1、一 英語國際音標概述單元音前元音/i:/ /i/ /e/ / 中元音/ /:/ / 后元音/:/ / /:/ /u:/ /u/ 雙元音合口雙元音/ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/集中雙元音/i/ /e/ /u/爆破音摩擦音破擦音鼻音舌側音半元音雙唇音/p/ /b/ /m/w/唇齒音/f/ /v/ 舌齒音/ / 齒齦音/t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /ts/ /dz/n/l/齒齦后音/r/tr/dr/舌面硬腭齒齦音/ / /d/ /t/ 二 英語元音 前元音 /i:/：舌前端抬高，輕抵下齒，雙唇扁平，口腔近于合，聲帶有滑動。 /i/ ：舌中部輕輕上抬，舌尖抵下齒，舌位比/i:/稍低，稍

2、后；口型扁平，比/i:/稍大，口開約三分之一，發音短促。 /e/：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，牙床半合，上下齒間可容一食指，唇形稍扁，發音短促。 /：舌尖抵下齒，舍身低平，發音時口要張大，口開約三分之二，上下齒間可容納食指。注意易混音標/i:/和/ei/ ，/e/ / 和/ei/ A friend in need is a friend indeed. Will you be so good as to give me a lift? A flea and a fly were trapped/trpt/ in a flue/flu:/ , and they tried to flee for

3、their life. The flea said to the fly “lets flea!” and the fly said to the flea “lets fly!” finally both the flea and the fly managed to flee through a flaw/fl:/ in the flue. East or west,home is best. Handsome/hnsm/ is as handsome does. A happy black rabbit A pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasa

4、nt/feznt/ and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together. 中元音 /：口腔打開，舌中部稍抬，唇形稍扁，發音短促。 /:/：舌中部稍隆起，口開約二分之一，唇形扁，發長音。 /：舌身平放，口腔肌肉放松，唇形自然張開，發短音。 The early bird catches the worm/w:m/ . Birds of a feather flock together. A skunk/skk/ sat on a stump/stmp/.The skunk thought the stu

5、mp stunk/stk/ , and the stump thought the skunk stunk. 后元音 /:/：口張大，舌身低平，舌后發音，發音時要中氣十足，圓潤飽滿。 /：口張大，舌身平放，雙唇稍稍收圓，發音短促。 /:/：舌根部隆起，雙唇收圓略向前突，聲帶滑動。 /u:/：舌根部隆起，雙唇收圓收小并向前突出，口腔肌肉保持緊張，發長音。 /u/： 舌位比/u:/稍低，口型比/u:/稍大，口腔肌肉放松，發音短促。 We have a lot of things to talk about. He laughs best who laughs last. Its all your

6、fault. Dont push and pull, its made of the wool. I would if I could. 合口雙元音 /ei/u/ai/au/i/：發雙元音時，口型由前一單元音向后一單元音滑動，前重后輕，前長后短。 注意易混音標/ 和/ei/ No pain, no gain. I always do it again. Haste makes waste. He saved a cat. 注意易混音標/u/，/au/和/ As you sow, you will mow. I know what you know. Dont keep the horse in

7、 the house. How about going downtown, now? 注意易混音標/ai/ 和/e/ / Strike while the iron/ain / is hot. Time and tide wait for no man. The worm bites beds. The title is about the battle in a castle/k:sl/ . Come and enjoy the oysters Dont spoil roy by giving him too many toys. I have an appointment right no

8、w. You should be loyal/lil /to your nation. 集中雙元音 /i/ /e/ /u/：舌頭由前元音或后元音向中元音滑動。 注意不要省略/ 前面的元音。 We are near the end of the year. Where there is a will, there is a way. What do you usually/ju:li/ do in your holiday? Things are clear and you dont need to fear/fi/ .三 英語輔音 爆破輔音 雙唇爆破音/p/ /b/：雙唇緊閉，憋住氣流，然后突

9、然分開，氣流沖出口腔形成爆破音。 /p/ 為清輔音，送氣聲帶不振動； /b/為濁輔音，不送氣聲帶振動。 注意和漢語拼音p,b的區別 Pride and prejudice You can practise after super Basketball is a popular sport in China. I beg your pardon. He found a job in a pub. 舌尖齒齦爆破音/t/ /d/：舌尖緊貼上齒齦，憋氣，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔，形成爆破音。 /t/為清輔音， /d/為濁輔音。 注意和漢語拼音t,d的區別 dont shed crocodile/kr

10、kdail/ tears. Dont waste time chatting. But he is not good. Did david dance all day until dark? 舌根軟腭爆破音/k/ /g/：軟腭抬起，堵住鼻腔通道，舌后部同時隆起緊貼軟腭，憋氣，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔，形成爆破音。 /k/ 為清輔音， /g/為濁輔音。 注意和漢語拼音k, g區別 A good beginning makes for a good ending. He is not a great guy. Cut your coat according to your cloth. Keep

11、 off the green grass. 爆破音的特殊情況： 1 清輔音濁化：當爆破音/p/ /t/ /k/前面有摩擦音，后面緊跟元音時，要改為不送氣音。當爆破音 /p/ /t/ /k/是音節的尾音或是非重讀音節時，微弱送氣。 例如：speak, school, stupid, stop keep, let, make, bump, peep 2 不完全爆破或失去爆破 兩個不同的爆破音相連，第一個音不完 全爆破或失去爆破。 兩個相同或發音部位相同的爆破音相連，發音要領為一次成阻一次除阻，持阻時間延長，為一個爆破音持阻時間的兩倍。 三個爆破音相連，第二個爆破音完全丟失，剩下的按兩個爆破音相連的

12、方法發音。 Act, kept, football, goodbye Big girl, fast train, great day Act blindly, locked car 摩擦輔音 唇齒摩擦音/f/ /v/ ：下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒間的縫隙間穿過，摩擦成音。 /f/發音時送氣強，但聲帶不振動； /v/ 發音時聲帶振動，但氣流弱。 注意易混音標/w/和/v/ He did it very well. The detective/ditektiv/ found various /vris/ photos in the file. The vote was positive, not n

13、egative/netiv/ . Virtue/v:tju:/ of virgin/v:din / was valued very much. 舌尖齒背摩擦音/ / ：舌尖輕觸上齒下邊緣，氣流從舌齒間的小縫隙穿出，摩擦成音。 / 為清輔音， / 為濁輔音。 注意易混音標/ / 和/s/ /z/ My brother would rather wander/wnd/ on the street than go home. Together we went through thick and thin. Thank the other three brothers of their fathers

14、 mothers brothers side. This is his sixth birthday. 舌尖齒齦摩擦音/s/ /z/：舌前端靠近上齒齦，但不接觸，上下齒靠攏，但不咬住，氣流由舌端與上齒齒齦穿出，摩擦成音。 /s/ 為清輔音， /z/為濁輔音。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. These/i:z/ boys made a lot of noise/niz/ , their cries could be heard for miles. He washed his clothes a thousand times. 舌

15、面齒齦后部摩擦音/ /：舌前端抬起靠近上齒齦后部但不貼住，舌身兩側緊貼上顎，中間形成一條狹長的通道，氣流通過舌端與上齒齦后部時摩擦成音。雙唇稍向前突。 / 是清輔音， /是濁輔音。 注意易混音標/ 和/s/ Shoulder to shoulder She sells seashells on the sea shore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. So if she sells shells on the seashore, Im sure she sells seashore shells. Measure /me/ for me

16、asure 聲門摩擦音/h/：聲門張開，氣流不受阻礙自由逸出口腔，聲帶不振動，只在通過聲門時形成輕微摩擦，口型隨后面的元音變化。為清輔音。 A cold hand and a warm heart. There is a hole behind the bed. He is holding a hat in his hand. 舌尖齒齦后部摩擦音/r/：舌頭卷起靠近上齒齦后部，舌兩段收攏輕觸上齒齦，雙唇稍突出并收圓，氣流由舌尖與硬腭間逸出，為濁輔音。 Sorry, Im in a hurry. Real weird/wid / rear/ri/ wheels. 破擦輔音 舌面前齒齦后音/d/

17、/t/ ：舌尖和舌端抵住上齒齦后部形成阻礙。發/的動作時解除阻礙，氣流通過發出破擦音/d/ /t/ 。 /t/ 為清輔音， /d/ 為濁輔音。 注意/d/ 不要與拼音/j/混淆 Great changes have taken place in China. Jenny had chicken and French fries for lunch. Just think about the judge/dd/ . 鼻音輔音 /m/ ：雙唇緊閉，軟腭下垂，氣流從鼻腔逸出，為濁輔音。 /n/ ：舌尖緊貼上齒齦形成阻礙，軟腭下垂，氣流由鼻腔逸出，為濁輔音。 / ：舌根抬起貼住軟腭，發音時軟腭下垂，打

18、開鼻腔通道，氣流由鼻腔逸出，為濁輔音。 My mother remembers when man first landed on the moon. Your singing and dancing are charming. From morning till evening Sam sings the same song again and again. 舌側輔音/l/ ： 出現在元音前，為清晰音，發音時舌頭向硬腭抬起，舌前端緊貼上齒齦，氣流從舌的一側或兩側逸出，發音清晰，聲帶振動，為濁輔音。 出現在輔音前或詞末時，為含糊音。發音時，舌尖抵上齒，舌面形成凹槽，舌后部上抬，氣流從舌的一側或兩

19、側逸出，并在凹槽中產生共鳴，發音響亮，為濁輔音。 Live and learn. A little pill may well cure a great ill. Let sleeping dogs lie. Lily ladles/leidl / little Lettys lentil /lentil/ soup. 半元音 雙唇音/w/ ：舌后部向硬腭抬高，雙唇與/u:/ 相似，收圓，收小并稍向前突出，發音短促，已經發出立刻向后面的元音滑動，為濁輔音。 舌面硬腭音/j/：舌前面向硬腭高高抬起，口型與/i:/ 相似，雙唇向兩旁伸展成扁平形，聲帶振動，發音短促，已經發出立即向后面的元音滑動，為

20、濁輔音。 While we were walking, we were watching a window washer wash Washingtons windows with warm washing water. He keeps working year after year. No sweet without sweat. 輔音連綴 首輔音連綴 /tr/:軟腭抬起，舌尖抵上齒齦后部形成阻礙，發音時舌尖以發/r/音的動作解除阻礙，使爆破清輔音/t/r/幾乎同時發出。 /dr/: 軟腭抬起 I saw a lot of treasure in my dream. There are s

21、everal hundred people on the train. The driver bumped into a tree. 尾輔音連綴 /ts/: 舌尖貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略微下降，氣流隨之泄出口腔。 /dz/:舌尖貼住上齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略微下降，氣流隨之泄出口腔。 Its raining cats and dogs. Old frineds and old wine are best. I m going to visit my parents for the holidays.四 連讀 1 同一意群中，前詞的尾輔音和后詞的首元音可以連讀。 例如：first of all some of us put it on look at it in an hour not at all ran out 2 同一意群中，前詞的尾輔音和后詞的首輔音可以連讀。 例如：hot bath good night one more next day a good deal 3 同一意群中相鄰兩詞，前詞的尾音是/:/ /:/ /:/ / /i/ /e/ /u/并以字母r或re 結尾，后詞以元音開頭，字母r或re發/r/音并與后面連讀。 例如：far away here and there take care of 注：不在同一意群不能連讀。五 句重讀 實詞重讀；指示代詞