1、.Unit4Astronomy: the science of the stars語法篇_要求學生掌握本單元的重點語法-名詞性從句中的主語從句一、主語從句的引導詞主語從句通常由連詞that和whether、連接代詞或連接副詞以及關系代詞型what引導。1.that引導That he is still alive is a wonder.他還活著，真是奇跡。That we shall be late is certain.我們要晚了，這是確定無疑的。That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他無視工人階級是很自然的。Th

2、at she is still alive is a consolation. 她還活著是使人感到寬慰的。That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence. 她成為畫家可能是受她父親的影響。That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你將來倫敦是好久以來我聽到的最好消息。That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑選上，在她

3、村子里引起很大轟動。2.whether引導Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否對我們有害還要看一看。Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。3. 連接代詞引導Whoever is top from wins the game when two matched players meet.兩強相爭勇者勝。Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize. 無論你們誰先到都可以得獎。Whichever

4、you want is yours. 你要哪個哪個就是你的。4. 連接副詞引導When we arrive doesnt matter.什么時候到沒有關系。How it was done was a mystery. 這是怎樣做的是一個謎。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這件事怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。How many people we are to invite is still a question. 邀請多少人還是一個問題。Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里過暑假不關

5、你的事。5. 關系代詞型what引導What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點。Whats done is done. 事已成定局。What he says is not important. 他說的話并不重要。What I am telling you is mere impressions. 我和你說的都不過是一些印象而已。What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 為河水增色的是水

6、里的荷花。What you need is a good-sized canvas bag.你需要的是一個比較大的帆布袋。What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. 我擔憂的是他們把他帶到葡萄牙去。What struck me was that they have all suffered a lot.給我很深印象的是他們都受過很多苦。二、主語從句與形式主語it有時為了考慮句子平衡，通常在主語從句處使用形式主語it，而將真正的主語從句移至句末。這分三種情況：1對于以連詞that引導的主語從句，通常用形式主語代主語從句：Its a p

7、ity that he didnt come.很遺憾他沒來。It is important that he should know about this. 他必須知道此事。Its vital that we be present. 我們出席是至關重要的。It was intended that you be the candidate. 大家的意圖是讓你當候選人。It is important that this mission not fail. 這項使命不失敗至關重要。It is essential that a meeting be convened this week. 本周開一次會非

8、常重要。It is appropriate that this tax be abolished. 廢除這個稅是恰當的。Its unfair that so many people should lose their jobs. 竟有這么多人失業這是不公平的。Its amazing that she should have said nothing about it.她竟未談及此事令人驚訝。Its unthinkable that they should deny my request. 他們竟然回絕我的懇求，這是不可思議的。That they should refuse to sign th

9、e petition required great courage. 他們回絕在請愿書上簽字這是需要很大勇氣的。2 對于以連接代詞副詞引導的主語從句，可以使用形式主語代主語從句，也可直接在句首使用主語從句：Whether they would support us was a problem. 他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。It was a problem whether they would support us. 他們是否會支持我們還是一個問題。It remains to be seen whether it will do us harm or good. 它對我們是利是害，還得看看再

10、說。3對關系代詞型what引導的主語從句，通常直接將主語從句放在句首。如：What we need is money. 我們需要的是錢。What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是這一點。有時也可將助用形式主語。如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。4假如句子是疑問句，那么必須用帶形式主語it的構造：Is it true that he is the girls father? 他是那女孩的父親，是真的嗎?How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又遲到了?三、連詞that的省略

11、問題引導主語從句的連詞that 有時可省，有時不能省，其原那么是：假設that引導的主語從句直接位于句首，那么that不能省略;假設that引導的主語從句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主語it，那么that可以省略：That you didnt go to the talk was a pity. 很遺憾你沒去聽報告。that不可省It was a pity that you didnt go to the talk. 很遺憾你沒去聽報告。that可省1.2019上海期末_ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is gene

12、rally agreed.A. WhetherB.WhyC. That D. What2. 2019全國大綱Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whetherB.whyC. whenD. how3.2019天津I think_ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who4.2019北京Some people believ

13、e _has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD. however5.2019吉林There is solid evidence_ watching 3D movies can have side effects on the viewers.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. how根底演練1._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B.

14、That C. How D. Where2. I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is3. Water，which seems so simple and common，is _ makes life possible.A. what B. that C. which D. how4. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.A. who B. whoever C.

15、 whomever D.no matter who5. When you are reading，make a note of _ you think is of great importance.A. which B. that C. what D. when6. Mr. Smith asked the boy a question_ he could go to the concert with him.A. whether B. that C. what D. if7. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket

16、 money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which8. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if9.When asked _ they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A. what B. why C. who

17、m D. which10.The reason _ he didnt come is _ he was ill.A.why;that B.that；why C.why; because D.why;what穩固進步1.With his work completed，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.A. which B. that C. what D. whether2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent fro

18、m the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. that C. where D. because3. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.A. where B. howC. what D. which4.He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morn

19、ing.A. that B. where C. what D. which5.Can we get everything ready by the weekend?It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation.A. that B. what C. whether D. if6._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who7. The boss refused to sell the car for

20、_ he thought was not satisfactory.A. that B. which C. how D. what8. It makes little difference to me _we go or stay.A. whether B. whereC. that D. how9.The two people speak different languages and cannot communicate with each other well.Oh，I see. Thats _ misunderstanding occurs.A. when B. whatC. that

21、 D. why10. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. whatC. how D. which1.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A What B That C This D Which2.we cant get seems better than _we have.A What, what

22、 B What, that C That, that D That , what3.some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How4. It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether5. When chan

23、ging lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know.A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A however B whatever C whichever D when

24、ever7. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which8. Have you finished the book?No, Ive read up to_ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where9. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we

25、 would face. A. whatB. howC. thatD. why10. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what11. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather cl

26、osely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether12. One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why13. When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A. since B. which C

27、. that D. Because14. There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.A. whatB. ifC. howD. that15. It never occurred to humans until the mid-1990s _ some animals can be cloned. A. where B. that C. when D. what _一、 完型填空A little boy invited his mother to attend h

28、is schools first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boys 1 ,she said she would go. This 2 be the first time that his classmates and teacher 3 his mother and he felt 4 of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar疤痕that5 nearly the entire right side of her face. Th

29、e boy never wanted to 6 why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were 7 by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother 8 the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed為難and 9 himself from everyone. He did, however, get within 10 of a conversation between his mother and his teache

30、r. The teacher asked 11 ,“How did you get the scar on your face?The mother replied,“ 12 my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was 13 afraid to go in because the fire was14 , so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed my

31、self over him trying to protect him. I was knocked 15but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us. She 16 the burned side of her face. “This scar will be 17 ,but to this day, I have never18 what I did.At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes.

32、 He held her in his arms and felt a great 19 of the sacrifice犧牲that his mother had made for him. He held her hand 20 for the rest of the day.1.A.enjoymentB. disappointmentC. surpriseD. excitement2.A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. must3.A.noticedB. greetedC. acceptedD. met4.A. sickB. ashamedC. afraidD. ti

33、red5. A. includedB. passedC. coveredD. shaded6. A. talk aboutB. think aboutC. care about D. hear about7. A. impressedB. surprisedC. excited D. comforted8. A. in sight ofB. by means ofC. by way of D. in spite of9. A. hidB. protectedC. separated D. escaped10. A. understandingB. remindingC. hearing D.

34、learning11. A. carefullyB. seriouslyC. nervouslyD. anxiously12. A. AsB. WhenC. SinceD. If13. A. soB. muchC. quite D. too14. A. out of controlB. under controlC. in controlD. over control15. A. helplessB. hopelessC. senseless D. useless16. A. pointedB. showedC. wiped D. touched17. A. uglyB. lastingC.

35、seriousD. frightening18. A. forgotB. recognizedC. consideredD. regretted19. A. honorB. senseC. happinessD. pride20. A. quietlyB. slightlyC. tightlyD. suddenly二、閱讀理解Healthy Habits, Healthy BodyFeel tired lately? Has a doctor said he cant find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital

36、, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you. Then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth亞安康. Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease. According to the investigation調查 by th

37、e National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthypeople are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-weeks. Symptoms征兆include a lack of energy, depression壓抑, slow reactions, insomnia 失眠, agitation,

38、 and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate 輪流的work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air ac

39、tivities. As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish because they are rich in nutritional elements vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body. Nutrition營養 experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract消化系統. They also s