1、TEXT3“There is on and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility (C

2、SR) policies as a waste of shareholders money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR,

3、according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a companys products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to t

4、he good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. Al recent study attempts to

5、separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, th

6、ose with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties,. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive l

7、ower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a companys record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern , such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving

8、byabout20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials”, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on

9、the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedmans statement a

10、bout CSR withAtolerance.Bskepticism.Cuncertainty.Dapproval.32.According to Paragraph 2,CSR helps a company byAwinning trust from consumers.Bguarding it against malpractices.Cprotecting it from being defamed.Draising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(line 2,para.4)is clos

11、est in meaning toAmore effectiveBless controversialCless severeDmore lasting34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSR regardAhas an impact on their decisionBcomes across as reliable evidenceCincreases the chance of being penalizedDconstitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the follo

12、wing is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?A Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.B The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown.C Companies financial capacity for it has been overestimated.D It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.31.答案 B Skep

13、ticism解析：作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干問的是作者對(duì)有關(guān)CSR方面Milton Friedman的說(shuō)法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)大寫Milton Friedman這個(gè)人定位到定位到首段首句。注意題干問的是作者的看法，因此定位到后一句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。轉(zhuǎn)折處的主題句式“things may not absolutely clear-cut”，作者持的是否定態(tài)度，選擇答案B。C選項(xiàng)是作者態(tài)度不明確，不能選擇。32.答案 A winning trust from consumers解析：根據(jù)題干找到第二段.根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容,CSR could add value to their business in three

14、ways. 從而定位下面三點(diǎn)。First后面出現(xiàn)了high quality，但是它是在從句中，從句修飾signal,而本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是take，與D中 raising 并不是同義詞，故排除。Second,和third 都與消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買心態(tài)有關(guān)，和A選項(xiàng) winning trust from consumers 相對(duì)應(yīng)。而B，C選項(xiàng)的malpractices和defamed在原文中并未出現(xiàn)，且沒有同義詞，故排除。33.答案 C less severe解析：根據(jù)題干找到第四段對(duì)應(yīng)處?？梢婎}干的 more lenient 是作為修飾 penalties(懲罰) 的，故推測(cè)本句在討論 CSR 和 pena

15、lties 有什么聯(lián)系。而本段與懲罰相關(guān)的詞只有最后一個(gè)詞 fines(罰金)，修飾它的形容詞是lower, 故可推測(cè) more lenient 與降低懲罰有關(guān)，只有C選項(xiàng)滿足。34.答案A has an impact on their decision解析：題干中問的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容到對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)：第五段第一句。本句說(shuō)，.they do seem to be influenced by a companys recore in CSR.這里的 be influenced 與A選項(xiàng) has an impact

16、對(duì)應(yīng)，故選A. 而B選項(xiàng)中的 reliable evidence, C 選項(xiàng)中的 the chance of being penalized 在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)。D選項(xiàng)中的 investigation 與題干中的 When prosecutors evaluate a case 明顯對(duì)應(yīng)不上，故不予考慮。35.答案B The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown解析：該題是一道判斷題，題干問的是有關(guān)CSR哪個(gè)是對(duì)的。先根據(jù)CSR回到最后一段，定位到末段首句。首句提到“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒有回答如下問題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方

17、面花費(fèi)多少錢”。選項(xiàng)B的意思是公司在其方面的花費(fèi)是未知的，屬于原文的同義替換。Text4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle

18、 of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucks isnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away

19、 from print away. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn

20、t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.” Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats wor

21、th making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti would raise pricesand make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd feel like the

22、y were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if youre going to make a print prod

23、uct ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which way be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs $500 a year more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.“Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed do

24、esnt have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is conside

25、ring ending its print edition partly due toAthe pressure from its investors.Bthe complaints from its readers.Cthe high cost of operation.Dthe increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times shouldAmake strategic adjustmentsBend the print edition for

26、good.Cseek new sources of readership.Daim for efficient management.38. It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “l(fā)egacy product”Awill have the cost of printing reduced.Bis meant for the most loyal customers.Chelps restore the glory of former times.Dexpands the popularity of the paper.39. Pe

27、retti believes that, in a changing world,Atraditional luxuries can stay unaffected.Baggressiveness better meets challenges.Ccautiousness facilitates problem-solving.Dlegacy businesses are becoming outdated.40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?AMake Your Print Newspaper a Lu

28、xury Good.BKeep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.CCherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.DShift to Online Newspapers All at Once.36.答案 C the high cost of operation解析：因果細(xì)節(jié)題，問的是紐約時(shí)報(bào)考慮停止紙質(zhì)版新聞?dòng)∷⒊霭娴脑蚴鞘裁?。文章首段首句即是此?nèi)容的同義表達(dá)，二段解釋具體原因，二段二句內(nèi)容 The infrastructure isnt just expensive; its excessive at a time

29、when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints.意思是維持紙質(zhì)印刷的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)不僅僅是貴，是相當(dāng)貴， 而他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手卻沒有這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的限制。37.答案 A make strategic adjustments解析：細(xì)節(jié)題，問的是面對(duì)目前的形勢(shì)，Peretti建議時(shí)代雜志怎么做，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Peretti回文定位至第四段，首句內(nèi)容是Peretti說(shuō)時(shí)代雜志不該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間去想著如何停止紙質(zhì)印刷，而應(yīng)該找到一種正確的方法去解決這件事。接著二句往后在具體說(shuō)明該如何正確解決目前的問題。由此推出答案是A 做出策略上的調(diào)整。38.答案 B is meant for the most loyal customers解析：推斷題與詞匯題的結(jié)合，要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)做出選擇。首先定位在第五段最后一句：I would raise prices and make it int