1、An Overview of Animal Identification in Relation to Food Safety and Animal HealthIntroduction簡介nAcknowledgement to Dr. Robert Fourdrainen致謝：Robert Fourdraine博士Why ID animals? 為什么要作個體識別？nProducer - Herd management/Biosecurity生產者畜群管理/生物安全nUniversities - Research/Genetics大學科研/遺傳nGovernment - Health pro

2、grams/Emergency management政府健康計劃/緊急措施The real issue:真正的問題：nConsumers - Consumer Confidence消費者消費者的自信心Consumer Confidence 消費者的自信心消費者的自信心nEurope 歐洲nFoot and Mouth Disease (Early 2001)口蹄疫（2001年初）nBSE “Mad Cow” Disease (Ongoing since late 1980s)瘋牛病（從十九世紀八十年代持續至今）nJapan日本nBSE “Mad Cow” Disease (Late 2001)

3、瘋牛病（2001年末）nUSA美國nHazard of Pathogens (E-Coli/Salmonella)病原體危機（大腸桿菌/沙門氏菌）nBSE 瘋牛病Food Safety食品安全1)Prevention of a crisis 預防危機發生-Control the borders 控制國境線-Food inspection食品監察-Best management practices最佳管理措施2)Reaction to a crisis危機發生后的反應-Response time is critical 回應時間非常重要-Does China have a better ID s

4、ystem today then 5 years ago? 中國的個體識別體系比5年前有進展嘛？3)Assess economic impact評估經濟影響- Mandatory versus Non-mandatory強制性與非限制性The Ultimate Goal? 最終目標？Or, Should we start here? 或者應該從現在開始？Birth 出生出生Market市場市場Slaughter屠宰屠宰If so, what do we need first?如果開始，首如果開始，首先需要什么？先需要什么？nUnify Animal ID programs, and link

5、animal recording systems to meet the needs of the industry 統一個體標識計劃，把個體記錄系統與奶業需求聯系起來nAddress the issue of electronic data flow, database administration and accessibility to ID systems and methods解決個體識別系統的電子數據流、數據庫管理和個體識別數據的訪問問題以及處理辦法nDesign and test methods to cost effectively track animals from far

6、m to market and market to slaughter設計并檢驗能高效跟蹤個體從農場到市場和從市場到屠宰場的過程的方法The answer is: F.A.I.R答案就是FAIR系統nModel for a National Identification System全國個體識別系統的模式nEndorsed by the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding由奶牛育種委員會認可nPilot project coordinated by Holstein Association and funded by a cooperative agreement

7、 between USDA-APHIS VS領航計劃，由荷斯坦牛協會協調， USDA-APHIS VS共同協議資助nPilot states are: New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, California試行州包括：紐約州、賓夕法尼亞州、威斯康星州和加利福尼亞州nPilot started in 1999, 領航計劃始于1999年n120,000 animals recorded120,000個體登記n75,000 with RFID75,000個體使用無線電頻率（RFID）標識What issues does FAIR Address?FAIR解決了什么

8、問題？食品安全食品安全動物健康動物健康遺傳改良遺傳改良貿易貿易生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈生產鏈Definitions 定義Premise ID: 固定資產編號固定資產編號Unique ID within a state that provides a location of the production unit (provided by state department). Combined with 2 character State code this should be unique across the country.在州內唯一的編號，說明生產單元所在地（由州政府提

9、供）。與本州的兩個縮寫字母編號組合在一起形成全國統一的獨特編碼。for example例如: NY 23123American ID:個體編號個體編號Country Code 國家編號3 characters 3個字符ID number個體編號12 characters (alpha numeric) starting at 50,000,000 12個字符（數字）從50,000,000開始For example例如: USA 60000012Fair Project FAIR計劃nPhase 1) Determine the animals origin第一階段確定個體來源nEstablis

10、h a farm premise 建立農場資產號nAllocation of American ID to a Farm 將美國個體統一編號使用到農場中nPhase 2) Track animals第二階段追蹤個體nCross reference RFID tag with American ID將RFID耳標與美國個體編號聯系nInstall electronic readers at various production points在各生產部門安裝電子識別器Identification Methods 識別方法nVisible ID 可見標識nHerd management ID牛群管理

11、標識nAmerican ID美國標識nPremise ID資產標識nElectronic ID電子標識nRFID tag used in conjunction with visible IDRFID與可見標識聯合使用Phase 1)第一階段nObtain Premise ID 獲得資產標識nOrder Visible ID (and RFID) tags定購可見標識（和RFID標識）nAssign American IDs to Premise賦予某資產以美國標識nLoad FAIR database下載FAIR數據庫nObtain RFID numbers from manufacture

12、r從制造商處獲得RFID的編號nLoad RFID numbers and cross-reference with American ID下載RFID號，并與美國標識相聯系nID animal in FAIR (Species, Breed,DOB, Sex, etc)FAIR計劃中的個體標識（品系，品種，出生日期，性別，等等）Phase 2)第二階段nInstall RFID Reader at Markets在市場上安裝RFID閱讀器nInstall RFID Reader at Packing Plants在包裝廠安裝RFID閱讀器nDevelop Information System

13、開發信息系統Information System信息系統nObtain data from various sources via:從以下各信息來源獲得數據：nPC-based Software developed by FAIRFAIR開發的個人計算機使用的軟件nFarm ID data 農場個體識別數據nMarket/Packing Plant 市場/包裝廠nHandheld-based Software developed by FAIR FAIR開發的手持電腦使用的軟件nFarm RFID tagging and health data 農場RFID耳標和健康數據nData stored on Unix system with Informix database數據存貯在Unix系統的Informix數據庫nInformation can be accessed via 數據可通過以下網址訪問Lookup an Animal查找一個個體Animals at Premise農場個體Animal Contacts個體聯系X XF.A.I.R Applied! FAIR已