1、Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision announces higher global minimum capital standards12 September 2021At its 12 September 2021 meeting, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, announced a substantial strengthening of

2、existing capital requirements and fully endorsed the agreements it reached on 26 July 2021. These capital reforms, together with the introduction of a global liquidity standard, deliver on the core of the global financial reform agenda and will be presented to the Seoul G20 Leaders summit in Novembe

3、r. The Committee's package of reforms will increase the minimum common equity requirement from 2% to 4.5%. In addition, banks will be required to hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% to withstand future periods of stress bringing the total common equity requirements to 7%. This reinforces

4、the stronger definition of capital agreed by Governors and Heads of Supervision in July and the higher capital requirements for trading, derivative and securitisation activities to be introduced at the end of 2021. Mr Jean-Claude Trichet, President of the European Central Bank and Chairman of the Gr

5、oup of Governors and Heads of Supervision, said that "the agreements reached today are a fundamental strengthening of global capital standards." He added that "their contribution to long term financial stability and growth will be substantial. The transition arrangements will enable b

6、anks to meet the new standards while supporting the economic recovery." Mr Nout Wellink, Chairman of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and President of the Netherlands Bank, added that "the combination of a much stronger definition of capital, higher minimum requirements and the i

7、ntroduction of new capital buffers will ensure that banks are better able to withstand periods of economic and financial stress, therefore supporting economic growth." 文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅用于個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)Increased capital requirements Under the agreements reached today, the minimum requirement for common equity, th

8、e highest form of loss absorbing capital, will be raised from the current 2% level, before the application of regulatory adjustments, to 4.5% after the application of stricter adjustments. This will be phased in by 1 January 2021. The Tier 1 capital requirement, which includes common equity and othe

9、r qualifying financial instruments based on stricter criteria, will increase from 4% to 6% over the same period. (Annex 1 summarises the new capital requirements.) The Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision also agreed that the capital conservation buffer above the regulatory minimum requiremen

10、t be calibrated at 2.5% and be met with common equity, after the application of deductions. The purpose of the conservation buffer is to ensure that banks maintain a buffer of capital that can be used to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress. While banks are allowed to draw o

11、n the buffer during such periods of stress, the closer their regulatory capital ratios approach the minimum requirement, the greater the constraints on earnings distributions. This framework will reinforce the objective of sound supervision and bank governance and address the collective action probl

12、em that has prevented some banks from curtailing distributions such as discretionary bonuses and high dividends, even in the face of deteriorating capital positions. 資料個(gè)人收集整理，勿做商業(yè)用途A countercyclical buffer within a range of 0% - 2.5% of common equity or other fully loss absorbing capital will be imp

13、lemented according to national circumstances. The purpose of the countercyclical buffer is to achieve the broader macroprudential goal of protecting the banking sector from periods of excess aggregate credit growth. For any given country, this buffer will only be in effect when there is excess credi

14、t growth that is resulting in a system wide build up of risk. The countercyclical buffer, when in effect, would be introduced as an extension of the conservation buffer range. These capital requirements are supplemented by a non-risk-based leverage ratio that will serve as a backstop to the risk-bas

15、ed measures described above. In July, Governors and Heads of Supervision agreed to test a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 3% during the parallel run period. Based on the results of the parallel run period, any final adjustments would be carried out in the first half of 2021 with a view to migrating

16、 to a Pillar 1 treatment on 1 January 2021 based on appropriate review and calibration. Systemically important banks should have loss absorbing capacity beyond the standards announced today and work continues on this issue in the Financial Stability Board and relevant Basel Committee work streams. T

17、he Basel Committee and the FSB are developing a well integrated approach to systemically important financial institutions which could include combinations of capital surcharges, contingent capital and bail-in debt. In addition, work is continuing to strengthen resolution regimes. The Basel Committee

18、 also recently issued a consultative document Proposal to ensure the loss absorbency of regulatory capital at the point of non-viability. Governors and Heads of Supervision endorse the aim to strengthen the loss absorbency of non-common Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments. Transition arrangements

19、Since the onset of the crisis, banks have already undertaken substantial efforts to raise their capital levels. However, preliminary results of the Committee's comprehensive quantitative impact study show that as of the end of 2021, large banks will need, in the aggregate, a significant amount o

20、f additional capital to meet these new requirements. Smaller banks, which are particularly important for lending to the SME sector, for the most part already meet these higher standards. The Governors and Heads of Supervision also agreed on transitional arrangements for implementing the new standard

21、s. These will help ensure that the banking sector can meet the higher capital standards through reasonable earnings retention and capital raising, while still supporting lending to the economy. The transitional arrangements, which are summarised in Annex 2, include: National implementation by member

22、 countries will begin on 1 January 2021. Member countries must translate the rules into national laws and regulations before this date. As of 1 January 2021, banks will be required to meet the following new minimum requirements in relation to risk-weighted assets (RWAs): 3.5% common equity/RWAs; 4.5

23、% Tier 1 capital/RWAs, and 8.0% total capital/RWAs. The minimum common equity and Tier 1 requirements will be phased in between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2021. On 1 January 2021, the minimum common equity requirement will rise from the current 2% level to 3.5%. The Tier 1 capital requirement will

24、 rise from 4% to 4.5%. On 1 January 2021, banks will have to meet a 4% minimum common equity requirement and a Tier 1 requirement of 5.5%. On 1 January 2021, banks will have to meet the 4.5% common equity and the 6% Tier 1 requirements. The total capital requirement remains at the existing level of

25、8.0% and so does not need to be phased in. The difference between the total capital requirement of 8.0% and the Tier 1 requirement can be met with Tier 2 and higher forms of capital. The regulatory adjustments (ie deductions and prudential filters), including amounts above the aggregate 15% limit fo

26、r investments in financial institutions, mortgage servicing rights, and deferred tax assets from timing differences, would be fully deducted from common equity by 1 January 2021. In particular, the regulatory adjustments will begin at 20% of the required deductions from common equity on 1 January 20

27、21, 40% on 1 January 2021, 60% on 1 January 2021, 80% on 1 January 2021, and reach 100% on 1 January 2021. During this transition period, the remainder not deducted from common equity will continue to be subject to existing national treatments. The capital conservation buffer will be phased in betwe

28、en 1 January 2021 and year end 2021 becoming fully effective on 1 January 2021. It will begin at 0.625% of RWAs on 1 January 2021 and increase each subsequent year by an additional 0.625 percentage points, to reach its final level of 2.5% of RWAs on 1 January 2021. Countries that experience excessiv

29、e credit growth should consider accelerating the build up of the capital conservation buffer and the countercyclical buffer. National authorities have the discretion to impose shorter transition periods and should do so where appropriate. Banks that already meet the minimum ratio requirement during

30、the transition period but remain below the 7% common equity target (minimum plus conservation buffer) should maintain prudent earnings retention policies with a view to meeting the conservation buffer as soon as reasonably possible. Existing public sector capital injections will be grandfathered unt

31、il 1 January 2021. Capital instruments that no longer qualify as non-common equity Tier 1 capital or Tier 2 capital will be phased out over a 10 year horizon beginning 1 January 2021. Fixing the base at the nominal amount of such instruments outstanding on 1 January 2021, their recognition will be c

32、apped at 90% from 1 January 2021, with the cap reducing by 10 percentage points in each subsequent year. In addition, instruments with an incentive to be redeemed will be phased out at their effective maturity date. Capital instruments that no longer qualify as common equity Tier 1 will be excluded

33、from common equity Tier 1 as of 1 January 2021. However, instruments meeting the following three conditions will be phased out over the same horizon described in the previous bullet point: (1) they are issued by a non-joint stock company 1 ; (2) they are treated as equity under the prevailing accoun

34、ting standards; and (3) they receive unlimited recognition as part of Tier 1 capital under current national banking law. Only those instruments issued before the date of this press release should qualify for the above transition arrangements. Phase-in arrangements for the leverage ratio were announc

35、ed in the 26 July 2021 press release of the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision. That is, the supervisory monitoring period will commence 1 January 2021; the parallel run period will commence 1 January 2021 and run until 1 January 2021; and disclosure of the leverage ratio and its components

36、 will start 1 January 2021. Based on the results of the parallel run period, any final adjustments will be carried out in the first half of 2021 with a view to migrating to a Pillar 1 treatment on 1 January 2021 based on appropriate review and calibration. After an observation period beginning in 20

37、21, the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) will be introduced on 1 January 2021. The revised net stable funding ratio (NSFR) will move to a minimum standard by 1 January 2021. The Committee will put in place rigorous reporting processes to monitor the ratios during the transition period and will continu

38、e to review the implications of these standards for financial markets, credit extension and economic growth, addressing unintended consequences as necessary. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision provides a forum for regular cooperation on banking supervisory matters. It seeks to promote and st

39、rengthen supervisory and risk management practices globally. The Committee comprises representatives from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,

40、 South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Group of Central Bank Governors and Heads of Supervision is the governing body of the Basel Committee and is comprised of central bank governors and (non-central bank) heads of supervision from member co

41、untries. The Committee's Secretariat is based at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland. Annex 1: Calibration of the Capital Framework (PDF 1 page, 19 kb) Annex 2: Phase-in arrangements (PDF 1 page, 27 kb) Full press release (PDF 7 pages, 56 kb) -1 Non-joint stock companies

42、 were not addressed in the Basel Committee's 1998 agreement on instruments eligible for inclusion in Tier 1 capital as they do not issue voting common shares.最新巴塞爾協(xié)議3全文央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人集團(tuán)央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人集團(tuán)是巴塞爾委員會(huì)中的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，是由成員國央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人組成的。該委員會(huì)的秘書處設(shè)在瑞士巴塞爾國際清算銀行。宣布較高的全球最低資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)國際銀行資本監(jiān)管改革是本輪金融危機(jī)以來全球金融監(jiān)管改革的重要

43、組成局部。9月12日的巴塞爾銀行監(jiān)管委員會(huì)央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人會(huì)議就資本監(jiān)管改革一些關(guān)鍵問題達(dá)成了共識(shí)。這些資本監(jiān)管改革措施一旦付諸實(shí)施將對(duì)全球銀行業(yè)未來開展產(chǎn)生重大的影響。一、會(huì)議的根本內(nèi)容作為巴塞爾銀行監(jiān)管委員會(huì)中的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)，央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人集團(tuán)在2010年9月12日的會(huì)議上巴塞爾銀行監(jiān)督委員會(huì)提供了有關(guān)銀行監(jiān)管合作問題的定期論壇。它旨在促進(jìn)和加強(qiáng)全球銀行監(jiān)管和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。，宣布加強(qiáng)對(duì)現(xiàn)有資本金要求的持續(xù)監(jiān)管，并對(duì)在2010年7月26日達(dá)成的協(xié)議進(jìn)行充分認(rèn)可。這些銀行資本改革措施和全球銀行業(yè)流動(dòng)性監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的推行，履行了全球金融改革核心議程的諾言，并且將在11月份韓國首爾召開的G2

44、0領(lǐng)導(dǎo)峰會(huì)上提交。巴塞爾委員會(huì)一攬子改革中，普通股含留存收益，下同將從2%增至4.5%。另外，銀行需持有2.5%的資本留存超額資本以應(yīng)對(duì)未來一段時(shí)期對(duì)7%的普通股所帶來的壓力。此次資本改革穩(wěn)固了央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人在7月份達(dá)成的關(guān)于強(qiáng)化資本約束和在2021年底前提高對(duì)市場(chǎng)交易、衍生產(chǎn)品和資產(chǎn)證券化的資本需要。此次會(huì)議達(dá)成了一個(gè)從根本上加強(qiáng)全球資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的協(xié)議。這些資本要求將對(duì)長(zhǎng)期的財(cái)政穩(wěn)定和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)有重大的奉獻(xiàn)。安排資本監(jiān)管過渡期將使銀行在滿足新的資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的同時(shí)，支持經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。更強(qiáng)的資本定義，更高的最低資本要求和新的超額資本的結(jié)合將使銀行可以承受長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)金融壓力，從而支持經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)。二、增

45、加的資本要求一最低普通股要求。根據(jù)巴塞爾委員會(huì)此次會(huì)議達(dá)成的協(xié)議，最低普通股要求，即彌補(bǔ)資產(chǎn)損失的最終資本要求，將由現(xiàn)行的2%嚴(yán)風(fēng)格整到4.5%。這一調(diào)整將分階段實(shí)施到2015年1月1日結(jié)束。同一時(shí)期，一級(jí)資本包括普通股和其他建立在更嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之上的合格金融工具也要求由4%調(diào)整到6%。附件一概述了新的資本要求二建立資本留存超額資本 本文將the capital conservation buffer譯為資本留存超額資本。央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人集團(tuán)一致認(rèn)為，在最低監(jiān)管要求之上的資本留存超額資本將應(yīng)到達(dá)2.5%，以滿足扣除資本扣減項(xiàng)后的普通股要求。留存超額資本的目的是確保銀行維持緩沖資金以彌補(bǔ)在金

46、融和經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力時(shí)期的損失。當(dāng)銀行在經(jīng)濟(jì)金融出于壓力時(shí)期，資本充足率越接近監(jiān)管最低要求，越要限制收益分配。這一框架將強(qiáng)化良好銀行監(jiān)管目標(biāo)并且解決共同行動(dòng)的問題，從而阻止銀行即使是在面對(duì)資本惡化的情況下仍然自主發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金和分配高額紅利的非理性的分配行為。三建立反周期超額資本 本文將A countercyclical buffer譯為反周期超額資本。反周期超額資本，比率范圍在0%-2.5%的普通股或者是全部用來彌補(bǔ)損失的資本，將根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境建立。反周期超額資本的建立是為了到達(dá)保護(hù)銀行部門承受過度信貸增長(zhǎng)的更廣的宏觀審慎目標(biāo)。對(duì)任何國家來說，這種緩沖機(jī)制僅在信貸過度增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)累積的情況下才產(chǎn)生作用

47、。反周期的緩沖一旦生效，將被作為資本留存超額資本的擴(kuò)展加以推行。四運(yùn)行期限規(guī)定。上述這些資本比例要求是通過在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范措施之上建立非風(fēng)險(xiǎn)杠桿比率。7月，央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人同意對(duì)平行運(yùn)行期間3%的最低一級(jí)資本充足率進(jìn)行測(cè)試。基于平行運(yùn)行期測(cè)試結(jié)果，任何最終的調(diào)整都將在2021年上半年被執(zhí)行，并通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ê陀?jì)算帶入2021年1月起的最低資本要求中。五其他要求。對(duì)金融系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要的銀行應(yīng)具備超過今天所提標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的彌補(bǔ)資產(chǎn)損失的能力，并繼續(xù)就金融穩(wěn)定委員會(huì)和巴塞爾委員會(huì)工作小組出臺(tái)的意見進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步討論。巴塞爾委員會(huì)和金融穩(wěn)定委員會(huì)正在研發(fā)一種對(duì)這類銀行非常好的包括資本附加費(fèi)，核心資金和擔(dān)保金在內(nèi)的

48、綜合的方法。另外，加強(qiáng)制度決議的工作還將繼續(xù)。巴塞爾委員會(huì)最近也發(fā)表了一份咨詢文件，建議確保監(jiān)管資本在非正常環(huán)境下的損失彌補(bǔ)能力。央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人贊同加強(qiáng)非普通一級(jí)資本和二級(jí)資本工具的損失彌補(bǔ)能力。 三、過渡時(shí)期安排自危機(jī)開始，銀行為提高資本水平已經(jīng)采取了很多努力。但是，巴塞爾委員會(huì)的綜合定量影響研究結(jié)果顯示，截至2021年底，大型銀行從總體上考慮仍需要相當(dāng)大量的額外資本才能滿足新的監(jiān)管要求。那些對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款尤為重要的規(guī)模較小的銀行，大局部已經(jīng)滿足了更高的資本要求。央行行長(zhǎng)和監(jiān)管當(dāng)局負(fù)責(zé)人還就執(zhí)行新的資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出了過渡性的安排。這將有助于確保銀行通過合理的收益留存和提高資本金以滿足更

49、好資本金管理要求的同時(shí)，仍能通過信貸投放支持經(jīng)濟(jì)的開展。過渡時(shí)期的安排在附件二中有概括，包括：一2021年到達(dá)的最低資本要求。在巴塞爾委員會(huì)各成員國國內(nèi)執(zhí)行新的資本監(jiān)管要求將從2021年1月1日開始，各成員國必須在執(zhí)行之前將關(guān)于資本新的要求以法律法規(guī)的形式予以確立。自2021年1月1日起，銀行應(yīng)符合以下新的相對(duì)于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)RWAs的最低資本要求：3.5%，普通股/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)；4.5%，一級(jí)資本/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)；8.0%，總資本/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)。 二普通股和一級(jí)資本過渡期要求。最低普通股和一級(jí)資本要求將在2021年1月至2021年1月逐步實(shí)施。到2013年1月1日，最低普通股要求將由2%提高到3

50、.5%，一級(jí)資本將由4%提高到4.5%。到2014年1月1日，銀行將必須到達(dá)普通股4和一級(jí)資本5.5%的最低要求。到2015年1月1日，銀行將必須到達(dá)普通股4.5和一級(jí)資本6%的最低要求。總資本一直要求保持8%的水平，因此不需要分階段實(shí)施。8%的總資本要求和一級(jí)資本要求之間的區(qū)別在于二級(jí)資本和更高形式的資本。二扣減項(xiàng)比例過渡期安排。監(jiān)管的調(diào)整即扣減項(xiàng)和審慎過濾器，包括金融機(jī)構(gòu)超過資本總額15%的投資、抵押效勞權(quán)、所得稅時(shí)間上有差異的遞延資產(chǎn)，從2021年1月1日起，將完全從普通股中扣除。特別是，監(jiān)管調(diào)整將從2021年1月1日從普通股中減去扣減項(xiàng)的20%，到2021年1月1日的40%，到2021

51、年1月1日的60%，2021年1月1日的80%，最后到2021年的1月1日100%。在這段過渡時(shí)期，其余未從普通股中扣除的資本將繼續(xù)視同為資本。三資本留存超額資本過渡期安排。將在2021年1月到2021年1月間分階段實(shí)施，并從2021年正式生效。在2021年，計(jì)提風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的0.625%，隨后每年增加0.625個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，直到到達(dá)2021年的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加權(quán)資產(chǎn)的2.5%。經(jīng)歷過信貸過度增長(zhǎng)的國家應(yīng)盡快考慮建立資本留存超額資本和反周期超額資本。國家有關(guān)部門應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況酌情縮短這一過渡期。那些在過渡階段已經(jīng)滿足最低比例要求，但是普通股最低資本加上資本留存超額資本仍低于7%的銀行，應(yīng)該實(shí)行審慎地實(shí)行收益留存政策以使資本留存超額資本到達(dá)合理的范圍。四資本中需要取消的工程過渡期安排。現(xiàn)有的政府部門的資本注入將到2021年1月1日后被取消。從2021年1月1日起，不再作為核心資本或者附屬資本的非普通權(quán)益的資本工具將通過10年逐步取消。從2021年1月1日起，在確定這類資本工具的名義價(jià)金融工具的增值局部的計(jì)算將在其到期后逐步取消。不符合核心資本條件的資本工具將自2013年1月1日起從核心資本中扣除。然而，同時(shí)滿足下面三個(gè)條件的金融工具會(huì)不包括在上述扣除對(duì)象