1、高中任教實(shí)驗(yàn)版必修1 Unit 5 知識(shí)重點(diǎn)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)一、Try to pronounce the words.self selfi selflis selflisli divut divutid inveid faund nnlizm pi:sfl l:j gaidns hupfl ju: vailns i:kwl wili , nf edukei edukeitid kru:lti sentns二、Try to spell the words. 三、構(gòu)詞法之 派生：通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。例如：smell (n.) smelly ( adj. )；dirt (n.)dirty ( ad

2、j. )；suffer (v.) suffering ( n. )；【課本鏈接】equal (adj.) equally ( adv. ) 公平地（詞義）；self (n.) _ ( adj. ) _（詞義）；_ ( adj. ) _（詞義）；_ ( adv. ) _（詞義）；nation n. _ ( adj. ) _（詞義）；_ ( n. ) _（詞義）；peace n. _ ( adj. ) _（詞義）；hope n. _ ( adj. ) _（詞義）；invade (vt.) inveid (侵入，侵略) _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；found (vt.) faund (建立；建設(shè))

3、 _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；law n. _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；guide v. _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；young adj. _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；violent (adj.) vailnt (暴力的) _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；cruel (adj.) _ ( n. ) _（詞義）；willing (adj.) wili（樂(lè)意的；自愿的）_ ( adj. ) 不愿意的；fair (adj.) f（公平的；公正的）_ ( adj. ) 不公平的；educate (vt.) edukei (教育；訓(xùn)練)_ ( adj. ) 受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的_ ( n. ) 教

4、育；培養(yǎng)；legal (adj.) _ ( adj. ) ili:gl _ （詞義）；四、從以上單詞中選擇填空。Like Nelson Mandela I was a lawyer who believed that all mankind is created _ . I hate _ and tried to use _ ways so that black people could vote for their government. As I live in South Africa, the officials of the South African Republic did no

5、t agree with me. They attacked me for encouraging the blacks to fight against the government and put me in prison. Nobody was allowed to talk to me for five long years and I lost the ability to talk. Before I went to prison, I had been _ that things would change. After I was released（赦免）I found the

6、quality of life for black people had got worse. I was worried about my future, and soon I fell ill. Although I was not as successful as Nelson Mandela, many people remember me as one of the first black fighters for human rights in South Africa. 五、名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)請(qǐng)判斷下面名詞是可數(shù)名詞【C】還是不可數(shù)名詞【U】。quality kwlti 【 】

7、n質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)principle prinspl 【 】 n. 法則；原則；原理nationalism nnlizm 【 】 n民族主義；國(guó)家主義livelihood laivlihud 【 】 n生計(jì)；謀生leap li:p 【 】 n飛躍；跳躍 mankind mnkaind 【 】 n人類guidance gaidns 【 】 n. 指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)fee fi: 【 】 n費(fèi)（會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)等）；酬金youth ju: 【 】 n青年【 】；青年時(shí)期【 】league li:g 【 】 同盟；聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合會(huì)stage steid 【 】 n舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期vote vut 【 】 n. 投票；

8、選票；表決violence vailns 【 】 n暴力；暴行quote kwut 【 】 n引用語(yǔ)；語(yǔ)錄terror ter 【 】 n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時(shí)期；恐怖活動(dòng)cruelty kru:lti 【 】 n殘忍；殘酷reward riw:d 【 】 n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金opinion pinjn 【 】 n意見(jiàn)；看法；主張六、詞匯學(xué)習(xí)1. quality 【U】 n質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)質(zhì)量往往比數(shù)量更重要。Quality often matters more _ _. 2. principle 【C】 n. 法則；原則；原理我對(duì)此很認(rèn)真。這是原則問(wèn)題。I take this seriously

9、. _ _ _ of principle. 3. nationalism 【U】 n民族主義；國(guó)家主義民族主義精神仍然遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝于世界大同的精神。_ _ of _ is still far stronger than the spirit of world community. 4. livelihood【 】 n生計(jì)；謀生她靠種菜謀生。She earns _ _ _ _ _. 5. leap li:p 【C】 n飛躍；跳躍 個(gè)人一小步，人來(lái)一大步。Thats _ _ step for a man, one giant _ _ _. 6. mankind【U】 n人類袁隆平為全人類的利益而工作。Y

10、uan Longping _ _ _ good _ _ . 7. guidance【U】 n. 指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. 8. fee【C】 n費(fèi)（會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)等）；酬金恐怕我付不起給律師的酬金。_ _ _ _ afford the lawyers fee. 9. youth n青年【C】；青年時(shí)期【U】那里，一群群小伙子正在打籃球。_ _ _ of _ playing basketball over there. 我在鄉(xiāng)間度過(guò)了青少年時(shí)代。I _ my youth in the

11、country. 10. league 【C】 同盟；聯(lián)盟；聯(lián)合會(huì)當(dāng)?shù)貛姿鶎W(xué)校組建了足球聯(lián)合會(huì)。_ _ _ formed _ _ _. 11. stage 【C】 n舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期一些女孩在舞臺(tái)上跳舞。_ _ _ _ on _ _. 12. vote【C】 n. 投票；選票；表決 此事將投票表決。_ _ _ _ _ by vote. 13. violence 【U】 n暴力；暴行只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。Only then _ _ _ _ answer _ with _.14. quote【C】 n引用語(yǔ)；語(yǔ)錄這是引自圣經(jīng)的語(yǔ)句。_ _ _ _ from the Bible.

12、 15. terror 【 】 n恐怖；恐怖時(shí)期；恐怖活動(dòng)；可怕的人_ 16. cruelty 【U】 n殘忍；殘酷令人奇怪地是她狠得下心拋棄自己的孩子。Its surprising that _ has the _ to abandon her own child. 17. reward 【C】 n. 報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金他因?yàn)橛泄Χ@頒一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆e was given _ _ _ _ _ for his service. 18. opinion 【C】 n意見(jiàn)；看法；主張對(duì)這件事各人看法不一。Opinions differ _ _ _. 六、自給自足1. devote divut vt. 奉獻(xiàn)（人

13、生、時(shí)間、勞力等）（于），把專用（于）；devote to 奉獻(xiàn)（人生、時(shí)間、勞力等）于，把專用于devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于，熱愛(ài)；專心致力于He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 他一生致力于促進(jìn)世界和平。She devoted herself to tennis in her teens. 她在少女時(shí)代熱衷于網(wǎng)球。devoted divutid adj. 獻(xiàn)身的，忠實(shí)的；摯愛(ài)的a devoted friend 忠實(shí)的朋友She is devoted to her husband. 她摯愛(ài)她的丈夫。 專心致志的，熱衷于She

14、 was devoted to tennis in her teens. 她在少女時(shí)代熱衷于網(wǎng)球。2. found faund (founded, founded) vt. 建立；建造【構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)】be founded on/upon something a) to be the main idea, belief etc that something else develops from【=be based on something】以為基礎(chǔ) His theory is founded on facts. 他的理論建立在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上。 b) to be the solid layer of c

15、ement, stones etc that a building is built on建造（房屋等）于之上The castle is founded on solid rock. 那座城堡建在堅(jiān)固的巖石上。 to start something such as an organization, company, school, or city, often by providing the necessary money創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦They founded a college. 他們創(chuàng)辦了一所大學(xué)。 The hospital was founded in 1920. 這家醫(yī)院創(chuàng)立于1920年

16、。3. vote vut vt. & vi. 投票；（以票）表決；選舉【構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)】 vote (on) 就投票In those days women couldnt vote. 當(dāng)年婦女們無(wú)權(quán)投票。Now we will vote on this question. 現(xiàn)在對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)投票表決。 vote for/against 投票贊成/反對(duì)Vote for the man you can trust. 選你能信賴的人。 People voted against Henry. 人們投票反對(duì)亨利。 vote to do sth. 投票去做We voted to accept the propos

17、al. 我們投票決定要接受這項(xiàng)提案。 vote that 投票決定The committee voted that the game should be put off. 委員會(huì)投票決定比賽應(yīng)延期。【課本連接】Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.當(dāng)時(shí)黑人沒(méi)有選舉權(quán)，他們無(wú)權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。vote n. 【C】選舉，投票，表決（常和介詞on/about連用，表示“有關(guān)的”）The matter will be decided by vote. 此事將投票表決。 A vote on this matter will be ta

18、ken at the end of the discussion. 這件事討論到最后就舉行表決。【C】票，選票 I cast my vote for/against the proposal. 我投票贊成/反對(duì)那項(xiàng)提案。4. attack vt. 進(jìn)攻，襲擊The enemy attacked our airport all night. 敵人徹夜都在攻擊我們的機(jī)場(chǎng)。 抨擊，責(zé)難Todays papers all attacked the governments new policy. 今天所有的報(bào)紙都在攻擊政府的新政策。attack n. 【U】【C】攻擊，襲擊（常和介詞on/against

19、連用）make an attack on the enemy 攻擊敵人【構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)】under attack 遭受攻擊【C】責(zé)難（常和介詞on連用）make an attack on the famous writer 【C】發(fā)病，（疾病的）發(fā)作 I had a bad attack of flu at Christmas.圣誕節(jié)期間我得了重感冒。5. release rili:s vt. （從束縛中）釋放，解放，解脫；（從義務(wù)中）免除，解除He released the bird from its cage. 他將那只鳥(niǎo)從籠中釋放出來(lái)。I released him from debt. 我已免

20、除了他的欠款。 發(fā)行；發(fā)表A new movie is to be released tonight. 今晚要發(fā)行一部新電影。6. escape iskeip vi. 逃走，逃跑Some prisoners have escaped. 一些犯人已經(jīng)逃走。The bird has escaped from the cage. 那只鳥(niǎo)逃出鳥(niǎo)籠了。 vt. 逃離（危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)難等）He escaped the trials after the war. 戰(zhàn)后他逃過(guò)了審判。We were lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 我們很幸運(yùn)，沒(méi)有受罰。 7. e

21、ducate edjukeit vt. 教育She was educated in England in the 1930s. 她三十年代在英國(guó)受教育。【相關(guān)詞匯】educated adj. 受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的8. beg vt.& vi. 乞求，乞討He lived by begging. 他靠乞討為生。The man begged (for) money from passers-by. 那男子向過(guò)路人要錢。 vt.& vi. 懇求，請(qǐng)求beg (for) sth. of sb. 向某人懇求beg sb. for sth. 為某事請(qǐng)求某人beg sb. to do sth. 懇求某人做某

22、事beg that 請(qǐng)求某人做某事【從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should) +do”】I beg a favor of you. 我懇求你幫忙。He begged his boss for a day off. 他請(qǐng)求老板給他一天假。She begged me to stay with her. 他請(qǐng)求我留下來(lái)陪她。She begged that I (should) stay with her. 他請(qǐng)求我留下來(lái)陪她。9. reward riw:d vt. 酬謝，報(bào)答，獎(jiǎng)賞I will reward you later. 我以后再答謝你。How can I reward your kindnes

23、s? 我如何才能報(bào)答你的好意呢？n. 【U】【C】報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)賞，酬謝，報(bào)答；獎(jiǎng)金，酬金He worked hard without (any) hope of reward. 他辛勤工作卻不期待報(bào)酬。She offered a reward of $ 2000 for information about her missing son. 她懸賞2000美元，找尋失蹤兒子的下落。10. sentence sentns vt. 給（某人）判刑，宣判（某人）（罪刑）【備注：】此時(shí)，sentence常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。be sentenced to 被判He was sentenced to death/ t

24、hree years imprisonment. 他被判死刑/3年徒刑。短語(yǔ)薈萃1. out of work 失業(yè)的He has been out of work for a year. 他已經(jīng)失業(yè)一年了。【備注】out of work作為介詞短語(yǔ)，多構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，偶見(jiàn)置于名詞之后作定語(yǔ)。失業(yè)了的人們 _ 2. blow up 【vt. + adv.】使充氣；爆炸Can you blow up these balloons? 你能把這些氣球吹起來(lái)嗎？【vi. + adv.】爆炸；被充氣，充氣（于輪胎、球中）3. in trouble 在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、憂慮等的處境中4. turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)

25、向We can turn to him for help. 我們可以求助于他。Turn to the left, please. 5. set up 設(shè)立，建立A new government was set up after the war. 新政府于戰(zhàn)后成立。6. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心7. come to power 當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)Reading I短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)給提供 _；在方面慷慨_；因而感激_；向某人求助_；所受教育很少_；開(kāi)始上學(xué)_；繼續(xù)做某事_；擔(dān)心_；對(duì)充滿希望_；種莊稼_；跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)_；破壞法律_；用暴力反抗暴力_；爆炸_；把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄_；實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想_；使黑人和白

26、人平等_；名詞短語(yǔ)一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期_；學(xué)費(fèi)_；交通費(fèi)_；一家金礦_；想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可的時(shí)期_；介詞短語(yǔ)幾經(jīng)周折之后_；事實(shí)上_；失業(yè)_；其他盡快_；不是就是_；重、難點(diǎn)句子【Reading 1】1. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。generous: someone who is generous is willing to give money, spend time etc, in order to help people or give the

27、m pleasure 慷慨的，大方的be generous to sb. 對(duì)某人慷慨be generous with sth. 在 慷慨be generous in doing sth. 在做慷慨be generous to do sth. 慷慨做某事 He was generous to everybody with money. 他在金錢上對(duì)每個(gè)人都很大方。He is generous with his money. 他出手大方。She is generous in giving help. 她樂(lè)于助人。Your uncle is very generous to buy you that

28、 car for your birthday. 你叔父真慷慨，買那部汽車祝賀你的生日。2. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次見(jiàn)到納爾遜曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。period pirid n.【C】期間，時(shí)期 a period of five months 五個(gè)月 She studied French history for a long period of time. 她長(zhǎng)期研究法國(guó)歷史。【即時(shí)練習(xí)】We went through a perio

29、d _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們

30、的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。課本P85備注：本句使用了擬人的修辭手法。see, find 等動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)有時(shí)是物，使語(yǔ)言會(huì)顯得很生動(dòng)。This old house has seen better days. 這座老房子曾有過(guò)風(fēng)光的日子。Morning found Alex knitting by the window. 清晨克里斯蒂坐在窗邊織毛衣。4The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we ha

31、ve reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。stop vt. 斷絕；扣留The boss has stopped my wages. 老板已停發(fā)我的工資。 阻止，阻擋The policemen stopped the fight. 警察制止了這場(chǎng)斗毆。 The heavy snow stopped him from coming to our party. 那場(chǎng)大雪使他未能前來(lái)參加我們的宴會(huì)。5. we were p

32、ut into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。6. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. 首先我們用和平的方式來(lái)破壞法律，【同義句轉(zhuǎn)換】The way _ we first broke the law in was peaceful. The way in _ we first broke the la

33、w was peaceful.The way _ we first broke the law was peaceful. 7. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there. 糟糕的是我沒(méi)有這個(gè)證件，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢锍錾摹?英語(yǔ)中有一類副詞不修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行說(shuō)明或解釋。Luckily, she wasnt injured. 還算幸運(yùn)她沒(méi)受傷。8. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 請(qǐng)觀察下面句子中的畫線部分：I realized I w

34、as wrong only then. （副詞作狀語(yǔ)）I can earn a livelihood only by working hard. （介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was over. （從句作狀語(yǔ)）請(qǐng)將以上三個(gè)句子分別變成一般疑問(wèn)句：_ ? _ ? _ ? 請(qǐng)完成下面句子：Only then _. Only by working hard _. Only when the war was over _. 【備注】“only + 狀語(yǔ)”位于句首，該句（主句）采用半倒裝語(yǔ)序。一般疑問(wèn)

35、句使用的是半倒裝語(yǔ)序，所以，不知半倒裝語(yǔ)序是啥樣子時(shí)，就參考相應(yīng)的一般疑問(wèn)句。9. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 他們所能住的城區(qū)都是由白人決定的。The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 他們被打發(fā)去住的城外地區(qū)是南非最貧窮的地區(qū)。town n. 【C】【place】a large area with houses, sho

36、ps, offices etc where people live and work, that is smaller than a city and larger than a village 城鎮(zhèn)He lives in a small town. 他住在一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)里。【U】【main center】the business or shopping center of a town （市鎮(zhèn)的）商業(yè)區(qū)，中心區(qū)，鬧市（通常不加冠詞）I go to gown to buy dresses. 我慣于進(jìn)城去買服裝。10. The last thirty years have seen the great

37、est number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。We first broke the law in a way which/that was peaceful. 首先我們用和平的方式來(lái)破壞法律。law 【U】 【system of rules】also the law: the wh

38、ole system（體系，系統(tǒng)） of rules that people in a particular country or area must obey 法律，法break the law 違法be against the law 違法obey/keep the law 守法by law/under the law 根據(jù)法律All people are equal before the law. 法律面前人人平等。【C】【a rule】a rule that people in a particular country or area must obey（個(gè)別的）法律，法規(guī)the gr

39、eatest number of laws 大量法律語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句1. They could not get the jobs _ they wanted. 他們不能做自己想要做的工作。2. We first broke the law in a way _ was peaceful. 首先我們用和平的方式來(lái)破壞法律。3. The parts of town _ they had to live in were decided by white people.The parts of town in _ they had to live were decided by white people

40、. 他們所能住的城區(qū)都是由白人決定的。The parts of town _ they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns _ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. 他們被打發(fā)去住的城外地區(qū)是南非最貧窮的地區(qū)。The school _ I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。【報(bào)紙鏈接】Is th

41、is the factory _ colour TV sets are produced?A. where B. that C. the one D. / 【變通】Is this factory _ colour TV sets are produced? A. where B. that C. the one D. the one where 【報(bào)紙鏈接】Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. where C. w

42、hich D. what【對(duì)比】Is this the factory _ colour TV sets are produced?A. where B. that C. the one D. / Is this the factory _ you visited last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. the one where Is this factory _ colour TV sets are produced?A. where B. that C. the one D. the one where Is this factory _ you

43、 visited last year?A. where B. that C. the one D. / 【特例】 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。【舉一反三】 we were put i

44、nto a position【境況；狀況】in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。4. The day _ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. 納爾遜曼德拉給予我?guī)椭哪且惶焓俏乙簧凶罡吲d的日子。The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my

45、 life. 第一次見(jiàn)到納爾遜曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。time: the particular minute, hour, day etc when something happens or should happen a/the time when 的時(shí)候/時(shí)期 有一段時(shí)間，我很討厭上學(xué)。There was _ time _ I hated to go to school. This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份

46、證不可。【拓展】1. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which2. The film brought the hours back to me【使回想起】 _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where5. 我向一位黑人律師尋求幫助。_ . 合并兩個(gè)句子：Mandela was the black lawyer. I went to the black lawyer for advice. Mandela was the black lawyer _ I went to for advice. Mandela was the black lawyer to _ I went for advice. 曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。6. He failed in t