1、2020年衛(wèi)生類職稱英語考試閱讀理解練習(xí)（5）Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess.fewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940s.thenation'svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity（繁榮）hasfaltered（衰退）overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecosto

2、funifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline,itstillhasanenviable（令人羨慕的）recordforturningideasintoprofit.MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSociety,anetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought.aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstitutesha

3、vecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer,andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess.butitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworryth

4、atfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience,eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur（企業(yè)家）,theargumentgoes,thenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity.driven,fleeandwidelyavailablewillSuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogram

5、mestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.弋milethisdebatecontinues.newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany'sresearchnetworks,whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtz,MaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthefourthnetwork,theFraunho

6、ferSociety,thatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.Foundedin1949,theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope'slargestorganizationforappliedtechnology,andhas59institutesemploying12,000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyear,itSwalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Today,therear

7、eevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.31 WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperityATechnologytransfer.BGoodmanagementCHardwork.DFiercecompetition32 WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch？AItisfree.BItisprofit-driven.CItiswidelyavailable.DItiscuriosity-driven.33 TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyinAAsia.BUSA.CEurope.DAfrica.34 WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded？AIn1940.BLastyear.CAftertheunification.DIn1949.35 Theword"expertise''inline3couldb