1、必修四Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生動物研究者It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5點45分，太陽剛從東非的貢貝國家公園的上空升起， Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我們一行人準備按照簡研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜訪它們。 Jane has studied t

2、hese families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 簡研究這些黑猩猩家族已經很多年了，她幫助人們了解黑猩猩跟人類的行為是多么的相似。Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我們當天的首項任務就是觀察黑猩猩一家是如何醒來的。This means going back to the place where we left the family sle

3、eping in a tree the night before. 這意味著我們要返回前一天晚上我們離開黑猩猩一家睡覺的大樹旁。Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在樹蔭下等待著，這時候猩猩們睡醒了，準備離開。 Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后這群黑猩猩向森林深處漫步而去，我們尾隨其后。Most of the time, chimps either feed o

4、r clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. 在大部分時間里，黑猩猩或相互喂食，或彼此擦身，這在它們的家庭里是表示愛的方式。 Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. 簡預先提醒我們，到下午的時候我們就會又臟又累。她說對了。However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. 不過到傍晚時分我們覺得這一切都是值得的。 We w

5、atch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. 我們看到黑猩猩媽媽跟她的幼子們在樹上玩耍，后來看見它們晚上一起回窩里睡覺了。We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. 我明白了猩猩家庭成員之間的聯系像人類家庭一樣緊密。Nobody before Jane fu

6、lly understood chimp behaviour. 在簡之前沒有人完全了解黑猩猩的行為。 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的時間來觀察并記錄黑猩猩的日常生活。 Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. 從孩童時代起，簡就想在動物生活的環境中研究它們。However, this was not easy. 但是，這不是一件簡單的事。When she first

7、 arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. 當她1960年最初來到貢貝時，對女性來說，住進大森林還是很稀罕的事情。Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母親頭幾個月來幫過她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。Her work changed the way people think about chimps. 她的工作改變

8、了人們對黑猩猩的看法。 For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. 比方說，她的一個重要發現是黑猩猩獵食動物。Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. 在此之前，人們一直認為黑猩猩只吃水果和堅果。 She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. 而她曾經親眼看到過一群黑猩猩捕殺一只猴子

9、，然后把它吃掉。 She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.她還發現了黑猩猩之間是如何交流的，而她對黑猩猩肢體語言的研究幫助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社會體系。For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the

10、 life of these animals. 40年來，簡?古道爾一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重這些動物的生活。 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主張應該讓野生動物留在野外生活，而不能用于娛樂或廣告。 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. 她還為黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的保護區。She is leading a b

11、usy life but she says: 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所說的："Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. “我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會涌上心頭。我就會想起實驗室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。 It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. 每當我看著野生黑猩猩時，這個念頭總是縈繞著我。I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?

12、" 我會對自己說：難道它們不幸運嗎？ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. 然后我就想起那些沒有任何過錯卻被關在籠子里的小黑猩猩。Once you have seen that you can never forget ."一旦你看到這些，你就永遠不會忘記”She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaini

13、ng a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. 簡已經得到了她想要得到的一切：在動物的棲息地工作；獲得博士學位；還向世人證明女人和男人一樣也能在森林里生活。She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激勵著人們為婦女們的成就而歡呼喝彩。必修四Unit 1 WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK? 為什么不繼續她的事業？I enjoyed English, biology,

14、and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? 上學時我喜歡英語、生物和化學，但是我進大學該選哪門專業呢？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. 直到有一天晚上坐在電腦旁研究中國的偉大女性時，我才有了答案。By chance I came across an article about

15、a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. 很偶然地，我看到了一篇關于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是婦科專家，She lived from 1901 to 1983. 1901年出生，1983年去世。 It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. 林巧稚似乎一直都在為自己選擇的事業而奔忙，她去國外留學，并寫了很

16、多書和文章。One of them caught my eye. 其中有一本書引起了我的注意。It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. 這是一本小書，介紹如何從婦女懷孕到護理嬰兒的過程中降低死亡率。She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. 她提出了一些可以遵循的簡單的做法，保持嬰兒清潔和健康，讓他們遠離疾病。

17、 Why did she write that? 她為什么要寫這些東西呢？ Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? 林巧稚認為哪些婦女會需要這些忠告呢？ I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我細細地看了這篇文章，了解到那是為農村婦女寫的。Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doct

18、or.也許是她們在遇到緊急情況時找不到醫生。Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起，在那個年代，一個女子去學醫是多么困難啊！That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. 那可是一個女性受教育總是排在男性之后的年代。 Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? 難道她比別人要聰明

19、得多？ Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進醫學院的大門。What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 后來使她成功的是她對所有病人獻出的愛心和體貼。There

20、was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.數不勝數的故事講述著林巧稚如何在勞累一天之后，又在深夜去為貧苦家庭的產婦接生，而這些家庭是不可能給她報酬的。By now I could not wait to find out more about her. 現在我迫不及待地想多了解一些有關她的情況。 I discovered that Lin Q

21、iaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. 我發現林巧稚把畢生都奉獻給了病人，而自己卻選擇了獨身。Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. 她確保了大約五萬名嬰兒的安全出生。By this time I was very excited. 這時候，我非常激動。Why not study at medical college like Lin Qia

22、ozhi and carry on her good work? 為什么不像林巧稚那樣去讀醫學院，繼續她高尚的事業呢？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and. 現在努力提高學習成績、準備大學入學考試還不算晚必修四Unit2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE造福全人類的先驅者Although he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Lo

23、ngping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. 盡管是中國最著名的科學家之一，袁隆平仍然認為自己是個農民，因為他在田里耕作，進行科學研究。Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他被太陽曬得黝黑的

24、臉龐和和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結實的身軀，就跟其他千百萬中國農民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士種植的是被稱為“超級雜交水稻的”的稻種。 In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產水稻的農業先鋒。This special strain of rice makes it po

25、ssible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產量。Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.如今中國每年出產的稻米有60%以上出自這種雜交稻種。Born in a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College i

26、n 1953. 袁博士1930年出生，1953年畢業于西南農學院。Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. 從那時起，找到水稻高產的方法就成為他一生的目標。As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 年輕時，他就看到了稻田增產的巨大需求。 At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. 當時，饑荒是

27、許多農村地區面臨的嚴重問題。Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 袁博士要在不增加土地面積的基礎上尋求達到增收稻谷的途徑。 In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. 1950年，中國農民只能生產五千萬噸稻谷， In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of ric

28、e was produced. 而近來卻生產了將近兩億噸稻谷。These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. 這一糧食產量的增加意味著中國僅僅7%的耕地養活了世界22%的人口。 Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice h

29、arvests. 袁博士現在在印度、越南和很多其他欠發達國家傳播提高水稻產量的知識。 Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 多虧了他的研究，聯合國在消除世界饑餓的戰斗中有了更多的辦法。Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的雜交水稻種子，農民種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with hi

30、s life. 袁博士很滿意他的生活。However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. 但是，他對成名并不在意，并且覺得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. 他寧愿把時間花在自己的業余愛好上。He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 他喜歡聽

31、小提琴樂曲、打麻將、游泳和讀書。Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. 在自己身上花錢或者享受舒適的生活對袁博士來說意義不大。Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. 事實上，他認為一個人有了太多錢，他的麻煩事只會更多，而不是更少。 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip o

32、thers for their research in agriculture. 于是，他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行農業科學研究。Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. 夢想是不花本錢的。 Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. 很久以前，袁博士曾在夢里看

33、到水稻長得像高粱一樣高，稻穗跟玉米穗一樣大，而每粒稻谷像花生米一樣大。 Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 袁博士從夢中醒來，希望能種植一種能養活更多人的水稻。Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. 在很多年后的今天，袁博士還有另外一個夢想，那就是他的稻

34、谷可以出口并長遍全球。One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.一個夢想總是不夠的，尤其對一個熱愛和關心人民的人來說更是如此。必修四Unit2 CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? 化學耕作還是有機耕作？Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. 在過去的半個世紀里，在耕作中使用化肥已經非常普遍。Man

35、y farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. 很多農民喜歡使用化肥。把化肥作為防治農作物病蟲害和提高產量的重要手段。 Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health. 然而，最近科學家發現長期

36、使用這些肥料會造成土地受損，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? 化肥帶來的問題有哪些呢？ First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. 首先，化肥在殺死病菌和害蟲的同時也會殺死有益的細菌和昆蟲，從而破壞土地。Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water

37、for a long time. 化學物質還會在地里和地下水中保存很長時間，This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. 而這會影響到莊稼，進而影響到動物和人類，因為化學成分會進入到農作物中，并且不能被沖洗掉。These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. 隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學成

38、分會在人體中堆積。Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多化學成分能導致癌癥或其他疾病。 In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. 另外，施過化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長得過快而營養不足。 They may look beautiful, but inside there is usu

39、ally more water than vitamins and minerals. 它們表面上很好看，但里面通常是含過多的水分，而不是維生素和礦物質。With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. 由于這些發現，一些農民和消費者開始轉向有機耕作。 Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. 有機耕作就是不用任何化學肥料的耕作。They focus on keepi

40、ng their soil rich and free of disease. 農民關心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. 健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且幫助農作物茁壯成長。 Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. 因此，有機耕作的農民通常喜歡把天然的動物糞便當作肥料。 They feel that this makes th

41、e soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. 他們認為這樣會使地里的土壤更富含礦物質，因而也會更加肥沃， This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.同時還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農作物不受化學物質的污染。Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. 有機耕作的農民也使用很多其他的方法來保持土地肥沃。They often change

42、 the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. 在同一塊地里，他們經常每隔幾年就換種農作物。 例如，種玉米和小麥后來年再改種豌豆或大豆。 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that nee

43、d rich and fertile soil. 像豌豆或大豆這樣的農作物將重要的礦物質帶回土壤，從而使之適宜于種植要求土地肥沃的農作物，比如玉米或小麥。 Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. 有機耕作的農民還種植多種農作物來利用不同層次的土壤。比如，他們先種植生長于淺層土壤的花

44、生，然后再種植生根于深層土壤的蔬菜。Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop還有一些有機耕作者喜歡在農作物之間種草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，從而成為來年農作物的天然肥料。 These many different orga

45、nic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health. 這些不同的有機耕作的方法有著同樣的目標：種植好的糧食，避免損害環境或者人們的健康。必修四Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR無聲的幽默的大師As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face"

46、,維克多·雨果曾經說過：“笑容如同陽光，驅散人們臉上的陰霾”and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 關于這一點，直到今天也沒有人比查理·卓別林做的更好。 He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. 在兩次世界大戰及中間艱苦的歲月里，他給英國和美國人民帶來了快樂。He made people laugh at

47、 a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 在人們感到沮喪的時候，查理使人們開懷大笑，于是他們對自己的生活感到更加滿足。Not that Charlie's own life was easy! 然而卓別林自己的生活也并不容易。He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. 他生于1889年，出身貧寒。他的父母都是雜耍戲院里貧窮的演員。Y

48、ou may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你可能會感到驚奇，查理剛會說話時大人就教他唱歌，他剛會走路時大人就教他跳舞。 Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. 這樣的訓練在當時的演員家庭中是很普遍的，尤其是在家庭收

49、入經常不穩定的時候。 Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家庭更加艱難，所以查理在童年時期就要照顧生病的母親和弟弟。 By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in Engla

50、nd. 在十多歲的時候，憑借著自己的幽默，查理已經在英國成為最受歡迎的童星之一。 He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 他能夠不說話而僅靠動作來模仿傻子做日常的任務。No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining. 看他的表演沒有人會感到無聊-他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。As time went by, he began making films. .隨著時間的推移，他開始拍電影。He

51、 grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 他塑造的可愛的“小流浪漢”角色開始聞名于世，而查理越來越受歡迎。The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking st

52、ick. 這個窮苦的無家可歸的小流浪漢，留著小胡子，穿著大褲子、破鞋子，頭頂著黑色的小圓帽。他手里拿著一根手杖邁著僵硬的步伐四處走動。 This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. 這個角色是個社會生活中的失敗者，但他樂觀的精神和戰勝困難的決心使他受到人們的喜愛。 He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him. 面對并不善

53、待他的人，這個弱者依然保持友善的態度。How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? 然而這個小流浪漢是如何把悲涼的遭遇變得滑稽可笑的呢？ Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. 這里有一個例子，來自于他最著名的電影之一淘金記。 It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. 19世紀中葉，在加利福尼亞州發現了金

54、子。 Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. 像其他很多人一樣，小流浪漢和他的朋友也涌向那里去淘金，但卻沒有成功。Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. 相反，他們被暴風雪困在山邊的一個小木屋中，沒有任何東西可吃。 They are so hung

55、ry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. 他們餓極了，只好煮了一雙皮鞋來充饑。 Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. 查理首先挑出鞋帶來吃，像吃意大利面條一樣。Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. 然后他把皮鞋上端的皮子切下來，就像切下一塊最好的牛排。 Finally he tr

56、ies cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. 最后他試著把鞋底割下來嚼著吃。He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. 他每一口都嚼得津津有味。 The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! 查理的表演是那么有說服力，以至于你會相信這頓飯是他所吃過的最美味的一餐！Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and p

57、roduced the films he starred in. 查理·卓別林自編、自導、自制他主演的電影。In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. 1972年他被授予奧斯卡特別獎，以表彰他在電影界的杰出工作。He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.他生活在英國和美國，卻在瑞士度過了生命中最后的日子，并于1977年安葬在那里

58、。He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence人們熱愛和懷念這位偉大的演員，因為他鼓舞人們并增強他們的信心。必修四Unit3英語笑話Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. 夏洛克·福爾摩斯和華生醫生去山區野營。 They were lying in the open air under the stars. 他們在山區一塊露天的地上躺了下來，頭上頂著星

59、星。Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, "Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?" 夏洛克·福爾摩斯仰望著星空，輕聲地說道：“華生，當你望著美麗的天空時，你想到了什么？” Watson replied, "I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted." 華生回答說：“我想到生命是如此的短促，而宇宙卻是如此的漫長?！?quot;No, no, Watson!" Holmes said. "What do you really think of?." “不，不對，華生！”福爾摩斯說，“你到底想到了什么？” Watson tried again. "I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is." 于是華生又試著回答：“我想到我是如此的渺小，而天空是如此的廣闊。”"Try again, Watson!" s