1、專題20 校園學習話題指導實例指導1畢業晚會本文寫作的中心是圍繞“如何舉辦即將到來的畢業晚會”這個主題來展開，屬于記敘文范疇，所以應該使用一般將來時態來表述觀點，人稱上應以第一人稱為主。2. 提煉要點：本篇習作的要點有兩個：第一，對參加者的描述；第二，對整個晚會的設計。通過對作文要點的分析，更有利于我們設計文章的整體結構。3. 理清層次：為了保證層次間在意義上的連貫以及自然的過渡，適量銜接詞的使用在本文的寫作中是必不可少的。比如在描述如何舉辦晚會時，可以運用一下表示順序的過渡詞語，如：At first, then, at last等；舉例說明時可用：such as, besides, as w

2、ell as等。4寫作思路1） 遣詞：詞匯的選擇與運用是書面表達考查的重要內容，單純地使用常見的普通詞匯無法使寫作水平提高。我們應該在避免生僻詞匯的基礎上合理、恰當地學習使用高級詞匯與短語，特別是寫作內容中所涉及的修飾語成分，比如形容詞、數詞和副詞。如：Make the party goodmake the party unforgettableThe good friendshipthe lifelong friendshipFor startingfor the opening Be overcome to an endBe necessarycant be left outTry to

3、dospare no effort to do文章中可能用到的其他詞匯和短語有：concerned, support, headteacher, prepared, performance, crosstalk, include, delicious, highlight, play a leading role, as well as, such as, besides, last but not least, leave out, because of, after all, take photos, take part in.2） 構句：在表達不同的要點時，應注意句式多變，活用

4、語法，避免單一化。比如，擅用各類復合句、非謂語動詞、倒裝句、介詞結構等來恰當銜接各個簡單句，才能體現較高的英語構句水平。比如：1）As far as I am concerned, we students should play a leading role to make the party unforgettable. 使用了特殊句式As far as I am concerned。2）Because of the lifelong friendship, teachers will be invited as well as our parents who support us so s

5、trongly. 在這個句子中使用了地道英文短語和who引導的定語從句。3）As you can see, the farewell party means so much that we will spare no effort to do well. 這個句子中運用了so that 引導的結果狀語從句。4）As you know, how to plan the party is the most important question. 疑問詞加不定式作主語。3）謀篇：寫作的篇章要求是文通理順、前后銜接自然而不突兀，因此我們在組合所有的要點時，不能單純地將句子堆砌在一起，而應該挑選適合本文

6、的銜接詞，以達到意義連貫的目的。另外當文章基本完成時要再次通讀全文，檢查文章中有沒有拼寫和語法錯誤，內容要點是否齊全等。實例指導2校園幫派類【寫作任務】 為預防和控制青少年違法犯罪，我國于1999年頒布了、中華人民共和國預防未成年人犯罪法，對此問題予以了相當程度的重視。但是由于各種原因，青少年違法犯罪現象仍然大量存在，而且往往與校園幫派有著千絲萬縷的聯系；那么我們該如何看待校園幫派現象呢?針對此問題，請你用英語寫一篇詞數為120-150的英語短文投給學英語報社發表自己的看法： 參考詞匯： 幫派：gang 恐嚇、威逼：bully 【寫作指導】本寫作任務是一篇議論體裁的文章。寫作時要注意論點、論據

7、和論證方法。題月要求寫一篇文章向報社反映目前中學校園中存在的“幫派”現象，這個話題對大多數學生來說并不陌生。班級中校園中目前存在的“幫派”現象比較嚴重，少則幾人，多則幾十人、幾百人。“幫派”的存在嚴重威脅到校園秩序。學生加入幫派，一部分是出于自愿，既有講江湖義氣，加入幫會以壯大“小圈子”勢力的，也有經常受欺負、希望加入幫會后有幫派中的“大佬”(或者“大哥”)為其 How to View Gangs in Schools? It must be pointed out that gangs made up of several boys or girls, the number of which

8、 sometimes even reaches up to several hundred, can be widely seen among middle school students. Not only does a gang have bad effects on students, but also it affects the normal teaching order at school. Most of the gang members are students who are, aggressive and prefer to smoke, drink and play co

9、mputer games rather than study. Some are willing to join in the gang in order to strengthen the power of their own circles; others just want to get protection from "The Elder Brother"of the gang and still some are forced to do so. Experts suggest that these students be guided correctly in

10、order to avoid them doing harm to society. I think that teenagers should put their time and energy mainly into study. Avoiding joining m any gang means avoiding committing crimes later on 【教師點評】這是一篇以議論為主的書面表達，全文共分三段。第一段作為引子提出“校園幫派”存在的現象， 用非常肯定的句型：It mustbe pointed out that gangs can be widely seen a

11、mong middle school students，；第二段分析“幫派”成員特點和他們加入“幫派”的不同原因，并用一句話. Experts suggest that these students be guided correctly in order to avoid them doing harm to society.得處“幫派”現象的存在是危險的這一結論；第三段對“幫派”是否應該存在這一現象發表自己的看法。整篇文章符合高分書面表達的特性： 1、段落完整，層次分明2、語法正確，用詞恰當3、表達個人觀點。具有一定的思想性句型的使用符合以下幾個原則：1、倒裝句原則 2、定語從句原則3、并

12、列復合句原則 4、虛擬語氣句原則5；高級詞語原則(動名詞作主語和賓語)【佳句欣賞】1） Not only does a gang have bad effects on students, but also it affects the normal teaching order at school. （倒裝句）2) Most of the gang members are students who are, aggressive and prefer to smoke, drink and play computer games rather than study. (定語從句)3）Expe

13、rts suggest that these students be guided correctly in order to avoid them doing harm to society. （suggest 引導的虛擬語氣的賓語從句）4） Some are willing to join in the gang in order to strengthen the power of their own circles; others just want to get protection from "The Elder Brother"of the gang and

14、still some are forced to do so. （并列復合句）5） Avoiding joining m any gang means avoiding committing crimes later on （動名詞短語作主語和賓語）實例指導3早戀現象【寫作任務】 如今中學生早戀現象在校園黑出現的越來越多。有的人認為應該制止；有的人認為沒有必要干涉，只要不影響正常學習即可。作為中學生，你如何正確看待這個問題?請你寫一篇120-150詞的英語短文來陳述你的觀點或看法。參考詞匯：早戀puppy love 寫作指導 把更多的經理放在學習上，這樣寫起來就會有條不紊、條理清楚、詳略得當，

15、使所寫的文章中心突出。3 在寫作時要住意使用銜接成分使上下文過渡自然，【學生習作】 【教師點評】 1. 本篇習作基本完成了寫作任務，并且文章結構合理。第一段直接點題，提出中半生早 戀現象越來越多，第二段分三部分敘述了早戀帶來的問題。第三部分闡述自己的觀點：中學生應該把更多的精力放在學習上。 2. 從本篇習作看。作者的語言表達能力功底深厚，例如：文章使用了一些高級詞匯，增加 了文章的亮點，使文章增色不少例如：介詞concerning，動詞短語引distractfrom, concentrate on以及make+賓語十賓語補足語結構：，最后一段使用了It is urgent 句型以及倒 裝，增強

16、了文章的表現力。3從文章結構上來講，三部分安排合理，有效地使用了過渡性詞語使文章結構緊湊，語言連貫、文章的不足之處在于有明顯的語法錯誤。 實例指導4中學生是否可以穿時尚的服裝寫作任務:假如你是某中學的學生,最近在你們班的英語班會上就"中學生是否可以穿時尚的服裝？"的問題展開了討論。請你根據下表的討論結果,給你校校報"英文寫作"欄目投稿,客觀地介紹討論的情況。(詞數:不少于120)意見60的同學認為不可以穿時髦的衣服40的同學認為應該穿時髦的衣服原因   1. 價格昂貴，而學生沒有經濟收入；(1). 好看，時尚；(2). 追求

17、時尚會牽扯精力，影響學習；2. 作為當代的年輕人不應該太保守，應適應時代的發展；3. 學生應該穿著樸素，時髦的服飾不符合中學生身份。4. “愛美之心人皆有之”，追求美是中學生的權力。寫作分析:1. 根據寫作任務得知,本文要求大家寫一篇論說文,介紹關于時尚服飾穿著的討論結果。全篇文章應該以一般現在時為主,人稱宜使用第一人稱。2. 可將文章分為三部分,第一部分介紹論題,第二部分介紹關于時尚服飾穿著的正反兩方面意見,第三部分總結討論結果。3. 正反觀點可以用以下短語:on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary等等。表述每個觀點的邏輯關系時,

18、可運用以下連詞。表并列關系:and, or, not only .but also；表轉折關系:but, yet; 表因果關系:because, as, since。 初稿: One day we had a discussion about whether students should wear fashionable clothes. 60% of the students are against the idea. They said, "Fashionable clothes are too expensive and we havent made money y

19、et. We teenagers should put our hearts into study. Going after the fashion will waste our time and it will have a bad effect on our study. We should be dressed in a simple way, and fashionable clothes dont fit in with the environment at school."     40% of the students said,

20、 "We can wear fashionable clothes, because they are good-looking and popular. As a young student in China, one should follow the fashion of the modern life." They also think that they have right to enjoy their beauty.教師點評:    本篇作文條理清晰,明確表達了兩種觀點及其原因。但也有不足之處:1. 作者只是將寫作任務中

21、的表格提示做了字面上翻譯,語言略顯生硬。2. 在文章結尾處沒有寫出全班一致的意見。 教師點評:1. 作者將要點整合,準確地表達了復雜的邏輯關系,條理清晰,使文章渾然一體。2. 在文章中使用了一些恰到好處的復雜句式,句型富于變化,主動被動交替使用,例如:60% of the students, who are against wearing fashionable clothes, said . / We are expected to dress simply . 表現出作者很好的語言功底。 Powerful Sentences:(關于議論文的句式和結構)1. Nowada

22、ys, some may hold the opinion that . But others have a different attitude. As far as I am concerned . My arguments are as follows .2. Faced with this problem, quite a few people argue that . but others think differently. 3. Now growing numbers of people are coming to realize that . 實例指導5-Ought

23、to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?【寫作任務】隨著科技和社會的發展，人們的想象力越來越豐富，隨之而來的便是越來越多的科幻小說問世。科幻小說以其緊張、新奇、刺激的情節極大地吸引著人們的眼球，尤其是青少年和在校的中小學生，有的同學看科幻小說著了迷，甚至耽誤了學習，荒廢了學業。不過，有的同學也不以為然。請以Ought to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?為題，寫一篇120詞左右的文章發表你的看法。注意行文連貫流暢，內容充實完整參考詞匯：1. vulgar 粗俗；2. creativi

24、ty 創造力【寫作指導】 從內容和要求來看，本文是要求寫一篇議論性的敘述文。此類文體要求同學們在仔細審題后按照題目的提示和要求，全面準確地表達出必要的信息。這篇文章可分為四部分來寫：一是給出文章的中心即人們爭論的焦點。二是敘述反對多看科幻小說這部分人的觀點和理由。三是敘述贊同學生多看科幻小說這部分的觀點和理由。四是敘述自己的觀點和看法。文章主要是敘述當前人們對學生多看還是還是少看科幻小說的兩種看法，因而應主要使用一般現在時，可以輔以一般將來時。也可使用should, can, ought to等情態動詞。此文所涉及的詞匯和句型有：1. nowadays2. as a result3. put

25、out4. considering5. aim6. in ones opinion7. too many8. absorb9. as a consequence 10. lead to11. mental health12. scores of13. base on14. broaden15. in terms of16. as for17. as well18. personally19. focus on【組詞成句】根據構思和文章大意使用上述詞匯和正確的句型將各要點表達出來，注意謂語動詞的適當變化形式，以增加語言的表達力；還可以使用不同的句型結構特別是高級句型，如簡單句、并列句、復合句（賓

26、語從句、非限制性定于從句）等；另外，也可以使用一些比較復雜的語法現象，如介詞短語（做后置定語、方式狀語）、不定式（做賓語）、動名詞（做主語、賓語）等，使文章更加出彩。1. People develop their imagination quickly.2. More and more fantasy stories have been put out.3. Teenagers cant read too many fantasy stories as they like.4. Reading fantasy stories takes many students a great deal o

27、f time and energy.5. Some teenagers are too ridiculous that they are completely absorbed in fantasy stories. 6. Scores of students think it right for teenagers to read fantasy stories.7. They think that such stories are based on science fiction.8. Reading them increases our knowledge and broadens ou

28、r mind 9. It also gives us some new ways to look at old situations and makes us look at the world in terms of centuries, not just six months or five years.10. Important as study is, it is not the only thing we can do.Ought to read too many fantasy stories for teenagers?Nowadays, with the development

29、 of the technology and society, people develop their imagination quickly. As a result, more and more fantasy stories have been put out. Is it right for the middle school students to read as many fantasy stories as possible?Considering the main aim for a student, some students dont think so. In their

30、 opinion, teenagers cant read too many fantasy stories as they like. It's reported that reading fantasy stories takes many students a great deal of time and energy. Whats more, some teenagers are too ridiculous that they are completely absorbed in fantasy stories, as a consequence they ignore th

31、eir studies. Even worse, some fantasy stories are too vulgar, which can be harmful for the teenagers mental health. However, scores of students think it right for teenagers to read more fantasy stories. They think that such stories are based on the science fiction, which can lead the direction of sc

32、ience. Reading them still increases their knowledge and broadens their mind. It also gives them some new ways to look at old situations and makes them look at the world in terms of centuries, not just six months or five years.Personally, although it is a good way for teenagers to develop our imagina

33、tion and creativity, as middle school students, we must first focus on studies and put more effort into our schoolwork.【佳句背誦】1. As middle school students, learning more knowledge is our first aim.2. To read many fantasy stories will surely have much influence on their studies.3. Its said that the so

34、me young girls are absorbed in fantasy stories, thus they ignore their studies.4. As middle school students, they should concentrate on their studies at present.5. Reading fantasy stories can enrich our knowledge and broaden our mind.6. Although it is a good way for teenagers to develop their imagin

35、ation and creativity, as middle school students, they must first focus on studies and put more effort into their schoolwork.實例指導6選擇高考志愿 真題展示下表是你根據平時了解所得到的中國高三學生選擇高考志愿的信息。請你根據該表用英語寫一篇150詞左右的簡要介紹，向編輯部反映該情況。 解題步驟第一步 仔細審題，確立主題，明確要求審題是寫好書面表達題的基礎。通過仔細審題，旨在完成五項任務：一定寫作體裁，二定寫作人稱，三定寫作時態，四定寫作主題，五明寫作要求。根據表外文字提示

36、可以確定：寫作主要人稱為第三人稱“students”，字數150左右，不需要寫標題，為短文格式。在時態的確定方面，特定時間用過去時態，經常出現的情況或自己的評述用一般現在時態，此題講述的是一般情況，故以一般現在時態為主。第二步 圍繞主題，提煉要點，編擬提綱1全文主題句：中國高三學生對選擇高考志愿持不同觀點。2. 段落主題句：約35%的同學認為選擇志愿應以個人興趣為主。下述展開句為：興趣是成功之母；被迫學自己不感興趣的專業是痛苦的。（展開句與主題句是因果關系）3. 段落主題句：約45%的同學認為選擇高考志愿.應以社會需要為主。下述展開句為：選擇好的志愿將來容易找到工作；興趣可以培養和改變。（展開

37、句與主題句是因果關系）4. 段落主題句：約20%的同學認為如何選擇高考志愿是一難題。下述展開句為：選擇高考志愿時應聽從父母或老師的意見。第三步 分析要點及提綱，提煉關鍵單詞和短語。第四步 恰當使用句型，連詞成句。在連詞成句時要盡量做到： 套用常用句型和句式多變。一篇文章在表達準確的前提下，應做到單句、并列句、復合句恰當安排，長短句有機結合，非謂語動詞及介詞短語恰當使用，增加文章的生動性，為文章增加亮點。同時，一定要避免些常規句法錯誤的出現，如：無主語或無謂語動詞，時態、語態錯誤，濫用逗號等。將上述提煉出來的關鍵單詞和短語連詞成句為：Chinese high school graduates h

38、ave different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities。About 35% of the students believe the choice should be based on their own interest. Interest is the mother of success. It is a miserable thing to have to spend most of your time studying what you have no interest in. Around 45% i

39、nsist that main consideration should be given to the needs of the society; A good major can make it easy to find jobs after graduation. Interest can be cultivated and changed. About 20% find it too difficult to make a choice；They would rather depend on their parents or teachers to make a decision.第五

40、步 恰當使用連接詞，組句成篇。高考英語書面表達評分標準中其中一項指標是“有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結構緊湊，行文連貫，條理清楚。”根據這一要求，最后還要有效地使用語句間的連接成分，對譯出的要點根據擬定的提綱進行合理組合，從而使文章過渡自然，渾然一體。范文賞析Chinese high school graduates have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities.A survey has been done to study it. We can see from the table th

41、at about 35 percent of the students believe that the choice should be based on their own interest. They say that interest is the mother of success. Besides, it is a miserable thing to have 【范文點評】 該篇文章從總體上來講，能夠把握議論文的特點。語言流暢，能夠正確地利用一些較為高級的詞語，精彩短語（下劃線）、句型（斜體）和過渡詞句（加粗）。人稱使用正確，為第三人稱。能夠把握主體時態：用一般現在時。能夠按題目

42、的要求，涵蓋所要求的內容，并適當增添了一些相關內容，如“A survey has been done to study it”，從而較好地完成了寫作任務，達到了預定的寫作目的。【句型拓展】類似的常用句型有：1. My class had a heated discussion on whether.2. The topic of .is becoming more and more popular recently. 3. The students hold different opinions on this problem.4. There are two sides of opinion

43、s about it. Some people think that . Besides they also think . 5. Some students think it's a good/bad idea to .6. They hold their view for the following reasons. Firstly . Besides, . 7. On the country, some others are against the idea. In their opinion, .8. Some others have just the opposite opi

44、nion. They think that . Meanwhile, . Moreover they also think .9. Personally, I agree with the first (second) view/But I cant agree with them. I think.10. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think., and whats more, . 11. In a word/To sum up, I think that.12. We must take some measures to .13. On

45、the whole , it is high time that every one .14. As a result , we should take some effective steps to . 實戰演練 教師節將近,某英文報紙進行了一次"好老師需要具備什么樣的素質"的調查活動,請根據下列調查記錄內容,以"What Makes a Good Teacher ?"為題目,寫一篇120詞左右的英語短文,適當發表自己的觀點。 學生比例觀點47%對學生有吸引力，并且能理解學生31%具有表演才能，上課生動有趣，并且有耐心22%樂于學習

46、，不斷提高自己的業務能力What Makes a Good Teacher?要求：1、詞數100左右；2、短文的題目已為你寫好。參考詞匯：來源 source 獎學金 scholarship Income Sources of College Students【思路點撥】通過仔細閱讀可以采取對比法和歸納法進行寫作，其寫作要點如下。時態：一般現在時；要點：中美學生主要經濟來源大致相同：父母、兼職工作和獎學金，但是也有不同：美國學生只從父母那里得到50的收入，而中國學生則高達90，相對美國學生，中國學生獨立性較差。將各項要點用英語表達出來：The income of the American and

47、 the Chinese students comes through almost the same channels: parents, part-time jobs and scholarship. But the percentage of each is quite different. Half the American students income is from their parents, thirty-five percent from part-time jobs, and fifteen percent from scholarship. Chinese studen

48、ts, on the other hand, get ninety percent of their income from their parents.In my opinion, there are two main reasons for this. One is that Chinese parents care so much for their children that it is almost unthinkable for students to live on their own. The other is that Chinese students have fewer

49、chances to find part-time jobs.以讀書的方法為題用英語寫一篇短文。（120字左右）主要內容是：讀書的成功與否與讀書方法的正確與否關系甚大。向讀者提幾點建議：(1) 所讀書籍難度要適中，偏難、偏易均不宜。如果發現一本書太難讀，不妨先放在一邊一段時間，換一本容易些的讀。 (2) 讀書固然要讀自己感興趣的書，但更要讀對自己有益的書。 (3) 有的書匆匆瀏覽便可，有的則需細讀、精讀。要隨時記筆記。 (5) Make good use of dictionaries, for dictionaries are your best teachers.中央號召創建節約型社會，可

50、是許多校園內部浪費現象嚴重。請你在班會課上發表演講，號召同學們從我做起，杜絕浪費。提示：浪費現象：水、電；餐廳的食物；其他。危害：自身性格；父母財政負擔；自然資源。制止浪費現象的措施：由自己設想注意：1詞數130左右；演講的開頭和結尾已寫好，不記人總詞數。 2不要逐字逐條翻譯，要組成一篇通順連貫的短文。Dear friends,May I have your attention, please? Now Id like to make a speech here.With the improvement of living standard, there are a lot of waste

51、on campus. For example the students Therefore, Im sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation the better.Thats all. Thank you!Dear friends,May I have your attention, please? Now Id like to make a speech here.With the improvement of living standard, there are a lot of wast

52、e on campus. For example the students leave the lights on in the daytime, water running after washing and remains of a lot of food on the table. Some of the students even ask their parents for pocket money. So it is high time that we had to deal with the problem. The reasons are as follows: In the f

53、irst place, the bad habit of being wasteful will have a bad influence on their own character. Secondly, it add financial burden to their parents. Last but not least, it also exhausted the worlds limited natural resources, water and electricity. But how to reduce the waste? In my opinion, it is every

54、bodys business to fight against waste. On one hand, I should start with myself to save everything. On the other hand, Id like to remind my friends here to take the lead in reducing the waste. Therefore, Im sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation the better.Thats all.

55、Thank you! 2詞數：100左右Senior middle school graduates of our school have different opinions on how to choose their course and universities. Senior middle school graduates of our school have different opinions on how to choose their courses and universities. About 35%of the students believe the choice s

56、hould be based on their own interests. They say interest is the mother of success. It is a miserable thing to have to spend most of your time studying what you have no interest in. Most student（around 45%）,however, insist that main consideration should be given to the needs of the society, for, they argue, not everyone can find the job they like best. Besides, interest can be born and lost.Interestingly, there are about 20% of the students who find it difficult to make a choice and would rather depend on their parents or teachers to make a decision for them.假