與自然：室內(nèi)植物與人的心情之間的關(guān)系說(shuō)明文264+126=390中閱讀理解D人與社會(huì)：將食材邊角料加工成美味佳肴說(shuō)明文334+135=469難閱讀七選五人與社會(huì)：一家人一起參加志愿服務(wù)說(shuō)明文247+83=330中完形填空人與自我：老奶奶改變飲食習(xí)慣，開(kāi)始健康生活和體育鍛煉，并最終重獲健康的故事記敘文218+139=357中語(yǔ)法填空人與社會(huì)：作者從美國(guó)到中國(guó)浙江農(nóng)村生活的經(jīng)歷與感受記敘文225中書(shū)面表達(dá)人與自我：詢(xún)問(wèn)一篇介紹加拿大體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的文章的進(jìn)展情況，并提醒交稿時(shí)間應(yīng)用文80左右易讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)人與自我：幫助外國(guó)人解釋中國(guó)人名字的發(fā)音和背后的意義讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)150左右難第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEnglishMarketTownstoVisitintheUKEnglishmarkettownscomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Eachhasapersonalityshapedbythegoodsandservicesproducedandtradedforcenturies.Buteachtownhasmoretodothanshop.Hereford，HerefordshireHerefordhasremainedalivelymarkettownsince1189.Skirtingthetownsquare,you’llfindlovelyshops,eateries,andtheBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum.TheHerefordCathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagnaCartaisdisplayedthere.Ludlow,ShropshireLudlowisknownastheFoodieCenterofEngland.Butchershops,greengrocers,bakeries,andcheeseshopslinethetownsquare.Borderingthesquare,theLudlowCastleisa“mustexplore”medievalstronghold.Thethree-dayLudlowFoodFestivalisheldeachSeptember.Shrewsbury,ShropshireGettingtoShrewsburyTownCenterfromLondonischallengingbutworththeanxiety.TheRiverSevernhasasignificantturnthroughtown,almostmakinganislandofShrewsburyTownCenter.Theshapecreatesaperfectmarketwheregoodscouldbeshippedandreceivedusingtheriverasahighway.Flowersareeverywhere-hangingbaskets,windowboxes,andplanters-justwhatyouimagineinanattractiveEnglishmarkettown.Mevagissey,CornwallEvenifyouhaven’tbeentothesmallfishingvillageMevagissey,you’veprobablyseenitinamovieorBritishTVshow.Theworkingharbor(港口)tookshapein1774.Fishermengoouttoseadailyandselltheirfishinharbor-sidemarkets.Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalComishpie.It’sdelicious.21.WherecanyoufindanoriginalcopyoftheMagnaCarta?A.IntheLudlowCastle. B.IntheFoodieCenterofEngland.C.IntheHerefordCathedral. D.IntheBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum.22.WhatisafeatureofShrewsburyTownCenter?A.It’ssituatednearabigisland. B.It’salmostsurroundedbywater.C.It’sknownforitsflowerfestival. D.It’seasilyaccessiblefromLondon.23.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestvisitorsdoinMevagissey?A.TrytheCornishpie. B.WatchaBritishTVshow.C.Gofishinginthesea. D.Takepicturesoftheharbor.語(yǔ)篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)值得一游的四個(gè)歷史悠久、風(fēng)景各異的市場(chǎng)小鎮(zhèn)，讓讀者感受自然和人文景觀的融合之美。核心價(jià)值取向引導(dǎo)學(xué)生走出國(guó)門(mén)感受異國(guó)風(fēng)情，拓寬國(guó)際視野，了解世界各地的不同文化。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)背景知識(shí)MagnaCarta《大憲章》是1215年英格蘭貴族迫使國(guó)王約翰簽署的文件，核心意義在于確立了“國(guó)王也必須遵守法律”的原則，并包含了一些后世權(quán)利保障的雛形，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代法治和憲政的重要基石。TheRiverSevern塞文河是英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流，發(fā)源于威爾士中部，流入布里斯托爾灣，以其壯觀的潮涌現(xiàn)象和流經(jīng)區(qū)域的自然風(fēng)光與歷史遺跡而聞名。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.shapen.形狀，圖形,狀況,特點(diǎn);v.塑造,決定…的形成,準(zhǔn)備（做某動(dòng)作）【注意熟詞生義】 2.eateries n.<美>餐館，食堂(eatery的名詞復(fù)數(shù))3.strongholdn.要塞,據(jù)點(diǎn),根據(jù)地4.medievaladj.中古的，中世紀(jì)的 5.displayv.顯示(display的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞),陳列,張開(kāi),泄露6.significantadj.重要的,顯著的,意味深長(zhǎng)的7.skirtn.裙子,邊緣,（連衣裙、外衣等的）下擺,;vt.&vi.位于…的邊緣,沿…的邊緣走,繞開(kāi),避開(kāi)【注意熟詞生義】 8.shipn.船,（艦船上的）全體船員;vt.&vi.運(yùn)送;vt.把…裝上船,裝好（船具）,使乘船;vi.在船上工作,乘船旅行,當(dāng)船員【注意熟詞生義】注意過(guò)去式shipped9.bordern.邊界（地區(qū)）,邊疆,包邊,花帶;v.毗鄰,環(huán)繞【注意熟詞生義】詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.personn.人,身體,容貌→personality n.性格，氣質(zhì),特征2.impressv.使敬佩,給…深刻印象,使銘記,使…意識(shí)到,給…留下…印象→impressive adj.令人贊嘆的,給人深刻印象的 3.originn.起源,出身→originaladj.最初的,獨(dú)創(chuàng)的,原作的;n.原件，原稿,獨(dú)特的人4.traditionn.傳統(tǒng),傳統(tǒng)的信仰（或風(fēng)俗）→traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的，習(xí)俗的，慣例的,守舊的 5.challengen.挑戰(zhàn),比賽邀請(qǐng),質(zhì)疑;v.對(duì)…懷疑,挑戰(zhàn)→challengingadj.艱巨的,有挑戰(zhàn)性的,挑起爭(zhēng)議的,不贊同的,挑釁的6.anxiousadj.焦慮的，擔(dān)心的,緊張的,渴望的→anxietyn.憂慮，焦慮，擔(dān)心,渴望7.attractv.吸引，招引,引起（反應(yīng)）→attractionn.吸引,（尤指兩性間的）愛(ài)慕,有吸引力的（事物）→attractiveadj.有魅力的,好看的,吸引人的,悅耳的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.beknownas被認(rèn)為是,號(hào)稱(chēng),叫做2.Evenif即使，縱然,雖然,即若,哪怕3.takeshape成形長(zhǎng)難句分析1.Evenifyouhaven’tbeentothesmallfishingvillageMevagissey,you’veprobablyseenitinamovieorBritishTVshow.【翻譯】即使你沒(méi)有去過(guò)小漁村梅瓦吉西，你可能在電影或英國(guó)電視節(jié)目中見(jiàn)過(guò)它?！痉治觥縀venif引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是主句。2.Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalComishpie.【翻譯】離開(kāi)港口時(shí)不要忘記帶傳統(tǒng)的Comish派?！痉治觥勘揪涫请p重否定句，相當(dāng)于肯定意思。注意not和without是兩個(gè)否定詞?！敬鸢浮?1.C22.B23.A【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了英國(guó)值得一游的四個(gè)市場(chǎng)小鎮(zhèn)及其特色和亮點(diǎn)。21.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hereford,Herefordshire部分中“TheHerefordCathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagnaCartaisdisplayedthere.(赫里福德大教堂是鎮(zhèn)上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它還擁有一座古老的圖書(shū)館，《大憲章》的四份原始副本之一便陳列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大憲章》的原始副本。故選C項(xiàng)。22.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shrewsbury,Shropshire部分中“TheRiverSevernhasasignificantturnthroughtown,almostmakinganislandofShrewsburyTownCenter.Theshapecreatesaperfectmarketwheregoodscouldbeshippedandreceivedusingtheriverasahighway.(塞文河在流經(jīng)小鎮(zhèn)時(shí)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)明顯的轉(zhuǎn)彎，幾乎將什魯斯伯里鎮(zhèn)中心變成一座孤島。這種地形造就了一個(gè)絕佳的集市，在這里，人們可以借助這條河流作為運(yùn)輸通道來(lái)收發(fā)貨物)”可知，什魯斯伯里鎮(zhèn)中心幾乎被水包圍。故選B項(xiàng)。23.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mevagissey,Cornwall部分中“Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalComishpie.It’sdelicious.(離開(kāi)港口前一定要嘗嘗傳統(tǒng)的康沃爾餡餅。它很美味)”可知，作者建議游客在梅瓦吉西一定要嘗嘗康沃爾餡餅。故選A項(xiàng)。BKathyHoteacheshighschoolinsideLucilePackardChildren’sHospitalStanford(LPCH).“SometimesIdon’tlikesayingthatI’mateacher,”saysHo.“Peoplegetintheirmindsanideaofwhatteachersdo,butthat’snotreallywhatitishere.”“Here”isroom386,whereeachyear,about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.Thehospitalschoolisfreeofparents,doctors,andmedicalprocedures.It’saplaceoflearning.AbouthalfofHo’sstudentsstayforaweekorless;othersarethereformorethanayear.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.Still,inroom386,academicsdon’tcomefirst.Physicalhealthandmentalhealtharethepriority.“Ifyou’rescaredaboutsomethingandthinkingonlyaboutthat,there’snowayyou’regoingtobeabletolearn,”Hosays.“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.”Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”Horecognizesthepsychologicalbenefitofhelpingkidskeepupwiththeirpeers(同齡人)outsidethehospital.“Iactuallythinkthemedicineisonlyasmallpieceforsomeproblems,”saysJulieGood,directorofpainmanagementservicesatLPCH.“It’saboutproblem-solvingaroundwhatitmeanstohaveafulllife.Thosekidshavedreams.Schoolcankeepthosedreamsalivebygivingkidsawaytolearnandgrow.”24.WhodoesHoteachatLPCH?A.Sickchildren. B.Youngnurses.C.Medicalstudents. D.Patients’parents.25.WhatisacharacteristicofHo’sjob?A.Prioritizingacademics. B.Encouraginginnovation.C.Treatingvariousdiseases. D.Playingmultipleroles.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons. B.Payingextraattention.C.Assigningnoschoolwork. D.Showingnosympathy.27.HowdoesthehospitalschoolbenefitthestudentsaccordingtoGood?A.Iteasespeerpressure. B.Ithelpsthemliveinhope.C.Itfreesthemfromaches. D.Itentertainsthemwithstories.語(yǔ)篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了醫(yī)院醫(yī)生KathyHo如何幫助患病學(xué)生在住院期間保持夢(mèng)想、繼續(xù)進(jìn)行課業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)的故事。核心價(jià)值取向體現(xiàn)了人與人之間的關(guān)愛(ài)和幫助語(yǔ)言知識(shí)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.proceduren.程序，手續(xù),工序，過(guò)程，步驟 2.componentn.組成部分，成分;adj.組成的，構(gòu)成的3.academicn.學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)術(shù),學(xué)者(academic的名詞復(fù)數(shù)),[復(fù)數(shù)]（院校的）學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)4.assignmentn.作業(yè)，任務(wù),分配 5.sympathyn.同情,支持，贊同,志同道合6.disservicen.傷害，虐待，不親切的行為7.peer n.同輩，同齡人,貴族,同伴，伙伴 8.regularadj.有規(guī)律的,頻繁的9.advisern.顧問(wèn)，勸告者詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.increasev.增加，增長(zhǎng);n.增加，增長(zhǎng)→increasinglyadv.不斷增加地,越來(lái)越多地2.prioradj.優(yōu)先的,占先的,在…之前→priorityn.優(yōu)先，優(yōu)先權(quán),重點(diǎn)3.psychologyn.心理（學(xué)）,思想→psychologicaladj.心理的,精神上的,心理學(xué)的4.comfortv.安慰→comfortern.令人感到安慰（或慰藉）的人（或事物）重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.physicalhealthandmentalhealth身體健康和心理健康2.bescaredabout對(duì)……害怕3.careabout關(guān)心,在乎,擔(dān)憂,關(guān)懷4.keepupwith跟上，保持同步長(zhǎng)難句分析1.Peoplegetintheirmindsanideaofwhatteachersdo,butthat’snotreallywhatitishere.【翻譯】人們?cè)谀X海中形成了教師工作的概念，但在這里這并不是真正的教師工作?！痉治觥勘揪涫莃ut連接的兩個(gè)并列句。前一個(gè)分句中whatteachersdo是賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，后一個(gè)分句中whatitishere是表語(yǔ)從句。2.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.【翻譯】霍先生的大多數(shù)學(xué)生都會(huì)康復(fù)，這意味著讓他們重返學(xué)校是護(hù)理中越來(lái)越重要的一部分?！痉治觥看颂嶮ostofHo’sstudentswillrecover是主句，其后是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句中preparingthemtoreturntoschool是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮?4.A25.D26.C27.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了KathyHo在斯坦福露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）擔(dān)任教師的工作情況，介紹了醫(yī)院學(xué)校學(xué)生的情況、她工作的特點(diǎn)以及醫(yī)院學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生的益處。24.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中““Here”isroom386,whereeachyear,about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.Thehospitalschoolisfreeofparents,doctors,andmedicalprocedures.It’saplaceoflearning.AbouthalfofHo’sstudentsstayforaweekorless;othersarethereformorethanayear.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.(“這里”指的是386室，每年約有500名露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）的患者在這里成為學(xué)生。這所醫(yī)院學(xué)校里沒(méi)有家長(zhǎng)、醫(yī)生，也沒(méi)有醫(yī)療程序。它是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的地方。Ho老師的學(xué)生中，約有一半只待一周或更短時(shí)間，其他人則會(huì)待一年以上。大多數(shù)學(xué)生最終會(huì)康復(fù)，這意味著，幫助他們做好重返學(xué)校的準(zhǔn)備正成為護(hù)理工作中日益重要的組成部分)”可知，Ho在露西爾?帕卡德兒童醫(yī)院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故選A。25.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.(我是一名教練、一名顧問(wèn)和一名安慰者，這就是作為一名醫(yī)院教師的意義)”可知，Ho工作的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是扮演多種角色。故選D。26.C詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段劃線詞所在句“Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.(一些老師不給孩子們布置任何作業(yè)，而是表達(dá)同情。Ho說(shuō)：“我覺(jué)得這對(duì)孩子們是一種傷害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不給孩子們布置作業(yè)這件事。故選C。27.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中JulieGood所說(shuō)的“It’saboutproblem-solvingaroundwhatitmeanstohaveafulllife.Thosekidshavedreams.Schoolcankeepthosedreamsalivebygivingkidsawaytolearnandgrow.(這關(guān)乎圍繞“何為充實(shí)人生”展開(kāi)的問(wèn)題解決。那些孩子擁有夢(mèng)想，而學(xué)校能通過(guò)為他們提供學(xué)習(xí)與成長(zhǎng)的途徑，讓這些夢(mèng)想得以延續(xù))”可推知，Good認(rèn)為醫(yī)院學(xué)校通過(guò)讓孩子保持學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)，幫助他們維系夢(mèng)想，即幫助他們生活在希望中。故選B。CWhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.Inthepastyear,Detrinidadsentoutmorethan70,000plants.Hersuccessisjustoneexampleofincreasedtimeathomeleadingtoanexplosioninthehouseplantindustry.“Plantsareinfashionrightnow,”saysDr.MelindaKnuth,aresearcherfromtheUniversityofFlorida.“Peoplewholiveinplant-richenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.“Addingmorenaturetoourenvironmentcanchangeourmoodandhowwethink.”P(pán)lantscanimproveourstateofmindinafewwaysbutthebiggestisbydecreasingourlevelofcortisol,thestresshormone(激素)inourbody.“Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.“Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.28.HowwasDetrinidad’sbusinesswhenitstarted?A.Itfacedtoughcompetition. B.Itsufferedagreatloss.C.Itgotlotsoffinancialsupport. D.Itwentsurprisinglywell.29.WhatisoneofKnuth’sfindingsaboutplants?A.Theyappealmoretostudents. B.Theypurifytheenvironment.C.Theyraisethecortisollevel. D.Theyenhanceproductivity.30.WhatdoesDetrinidadtrytoexplainbymentioningdoctorsandlawyers?A.Thenecessityofsocialskills. B.Themeaningofsustainability.C.Theimportanceofrepeatedefforts. D.Thevalueofprofessionalopinions.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TimetoReplaceHouseplants B.PlantsBoostYourMoodC.TipsonChoosingHouseplants D.PlantsBrightenYourHome語(yǔ)篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章從一個(gè)室內(nèi)植物網(wǎng)店銷(xiāo)售火爆說(shuō)起，介紹了綠植對(duì)人們情緒和思維影響的相關(guān)研究，倡導(dǎo)栽培室內(nèi)植物的健康生活。核心價(jià)值取向體現(xiàn)了人與自然之間的相互關(guān)系，植物對(duì)人的情緒的影響。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.floodedadj.被水淹的;v.（使）充斥（flood的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）,大量涌來(lái)【注意一詞多義】 2.moodn.情緒,語(yǔ)氣,氣氛,壞脾氣3.hormonen.激素4.cortisol n.[生化]皮質(zhì)醇,[藥]氫化可的松 5.decreasev.減少;n.減少6.sustainvt.維持,支撐，支持,遭受，忍受,供養(yǎng)7.invest v.投資，花費(fèi),授予,（把資金）投入,投入（時(shí)間、精力等） 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.explode.使爆炸,（感情）爆發(fā),激增→explosionn.爆炸（聲）,激增,（感情，尤指憤怒的）突然爆發(fā)2.satisfyv.（使）滿(mǎn)意，滿(mǎn)足,達(dá)到,使信服→satisfactionn.滿(mǎn)足，稱(chēng)心3.academicadj.學(xué)術(shù)的，學(xué)業(yè)的，教學(xué)的→academicallyadv.從學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn),關(guān)于學(xué)院或大學(xué)4.producev.引起,生產(chǎn),生長(zhǎng),造出→productivityn.生產(chǎn)率，生產(chǎn)力重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.havehighhopesfor對(duì)...抱有很高的期望2.onlineshop網(wǎng)上商城3.shipout發(fā)出，發(fā)貨4.add...to...將...加入.../給...添加...5.stateofmind心境，心情，思想狀態(tài),神思,心神,心氣6.translateinto（把…）翻譯成…,把…轉(zhuǎn)化成,造成長(zhǎng)難句分析1.Ifyou’reamongthegroupsofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants,don’tbeatyourselfupifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit.【翻譯】如果你是那些喜歡在植物的環(huán)繞下享受精神和身體健康的人群中的一員，如果有一兩個(gè)植物沒(méi)能存活下來(lái)，也不要自責(zé)。【分析】if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，whoareenjoyingthementalandphysicalhealthbenefitsofsurroundingyourselfwithplants是從句中的定語(yǔ)從句。主句是祈使句，ifone(orafew!)doesn’tmakeit是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。2.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.【翻譯】我們的研究表明，在植物豐富的工作場(chǎng)所，病假減少了30%?！痉治觥看颂巘hat后是賓語(yǔ)從句，whowereinplant-richworkplaces是定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞people?！敬鸢浮?8.D29.D30.C31.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要通過(guò)Detrinidad的創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)歷和專(zhuān)家研究，說(shuō)明室內(nèi)植物對(duì)人們心理健康和工作效率的積極影響，以及近年來(lái)居家趨勢(shì)推動(dòng)了室內(nèi)植物產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。28.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenSonjaDetrinidadopenedheronlineshopsellinghouseplants,shedidn’thavehighhopesforit.Buttheoppositehappened:Shewasflooded,shippingout1,200ordersinJuneof2020alone.(當(dāng)SonjaDetrinidad開(kāi)設(shè)她的網(wǎng)店售賣(mài)室內(nèi)植物時(shí)，她并沒(méi)有抱太大的期望。但結(jié)果卻恰恰相反：訂單如潮水般涌來(lái)，僅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份訂單)”可知，SonjaDetrinidad剛開(kāi)始開(kāi)網(wǎng)店賣(mài)室內(nèi)植物時(shí)，并沒(méi)有抱太大希望，但實(shí)際情況是訂單很多，生意出奇地好。故選D。29.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Studentswhoarearoundplantsperformbetteracademicallythanstudentswhoareinaclassroomwithoutplants,”saysKnuth.“Thisproductivityalsotranslatesintotheworkplaceforadults.Ourstudyshowedthattherewasa30%decreaseinsickleaveforpeoplewhowereinplant-richworkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身處植物周?chē)膶W(xué)生，其學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)比在沒(méi)有植物的教室里的學(xué)生更出色。這種效率提升同樣適用于成年人的工作場(chǎng)合。我們的研究顯示，在植物豐富的工作環(huán)境中，人們的病假率降低了30%?！?”可知，Knuth的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，接觸植物的學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)更好，成年人在植物豐富的工作環(huán)境中生產(chǎn)率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生產(chǎn)率”是她的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。故選D。30.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.Tendingtoplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.Beinvestedintakingcareofit,butifitdies,gogetanotherone,”Detrinidadsays.(Detrinidad說(shuō)：“醫(yī)生需要不斷實(shí)踐醫(yī)術(shù)，律師需要持續(xù)精進(jìn)法律實(shí)務(wù)，而養(yǎng)護(hù)植物同樣需要給自己練習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。照料植物是一種培養(yǎng)耐心和學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程。要用心呵護(hù)它，但如果它枯萎了，就再養(yǎng)一株新的?！?”可知，Detrinidad通過(guò)類(lèi)比醫(yī)生和律師需要不斷實(shí)踐來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“照顧植物需要反復(fù)嘗試”。她認(rèn)為養(yǎng)植物失敗是正常的，重要的是持續(xù)努力。由此推斷，她提到醫(yī)生和律師是為了解釋“重復(fù)努力的重要性”。故選C。31.B主旨大意題。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功為例引出室內(nèi)植物行業(yè)的興起，第二段至第三段通過(guò)Knuth的研究說(shuō)明植物能通過(guò)降低皮質(zhì)醇水平改善心情、提升生產(chǎn)率，第四段鼓勵(lì)人們嘗試養(yǎng)植物。全文核心圍繞“植物對(duì)情緒和健康的積極影響”展開(kāi)。選項(xiàng)B“PlantsBoostYourMood(植物改善你的情緒)”最能概括文章主旨，適合作為文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。DDoesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries.Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreofwhatwe’realreadygrowing.Butlastmonth,onepopularNewYorkCityrestauranttriedadifferentway:Itchangeditsmenutoexclusively(專(zhuān)門(mén))offerfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage’sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditemslikefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver’svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffoodwasteforevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled.Upto84.3%issimplythrownout.RestaurantslikeSilointheUKhaveexperimentedwithzero-wastesystems,butwastEDtooktheconcepttoitslogicalconclusion.ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.Nevertheless,itservesasareminderthattherearemanywaystoaddressproblemsofsustainability,andthatyoucanmakeanamazingmealoutofalmostanything.32.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’searlylife?A.Hewitnessedfoodshortage. B.Heenjoyedthelocalcuisine.C.HedonatedfoodtoAfricans. D.Hehelpedtocookathome.33.WhydidBlueHillcarryouttheexperiment?A.Tocustomizedishesforguests. B.Tomakethepublicawareoffoodwaste.C.Totestafoodprocessingmethod. D.ToimprovetheUK’szero-wastesystems.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Whytheingredientswereused. B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.C.Whatthedishesweremadeof. D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.35.WhatcanwelearnaboutwastED?A.Ithasendedasplanned. B.Itiscreatingnewjobs.C.Ithasregainedpopularity. D.Itiscriticizedbytopchefs.語(yǔ)篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)將食材邊角料加工成美味佳肴的案例，生動(dòng)闡述了節(jié)約食物和物盡其用的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念。核心價(jià)值取向體現(xiàn)了人與社會(huì)之間的相互關(guān)系，關(guān)注可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.unusedadj.未用過(guò)的,不用的，空著的,不習(xí)慣的,無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的2campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng),戰(zhàn)役3.exclusivelyadv.唯一地,專(zhuān)門(mén)地，特定地4.cartilagen.<解>軟骨,軟骨結(jié)構(gòu) 5.dumpstern.廢料箱6.regardingprep.關(guān)于,就…而論,至于7.tailor-made 特制的,定做的 8.determinev.查明,測(cè)定,準(zhǔn)確算出,決定,敲定，安排,下決心【注意一詞多義】9.generatevt.形成，造成,產(chǎn)生物理反應(yīng),產(chǎn)生（后代）,引起10.conceptn.概念,觀念11.revenuen.稅收,財(cái)政收入,收益12.experimentvi.做實(shí)驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)13.ingredientn.（混合物的）組成部分,（烹調(diào)的）原料14.cuisinen.烹飪，風(fēng)味,菜肴15.excellentadj.極好的，優(yōu)秀的16.enthusiasticadj.非常感興趣的，熱心的17.reviewn.評(píng)審，檢查,評(píng)論,回顧,檢閱18.neverthelessadv.然而,盡管如此,不過(guò)19.addressn.地址，位置,網(wǎng)址,演說(shuō);v.寫(xiě)（收信人）姓名地址,解決，處理,演講,向…說(shuō)話,稱(chēng)呼詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.comfortn.舒適v.安慰→comfortableadj.舒適的,愉快輕松的,寬裕的→uncomfortableadj.不自在的,不舒服的,焦慮的,麻煩的2.remindv.提醒,使想起→remindern.令人回憶起…的東西,提醒…的東西3.prayvt.祈禱，禱告,請(qǐng)求，懇求,央求;vi.祈禱→prayern.祈禱,禱詞,祈望,祈禱儀式4.technologyn.科技→technologicaladj.技術(shù)上的,工藝（學(xué)）的,因技術(shù)革新而造成的5.educatev.教育,教導(dǎo)→educationn.教育,培養(yǎng)→educationaladj.教育的,有教育意義的6.solvev.解決,破解→solutionn.解決辦法,溶解,答案7.producev.引起,生產(chǎn),生長(zhǎng)→producern.制造商8.sellvt.&vi.賣(mài)，售→sellern.賣(mài)者，賣(mài)方,銷(xiāo)售者9.namev.給…取名,叫出…的名稱(chēng)→renamevt.給…重新取名，改名10.logicn.邏輯（學(xué)）,思維方式→logicaladj.邏輯（上）的,符合邏輯的,推理正確的,合乎常理的11.technicaladj.技術(shù)的，技能的,技藝的→technicallyadv.技術(shù)上,學(xué)術(shù)上,專(zhuān)業(yè)上,嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)12.sustainvt.維持,支撐，支持,遭受，忍受,供養(yǎng)→sustainabilityn.持續(xù)性，能維持性，永續(xù)性13.re-appropriated重新占有重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.lookfor尋找2.throwaway扔掉,摒棄,浪費(fèi)，錯(cuò)過(guò)（機(jī)會(huì)）3.raiseawareness增強(qiáng)意識(shí)4.turninto（使）變成,譯成,成為5.anumberof許多的6.short-lived短暫的7.servesas充當(dāng)8.withthehelpof借助于，利用長(zhǎng)難句分析1.MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica,wherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.【翻譯】也許這種感覺(jué)來(lái)自于在南非的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷，在那里，“非洲有兒童挨餓”這句話更像是對(duì)事實(shí)的令人不安的提醒，而不是晚餐時(shí)的祈禱?！痉治觥縈aybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfrica是主句，where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2.Fromtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns,foodproducersandsellersarelookingforwaystousemoreofwhatwe’realreadygrowing.【翻譯】從技術(shù)解決方案到教育活動(dòng)，食品生產(chǎn)商和銷(xiāo)售商都在尋找更多利用我們已經(jīng)種植的作物的方法?！痉治觥看颂嶧romtechnologicalsolutionstoeducationalcampaigns是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，whatwe’realreadygrowing是賓語(yǔ)從句。【答案】32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題，并以紐約一家餐廳的短期實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目“wastED”為例，該餐廳通過(guò)創(chuàng)意改造本該被丟棄的食材制作菜品，以此提高人們對(duì)可持續(xù)飲食的關(guān)注。32.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“MaybethatfeelingcomesfromgrowingupinSouthAfricawherethephrase“therearechildrenstarvinginAfrica”wasmoreofanuncomfortablereminderoffactthanaprayeratdinnertime.(這種感覺(jué)或許源于在南非的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷——在那里，“非洲還有孩子在挨餓”這句話與其說(shuō)是晚餐時(shí)的祈禱，不如說(shuō)是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)令人不安的提醒)”可知，作者在南非長(zhǎng)大，那里有孩子挨餓是事實(shí)，由此可推斷作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情況。故選A。33.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Eachdishwastailor-madetoraiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.(每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人們對(duì)食物浪費(fèi)的認(rèn)識(shí))”可知，BlueHill餐廳進(jìn)行這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，將菜單改為只提供原本會(huì)被扔掉的食物，是為了提高公眾對(duì)食物浪費(fèi)的認(rèn)識(shí)。故選B。34.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED’smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,alltheingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldneverconsiderserving.Thingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-appropriatedand,withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.(值得注意的是，從技術(shù)上講，wastED的菜單上沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多數(shù)餐館永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)考慮供應(yīng)的肉類(lèi)部位和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚(yú)頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等東西都被重新利用，在許多優(yōu)秀廚師的助力下，變成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介紹了wastED菜單上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘藍(lán)莖、魚(yú)頸肉、被挑揀的紅薯和黃瓜蒂等，所以本段主要講的是這些菜肴是由什么做成的。故選C。35.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment;BlueHillhassincereturnedtoitsregularmenu.(盡管wastED餐廳收獲了熱烈的評(píng)價(jià)，但它從一開(kāi)始就被設(shè)計(jì)為短期實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目；此后，BlueHill餐廳已回歸常規(guī)菜單)”可知，wastED從一開(kāi)始就被設(shè)計(jì)為短期實(shí)驗(yàn)，現(xiàn)在餐廳已恢復(fù)常規(guī)菜單，從而推斷，實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目“wastED”已經(jīng)按計(jì)劃結(jié)束了。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。UnexpectedBenefitsofVolunteeringasaFamilyAreyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?___36___Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily.●You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.Peopleoftenfeeltheyaretoobusytovolunteer.Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.___37___●Youcanlivelongerifyouvolunteerregularly.___38___WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.Volunteersarealsomorelikelytolookaftertheirownhealthandaremorefocusedonaddingphysicalactivityintotheirlives.●___39___Volunteeringduringteenageyearshasbeenlinkedtosomemajorpositiveeffectssuchasimprovedgradesandincreasedself-confidence.Theseeffectsaren’tjustshort-termbuthavebeenprovedtoaffectateen’swell-beingintheyearstocome.●You’llhavemoretimewithfamily.Familieswhovolunteertogetherhavetheuniqueexperienceofworkingtowardacommongoal.___40___Everyonebringssomethinguniquetothetableandcanconnectwitheachotherinanewway.And,therearetasksforeveryageandability,soallyourchildrencanfeelproudoftheirwork.A.Helpingthecommunitylowersratesofdepression.B.Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.C.Volunteeringhasalifelongeffectonkidsandteenagers.D.Volunteeringcanbethefirststepinbreakingdownprejudice.E.Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.F.Youmayevenlearnthatyourkidhasatalentyoudidn’tknowaboutbefore.G.Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.語(yǔ)篇解讀主旨概要本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了全家人從句志愿服務(wù)的好處。核心價(jià)值取向人與社會(huì)——志愿服務(wù)。語(yǔ)言知識(shí)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1.affectv.影響,使感動(dòng),（疾?。└腥?假裝 2.communityn.社會(huì)（團(tuán)體）,共有,(生物)群落3.maintainv.保持,保養(yǎng),堅(jiān)持,保衛(wèi)4.overall adj.全面的,總體的 5.self-confidence自信6.well-beingn.健康,幸福,保持良好狀態(tài)7.unique adj.唯一的,獨(dú)特的,特有的8.hobbyn.業(yè)余愛(ài)好詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.expectv.預(yù)期,盼望,料想→Unexpectedadj.出乎意料的2.positiveadj.積極樂(lè)觀的,建設(shè)性的,擁護(hù)的,正面的→positivelyadv.明確地,斷然地,肯定地3.regularadj.有規(guī)律的,頻繁的,經(jīng)常做某事的→regularlyadv.有規(guī)律地,經(jīng)常,均勻地重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.comewith伴隨…發(fā)生，與…一起供給2.focuson集中；特別關(guān)注3.physicalactivity體力活動(dòng)4.belinkedto與…連接5.feelproudof為...感到驕傲6.connectwitheachother互相連接長(zhǎng)難句分析1.Youmayknowthe“feel-good”emotionsthatcomewithhelpingothers,butthereareevenmoreunexpectedwaysvolunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily.【翻譯】你可能知道幫助別人帶來(lái)的“感覺(jué)良好”的情緒，但志愿服務(wù)對(duì)整個(gè)家庭的積極影響還有更多意想不到的方式。【分析】主句是but連接的并列句。thatcomewithhelpingothers是前分句中的定語(yǔ)從句，volunteeringwillpositivelyaffectthewholefamily是后分句的定語(yǔ)從句。2.WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.【翻譯】華盛頓大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，55歲以上的成年人如果自愿參加志愿活動(dòng)，他們的記憶力會(huì)比其他同齡人更好，而且能保持更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的健康?！痉治觥看颂巘hat后是賓語(yǔ)從句，whovolunteered是定語(yǔ)從句。【答案】36.B37.G38.E39.C40.F【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹家庭共同參與志愿活動(dòng)帶來(lái)的意外好處，包括感覺(jué)時(shí)間更充裕、促進(jìn)身體健康、對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)積極影響以及增進(jìn)家庭互動(dòng)等。36.B根據(jù)上文“Areyoulookingforawaytobringyourfamilytogether?Hopingtofindahobbythatcanbesharedbyboththelittleonesandadults?(你在尋找讓家人團(tuán)聚的方法嗎？希望找到一個(gè)大人和小孩都能參與的愛(ài)好嗎)”可知，此處以提問(wèn)方式引出家庭共同活動(dòng)的需求，空格處需給出解決方案。B選項(xiàng)“Volunteeringasafamilymaybejustthethingyouneed.(全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteeringasafamily”直接回應(yīng)“bringyourfamilytogether”和“sharedhobby”，引出下文對(duì)家庭志愿活動(dòng)好處的具體說(shuō)明，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。37.G根據(jù)段落主題句“You’llfeellikeyouhavemoretime.(你會(huì)覺(jué)得自己有更多時(shí)間)”及上文“Yet,researchhasfoundthatgivingyourtimetocommunitycausesactuallymakesyoufeellikeyouhavemoreofit.(然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，把時(shí)間投入到社區(qū)事業(yè)中實(shí)際上會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得自己擁有更多時(shí)間)”可推知，設(shè)空處需解釋“感覺(jué)時(shí)間更多”的原因。G選項(xiàng)“Volunteeringmakesyoufeelcapableandinspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday.(志愿活動(dòng)讓你感覺(jué)有能力，并激勵(lì)你充分利用每一天)”中的“makesyoufeelcapable”和“inspiresyoutomakethemostofeachday”從心理層面解釋了為何志愿活動(dòng)會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生時(shí)間更充裕的感覺(jué)，與“feellikeyouhavemoretime”形成因果關(guān)聯(lián)。故選G項(xiàng)。38.E根據(jù)下文“WashingtonUniversityfoundthatadults55andolderwhovolunteeredhadbettermemoryandmaintainedoverallhealthlongerthanotherstheirage.(華盛頓大學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，55歲及以上的成年人中，參與志愿服務(wù)的人群比同齡人擁有更優(yōu)的記憶力，且能更長(zhǎng)久地維持整體健康狀態(tài))”可知，本段聚焦志愿活動(dòng)對(duì)成年人身體健康的益處。E選項(xiàng)“Foradults,volunteeringcanprovidesignificantphysicalhealthbenefits.(對(duì)成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，志愿活動(dòng)可以帶來(lái)顯著的身體健康益處)”中的“Foradults”對(duì)應(yīng)“adults55andolder”，“physicalhealthbenefits”概括了“bettermemory”和“maintainedover