1、Unit2Workingtheland語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)學(xué)案(新人教版必修4)Unit 2 Working the land一、語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)I單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)）詞匯部分詞語(yǔ)辨析1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession詞形變化1. hunger n.u 饑餓；欲望hungry adj. 饑餓的2. expand v.使變大；伸展expansion n.u,c擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展3. satisfy vt. 使某人滿意達(dá)到要求；滿足需要sa

2、tisfied adj. 對(duì)表示滿意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人滿意的satisfaction n. 滿意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免費(fèi)的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備6. discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到discovery n.被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)者重點(diǎn)單詞 1. struggle vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力 2. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備 3. regret (

3、regretted) vt. (對(duì))遺憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遺憾；惋惜4. reduce vt.&vi. 減少；減縮 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.c,u 焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn)6. comment vi.&vt. 表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論 n.c,u 評(píng)論；議論重點(diǎn)詞組1. thanks to 幸虧；由于；因?yàn)?(有時(shí)作反語(yǔ))2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物擺脫3. be satisfied with 對(duì)表示滿足或滿意4. would rather 寧愿5. build up 逐漸建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)；積累；開發(fā)6. lead to 導(dǎo)致；

4、造成（后果）；通往7. keep.free from/of 使免受(影響/傷害)；使不含(有害物) 重點(diǎn)句子1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法V-ing 的基本用法（見語(yǔ)法部分）II 詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填

5、空所需材料) 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch【解釋】expand指向四面八方的擴(kuò)大擴(kuò)張extend 強(qiáng)調(diào)向某一方向的延長(zhǎng)spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的傳播、蔓延，也指把某物鋪開，把胳膊張開stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，頸由曲變直，由短變長(zhǎng)的伸展或伸出，多與out連用 【練習(xí)】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). The man _ the information around. 2). The empire _ its country in the 16th century. 3). The

6、road builders worked hard to _ the high way.4). She _ out her hands to meet me.5). The project will _ the city s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 4). stretch 5). expand2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession【解釋】occupation指一個(gè)人經(jīng)常擔(dān)任

7、的工作，不論是否領(lǐng)取工資。job非正式用語(yǔ)，指一份固定的賺錢工作，不論是否需要技術(shù)和特殊訓(xùn)練。work多用來(lái)指工作本身，平常我們每做一件事無(wú)論大小，都可以稱為work。employment 指受雇于他人，領(lǐng)取工資謀生計(jì)，并且比較固定的工作。career 指職業(yè)、事業(yè)；指某種經(jīng)過(guò)特殊訓(xùn)練而又為之獻(xiàn)身的終身事業(yè)，帶有崇高色彩。profession 指那些必須受到特殊教育及訓(xùn)練才可勝任，帶有專業(yè)性質(zhì)的工作，多為創(chuàng)造性的腦力勞動(dòng)。【練習(xí)】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). She has a good _ in th

8、e bank. 2). She is an architect by _. 3). She abandoned her stage _.4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find _. 5). Please write down your name, _ and address here in the form.Keys: 1). job 2). profession/occupation 3). career 4). employment 5). occupationIII 詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1

9、. hunger n.u 饑餓；欲望hungry adj. 饑餓的2. expand v.使變大；伸展expansion n.u,c擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展3. satisfy vt. 使某人滿意達(dá)到要求；滿足需要satisfied adj. 對(duì)表示滿意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人滿意的satisfaction n. 滿意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免費(fèi)的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備6. discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到discovery

10、n.被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)者【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). In some poor African areas, many children died of _ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the world population should _ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater _ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from w

11、ork. 4). The rapid _ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports _ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6). The people there enjoy complete _ (free) of speech. 7). The _ (discover) of electricity was Franklin.8). Like many _ (discover), atomic pow

12、er can be used for good or evil. Keys: 1). hunger 2). be sarisfied3). satisfaction 4). expansion5). equipment 6). freedom 7). discoverer 8). discoveries IV 重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. struggle vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏；努力典例 1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他們掙扎著從燒著的車?yán)锿馀馈?). The book is about th

13、eir struggle for liberation. 這本書寫的是他們?yōu)榻夥哦鞯亩窢?zhēng)。詞語(yǔ)歸納struggle for 為而斗爭(zhēng)struggle with / against與作斗爭(zhēng)struggle to do sth.努力做某事straggle to one s feet掙扎著站起來(lái)a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). They are _ (為而斗爭(zhēng)) the position2). They struggled all through the years _ us _ the Japanese.(介詞)3). The fox st

14、ruggled _ (escape).4). He _ _ _ _ (掙扎著站起來(lái)) and dragged slowly ahead.Keys: 1). struggling for 2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2. equip vt.&vi. 配備；裝備 equipment n.u 裝備；設(shè)備典例1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他們?yōu)檫h(yuǎn)征治裝。2). A good education should equip you for lif

15、e. 有良好的教育能受用終生。重點(diǎn)用法equip sb./sth. with 用武裝某人；用裝備某物 equip sb./sth. for 為而武裝某人；為而裝備某物 a piece of office equipment 一件辦公設(shè)備練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). The soldiers were well _ _ (裝備好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _ _ _ (對(duì)付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _ (介詞) atomic research.4). Our

16、 classroom _ _ _ (裝備有) a computer and a tape recorder.Keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with 3. regret (regretted) vt. (對(duì))遺憾；惋惜 n.c,u 遺憾；惋惜典例1). If you go now, you ll regret it. 假若你現(xiàn)在就走, 一定得後悔。2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那個(gè)工作已經(jīng)有人做了。重點(diǎn)用法regret to

17、say/tell/announce/inform 遺憾地說(shuō)/告訴/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遺憾/后悔練習(xí) 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或翻譯。1). I now regret _ (leave) school so young.2). _ _ _ _(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation.3). I regret _ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. Keys: 1). leav

18、ing / having done 2). Much to my regret/To my great regret 3). to inform 4. reduce vt.&vi. 減少；減縮 reduction n.縮減，減少，降低 典例1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把體重從98公斤減少到92公斤。2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 這一改革把我們都降為公務(wù)員了。重點(diǎn)用法reduce sth (from.) to. 把某物

19、從減少到 reduce sth. by. 減少多少練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思填入正確的介詞。1). We must reduce our expenses _ 300 yuan a month. 2). Their output has been reduced _ 10 percent.3). He reduced his weight _ 6 kilos.Keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. c,u 焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn) 典例1). Focus your camera. 把照相機(jī)的焦距調(diào)準(zhǔn)。2). Her beauty

20、makes her the focus of attention. 她長(zhǎng)得漂亮, 很惹人注目。重點(diǎn)用法focus on集中于focus (one s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). The focus of recent research has been _ (介詞) environmental issues. 2). All eyes _ _ (集中于) her.3). They focused their mind on _ (do) the experiment. Keys: 1). on 2). foc

21、ussed on 3). doing vi.&vt. 表達(dá)意見；作出評(píng)論 n. c, u 評(píng)論；議論 典例1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 這件丑聞遭到很多議論。2). “Will you resign, Minister” “No comment!”“部長(zhǎng)，你是要辭職嗎”“無(wú)可奉告。”重點(diǎn)用法comment on/about sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某人評(píng)論make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 對(duì)某事/某人評(píng)論/不進(jìn)行評(píng)論練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). Have you any comment(s)

22、 _ (make) on the recent developments 2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _ _ (發(fā)表意見) no decision had yet been made. 3). She was asked about the pay increase but _ _ _ (不進(jìn)行評(píng)論) on it.Keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment V 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料）1. thanks to 幸虧；由

23、于；因?yàn)?(有時(shí)作反語(yǔ)) 典例1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多虧你的幫助, 減少了許多麻煩。2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多虧這個(gè)倒霉天氣, 比賽取消了。重點(diǎn)用法thanks to 相當(dāng)于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 2

24、). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 4). Thanks to him, I m getting better and better . 5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . 練習(xí) 翻譯句子。 1). 多虧了新的政策，我們現(xiàn)在過(guò)著幸福的生活。_ 2). 多虧了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句

25、) _3). 由于交通堵塞我遲到了。_Keys: 1). Thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life.2). It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.3). I was late thanks to the traffic jam. 2. rid sb./sth. of. 使某人/某物擺脫 典例1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饑荒。2). The dentist

26、rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科醫(yī)生把他的壞牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 重點(diǎn)用法 rid 短語(yǔ)：be rid of 擺脫 get rid of 擺脫；除掉；去掉rid a house of mice 清除室內(nèi)老鼠rid oneself of debt 還清債務(wù)類似用法動(dòng)詞inform/ warn/ cure sb. of 通知/警告/治愈某人練習(xí) 翻譯填空。1). He struggled to _ _ _ (使自己擺脫) his guilt.2). The proposals are an attempt to _ _ _ (

27、使國(guó)家清除) political corruption.3). He was a boring nuisance! I m glad to _ _ _ (擺脫他的糾纏) him.4). I still can t _ _ _ (擺脫) my cold.5). The sales manager asked his men to _ _ _ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.6). The passengers _ _ _ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.Keys: 1). rid himself o

28、f 2). rid the country of 3). be rid of 4). get rid of 5). inform him of 6). are warned of3. be satisfied with = be content with 對(duì)表示滿足或滿意典例1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我對(duì)那個(gè)結(jié)果感到不滿意。2). Youve done well at school. Im very satisfied with you. 你在學(xué)校干得不錯(cuò)，我對(duì)你很滿意。重點(diǎn)用法sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人滿意sb. is

29、 satisfied sth. 對(duì)表示滿足或滿意be satisfied to do 對(duì)做感到滿意be satisfied that clause 對(duì)做感到滿意a satisfied smile 滿意的微笑a satisfied customer 感到滿意的顧客feel a sense of satisfaction感到滿足感to sb s / sth s satisfaction 使某人滿意的是far from satisfactory 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿足it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人滿意的a satisfactory explanation / per

30、formance令人滿意的解釋/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one s work 從自己的工作中得到滿足練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思用satisfy 的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). I am not _ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it. 2). The result doesn t _ (satisfy) me. 3). What he has done is far from _ (satisfy).4). He hung up the phone, _ (satisfy) with a smile o

31、n his face.5). It can be very _ (satisfy) to work in the garden.6). Finance officials expressed _ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.Keys: 1). satisfied 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). satisfaction4. would rather 寧愿典例1). I d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意

32、坐公共汽車。2). “Some more wine” “Thank you, I d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再來(lái)一點(diǎn)酒好嗎”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我還得開車回家呢。”重點(diǎn)用法would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 寧愿做甲事(而不做乙事) would rather sb. did sth.寧愿某人做某事練習(xí) 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或翻譯。1). I would rather you _ (know) now, than afterwar

33、ds.2). Rather than _ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer _ (walk). 3). 她寧可死也不愿失去孩子們。_Keys: 1). knew 2). ride; to walk 3). She d rather die than lose the children. 5. build up 逐漸建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)；積累；開發(fā)典例1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白質(zhì)以增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation.

34、 他正在努力逐步贏得好的聲譽(yù)。練習(xí) 翻譯填空。1). Slowly a thick layer of fat _ _ (越聚越多) on the pan s surface.2). Exercise will help _ _ (增強(qiáng)) the muscles. 3). They have finally _ _ (建立) a big company.Keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up 6. lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）；通往典例 1). This misprint led to great confusion. 這個(gè)印刷錯(cuò)誤造成很

35、大的混淆。2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行為有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致他丟了工作。短語(yǔ)歸納 lead短語(yǔ)：lead sb. to 把某人帶到 lead sb. to do sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/帶領(lǐng)某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 導(dǎo)致某人做某事練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思填空或按要求填空。1). The events _ _ the start of the First World War.2).What led him _ (kill) his wife? 3)

36、. He had led everyone _ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). Our research led us _ (介詞) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). Too much work and too little rest often _ _ illness.6). He will lead the party of scientists _ (do) the research. 7). Failure often lies in laziness

37、while hard work _ _ success.8). The driver s carelessness _ _ the serious traffic accident.Keys: 1). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to 6). in doing 7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in 7. keep.free from/of = protect sb./sth. from. 使免受(影響/傷害)；使不含(有害物) 典例 1). We should keep oursel

38、ves free from drugs. 我們應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離毒品。2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽煙不喝酒。練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子意思填空。1). We ve managed to _ the garden _ _weeds this year.2). Relaxation exercises can _ your body _ _ tension.Keys: 1). keep; free of 2). keep; free of VI 重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。 解釋 不定