1、 共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的困境摘要：共享經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的迅速超乎了一些人的想象，2008年，一個(gè)叫做布萊恩切斯基的家伙被迫在街頭賣簡(jiǎn)易早餐只為湊齊自己接下來(lái)一個(gè)月的房租。現(xiàn)如今，這個(gè)美國(guó)男人的公司Airbnb估值已達(dá)300億美元，而這一切都源于那個(gè)正在國(guó)內(nèi)炒得火熱的“共享經(jīng)濟(jì)”。共享經(jīng)濟(jì)似乎打破了一些傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，一種全新的方式在市場(chǎng)上打開自己的局面，但是，隨著其發(fā)展，一些問題也暴露了出來(lái)，是繼續(xù)走下去還是就此止步，這時(shí)候似乎要做一個(gè)抉擇了。關(guān)鍵詞：共享經(jīng)濟(jì) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正文：共享經(jīng)濟(jì)，一般是指以獲得一定報(bào)酬為主要目的，基于陌生人且存在物品使用權(quán)暫時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的一種新的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。其本質(zhì)是整合線下的閑散物品、勞動(dòng)力、教育醫(yī)療

2、資源。有的也說(shuō)共享經(jīng)濟(jì)是人們公平享有社會(huì)資源，各自以不同的方式付出和受益，共同獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)紅利。此種共享更多的是通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為媒介來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。共享經(jīng)濟(jì)牽扯到三大主體，即商品或服務(wù)的需求方、供給方和共享經(jīng)濟(jì)平臺(tái)。共享經(jīng)濟(jì)平臺(tái)作為連接供需雙方的紐帶，通過(guò)移動(dòng)LBS應(yīng)用、動(dòng)態(tài)算法與定價(jià)、雙方互評(píng)體系等一系列機(jī)制的建立，使得供給與需求方通過(guò)共享經(jīng)濟(jì)平臺(tái)進(jìn)行交易。共享這個(gè)概念早已有之，然而隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的真正到來(lái)，共享也成功升級(jí)為經(jīng)濟(jì)共享，而隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)共享無(wú)償分享的早期階段的過(guò)去，基于陌生人間物品的使用權(quán)的暫時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)移而獲得回報(bào)的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)模式使一些企業(yè)獲得了超額的利潤(rùn)，如Uber、壁虎WiFi、Airbnb等都已

3、成為行業(yè)的霸主。經(jīng)濟(jì)似乎就要這樣一直發(fā)展下去了，但是，其實(shí)共享經(jīng)濟(jì)走的并不是一帆風(fēng)順。就是目前，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)依然面對(duì)著許多問題、甚至說(shuō)是困境。首先，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)最初的發(fā)展方向并不是房屋共享或WiFi共享，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的理想也從來(lái)不是Uber也不是Airbnb。2010年當(dāng)雷切爾·博茨曼在TedxSydney上以租用電鉆為例講到共享經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)，他希望共享經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠發(fā)展壯大的正是這類能夠扎根社區(qū)，方便最大眾人群的平臺(tái)，如果你需要電鉆，去平臺(tái)上跟鄰居租而不是買，如果你需要梯子，去平臺(tái)上跟鄰居租而不是買共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的開端始于2007年成立的Ecomodo，2009年成立的NeighborGoods、2010年成立

4、的SnapGoods，那個(gè)時(shí)候幾乎很少有人注意到幾乎在同一時(shí)間成立的Airbnb以及Uber（它們先后與2008和2009年成立），媒體在說(shuō)到共享經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)一致以NeighborGoods為例。然而到了最后，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)展得最好的當(dāng)屬Airbnb與uber、壁虎Wi-Fi等開始沒有被注重的方向。或許，這已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)脫離了共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的初衷。但是也是經(jīng)濟(jì)的共享吧，如果能按這條道路將經(jīng)濟(jì)資源利用起來(lái)，也未為不可，然而，新的問題又出現(xiàn)在了經(jīng)濟(jì)分享上。 就以目前發(fā)展的所謂的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)，問題也是存在的。就說(shuō)最火的Airbnb吧，Airbnb 在華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)發(fā)布的全球創(chuàng)業(yè)公司估值排行榜上名列第四，其最新一輪的估值達(dá)到

5、 255 億美元。似乎很優(yōu)異，不是么？但是Airbnb最近的日子很糟糕，至少看起來(lái)他們很糟糕：紐約州是 Airbnb 在美國(guó)最大的市場(chǎng)，但是紐約州的監(jiān)管方卻對(duì)Airbnb非常不客氣，他們判定 Airbnb 的房屋分享模式是違法行為。舊金山是Airbnb 在美國(guó)的另一個(gè)大市場(chǎng)，更是該公司的大本營(yíng)，Airbnb就是在舊金山誕生的，但是舊金山同樣對(duì) Airbnb非常不客氣。Airbnb于今年七月正式發(fā)起訴訟，和舊金山市政府對(duì)簿公堂。在中國(guó)，Airbnb的發(fā)展似乎也面臨著問題，因?yàn)樵谖覈?guó)，合法的轉(zhuǎn)租需要滿足兩個(gè)條件：1、轉(zhuǎn)租須經(jīng)房屋所有權(quán)人的同意。2、轉(zhuǎn)租的租金不得高于原租金，如確實(shí)需合理提高，提高的

6、收入應(yīng)交給房屋所有權(quán)人。所以，如果企業(yè)想在中國(guó)進(jìn)行房屋的轉(zhuǎn)租，面臨著許多困難，而單單依靠房主自己轉(zhuǎn)租房屋，出租房的量是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。除了Airbnb，Uber司機(jī)的身份也是一個(gè)值得探討的問題。Uber公司在去年7月的一起訴訟中辯稱，“Uber司機(jī)不是Uber的全職員工”。對(duì)此，加州勞工專員辦公室有不同的意見。他們表示，Uber及其加州子公司“認(rèn)為他們只是中立的技術(shù)平臺(tái)，其設(shè)計(jì)是幫助司機(jī)和乘客處理交通業(yè)務(wù)。然而事實(shí)情況是，被告參與了業(yè)務(wù)運(yùn)營(yíng)的每個(gè)方面”。因此，加州勞工專員辦公室認(rèn)為，Uber司機(jī)理應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為Uber的員工，享受屬于全職職工的全部合法權(quán)益。事實(shí)上，不管Uber是否承認(rèn)Uber司機(jī)是全

7、職職工，“全職”的Uber司機(jī)都已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。如何保護(hù)這部分勞動(dòng)者的權(quán)益是值得監(jiān)管部門考慮的問題。一旦這些共享平臺(tái)的服務(wù)提供者從兜售空閑資源轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿毞?wù)提供商，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的性質(zhì)也就開始發(fā)生了改變。這種轉(zhuǎn)變對(duì)平臺(tái)與服務(wù)提供者自身都是一種挑戰(zhàn)，他們很可能面臨被監(jiān)管部門"重點(diǎn)照顧"的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。中國(guó)的另一個(gè)出行經(jīng)濟(jì)共享代表是滴滴打車，而其也面臨著同樣的問題，而且，這些產(chǎn)業(yè)由于剛剛發(fā)展起來(lái)，或者說(shuō)是模式本身的缺陷，出行經(jīng)濟(jì)共享服務(wù)安全問題頻發(fā)。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，但從目前市場(chǎng)上的共享經(jīng)濟(jì)項(xiàng)目來(lái)看，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，能夠提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化服務(wù)的商業(yè)模式已經(jīng)取得了一定的成功，例如滴滴打車和Airbnb，打車和租房都是固

8、定的服務(wù)模式，在硬件上很容易改造升級(jí)，軟性服務(wù)對(duì)人的要求也并不高，但是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化話的服務(wù)目前卻鮮有平臺(tái)能夠做的很好，最大的問題集中在以下幾點(diǎn)：1） 共享經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入門檻低，導(dǎo)致很多并不了解行業(yè)或沒有行業(yè)資源的人入局。2） 缺乏嚴(yán)格的管理措施和手段，無(wú)法保證服務(wù)品質(zhì)成為共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的極大詬病。3） 為融資目的瘋狂提升用戶數(shù)量和服務(wù)商數(shù)量，忽略產(chǎn)品本身4） 服務(wù)難以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，參差不齊的服務(wù)質(zhì)量導(dǎo)致很難形成規(guī)模化的品牌。或許隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)共享模式本身的發(fā)展，這些問題可以慢慢地在發(fā)展中解決完善。有人說(shuō)：共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的理想是當(dāng)今最偉大的理想之一，希望共享經(jīng)濟(jì)可以走得更遠(yuǎn)吧。The dilemma of the share

9、d economyAbstract：The sharing of the economy grew faster than some people imagined. In 2008, a guy called Brian Chesky was forced to sell a simple breakfast in the street just to get his rent for the next month. Now, the American men's company Airbnb valuation has reached 30 billion US dollars,

10、and all this comes from the fiery domestic speculation in the shared “economy". Sharing the economy seems to break some of the traditional economic model, a new way to open their own situation in the market, but, with its development, some problems are exposed. It is a time seems to make a choi

11、ce to continue or stop.Key words: Shared Economy InternetText:Sharing the economy, generally refers to get a certain reward as the main purpose, based on strangers and the temporary transfer of the right to use a new economic model. Its essence is the integration of the line under the idle items, la

12、bor, education, medical resources. Some also say that sharing the economy is that people enjoy social resources fairly, each in different ways to pay and benefit, the common access to economic dividends. Such sharing is more through the Internet as a medium to achieve. Sharing the economy involves t

13、hree main bodies: First, the demand side of goods or services. Second, the supply side and, third, the sharing of economic platform. As a link between supply and demand, the sharing economic platform is established by moving LBS application, dynamic algorithm and pricing, mutual evaluation system an

14、d so on. So that supply and demand side can trade through sharing economic platform. The concept of sharing is long overdue, but with the true arrival of the Internet age, sharing has also been successfully upgraded to economic sharing and, with the passing of the early stages of economic sharing fr

15、ee of charge sharing, the temporary transfer of the right to use goods between strangers The return of the shared economic model to enable some companies to obtain excess profits, such as Uber, Gecko WiFi, Airbnb, etc. have become the dominant industry. The economy seems to have been so continue to

16、develop, but in fact share the economy is not easy to go. At present, the shared economy is still faced with many problems, or even that is difficult.First of all, the shared economy is not the initial direction of housing sharing or WiFi sharing, sharing the ideal economy has never been Uber nor Ai

17、rbnb. When Rachel Bertzman in 2010 TedxSydney to hire electric drill, for example, shared economy, he hopes to share the economy can grow and develop is able to take root in this community, the most popular crowd platform, if you need Electric drill, to the platform with the neighbors to rent rather

18、 than buy, if you need a ladder, go to the platform with the neighbors to rent rather than buy . The beginning of the shared economy started in 2007 Ecomodo, established in 2009 NeighborGoods, established in 2010 SnapGoods, at that time almost no one noticed almost at the same time to set up Airbnb

19、and Uber (they have with 2008 and 2009), the media said to share the economy in the same NeighborGoods as an example. However, in the end, sharing the development of the economy was undoubtedly the best Airbnb and uber, gecko Wi-Fi, etc. have not been focused on the direction. Perhaps, this has been

20、 a bit out of the original intention of sharing the economy.But it is also the sharing of economic bar, if we can use up economic resources in this road, it also can be accepted. However, new problems have appeared in this form economic sharing.So far as the so-called shared economy is concerned, pr

21、oblems also exist. Airbnb, the hottest Airbnb, ranked fourth on the Wall Street Journal's list of global start-up valuations, with its latest round of valuation valued at $ 25.5 billion. Seems very good, is not it? But Airbnb's recent days are bad, at least they look bad: New York is Airbnb&

22、#39;s largest market in the United States, but regulators in New York are very unkind to Airbnb, they determine Airbnb's housing sharing model is illegal. San Francisco is Airbnb in the United States another big market, is the company's headquarters, Airbnb was born in San Francisco, but San

23、 Francisco is also Airbnb very blunt. Airbnb formally launched a lawsuit in July this year, and the San Francisco city hall against court. In China, Airbnb development seems to be facing problems, because in China, the legal sublease need to meet two conditions:1, sublease subject to the consent of

24、the owner of the house.2, the sublease of the rent shall not be higher than the original rent, if indeed a reasonable increase, the increase in income should be handed over to the owner of the house.Therefore, if the enterprises want to sublet the house in China, faced with many difficulties, and on

25、ly rely on the owner to sublease their own houses, the amount of rental housing is far from enough.In addition to Airbnb, Uber driver's identity is also a question worth exploring. In a lawsuit last July, Uber argued, "Uber drivers are not Uber's full-time employees." In this regar

26、d, the California Office of the Commissioner of Labor have different views. They say Uber and its California subsidiary "think of them as a neutral technology platform designed to help drivers and passengers deal with the traffic business, but the fact is that the defendants are involved in eve

27、ry aspect of the business." Therefore, the California Office of the Commissioner of Labor that, Uber drivers should be identified as Uber employees, enjoy full-time employees of all the legitimate rights and interests.In fact, regardless of Uber whether Uber drivers are full-time employees, &qu

28、ot;full-time" Uber drivers are already there. How to protect the rights and interests of this part of the workers is worthy of consideration of regulatory issues. The nature of the shared economy begins to change once the service providers of these shared platforms transition from selling idle

29、resources to full-time service providers. This shift is a challenge for both the platform and the service providers themselves, who are likely to face the risk of being "cared for" by regulators. China's other economic representatives of sharing travel is a drop of a taxi, and it is al

30、so facing the same problem, and that these industries have just developed, or is the model itself flawed travel sharing services security issues frequently.Overall, but from the current market share of economic projects, in general, can provide standardized service business model has achieved some success, such as the drop of a taxi and Airbnb, taxi and rental are fixed Service mode, the hardware is easy to upgra