1、Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How to

2、 Visualize Your SuccessHave you ever heard of visualization (可視化)? Of course you have. Everybodys heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whether they realize it or not. How it works though is an altogether different matter. I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of why visu

3、alizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theories that cannot be proven.The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between whats true and whats imagined. There is an off-cited (經常被引用的) example of an experiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist, Alan Richardson. He took som

4、e basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasnt allowed to either practice or visu

5、alize. At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement, The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced."How can that

6、 be so?"Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time they missed they had in effect, practiced how to miss.The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.Forging a Path through a MeadowIm

7、agine walking home from a new job. You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. If you live in New York youre going to need a great imagination for this one.The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous day. However,

8、 after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn away and theres a farmer with a shotgunand large dog waiting for you at the end. Lets presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want.

9、 What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction? Slim to none would be my guess.After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before relea

10、sing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end, then youll probably find a new way home once youre released fromhospital.The next time youre walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. The same process then begins to take place only

11、this time the original path you made has started to grow back.How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling(虛弱者 ) of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time

12、 you re-think it though it grows in strength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why

13、 people have difficulty snapping negative loops (循環) of thinking. The pathway has been established and its just easier to continue following it than trying to thinkabout something new and form a new connection in the brain.Making Visualization Work for YouVisualization is an incredibly successful an

14、d simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. Thats what the basketball visualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of its

15、elf will not turn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but it will help you succeed more quickly.All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh? Seriously though, that is all there is to

16、 it. How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and its reallynot advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day and then spending 10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object.You can also incorporate the "f

17、ake it till you make it" method in with your visualization to help speed up the process.This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are. Again, its simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.Some peop

18、le have difficulty with this process and tell me its being unrealistic. Well yeh, maybe theyre right, but who cares? If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out, but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out there that havent used this

19、 method or visualization at one time or another. In fact, successful people dont care too much for reality; it just gets in the way and slows them down. What about you?注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答；8-10題在答題卡1上。l. According to the passage, visualization works _A through delving into concepts and theoriesB withou

20、t searching deeply into concepts and theoriesC in a way that could be provenD when playing basketball2. What were the results of the experiment conducted by Alan Richardson in the first two groups?A They both improved to a similar degree.B Group One was much worse than Group Two.C Group Two remained

21、 as they were.D The results were different in the two groups.3. How could the people who only visualized playing basketball do as well as the ones who had actually practiced?A Because they are very intelligent indeed.B Because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.C Because they practiced

22、 before.D Beeanse they saw people who had actually practiced.4. What probably makes you want to try another different direction when you already have one path made?A You already know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.B There is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your wa

23、lk.C The farmer and the dog will wait for you and start attacking you.D You know definitely a better way to be explored.5. According to the passage, why do people have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking?A Because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than kee

24、ping a built path.B Because having the passive thoughts in the brain is much easier than having the positive thoughts.C Because negative thoughts grow in strength much easily.D Because negative thoughts form a easier connection in the brain.6. How is visualization working in the basketball visualize

25、rs brains?A By playing basketball before visualization.B By thinking days and nights about how to hit.C By fooling them that this practice will turn them into NBA stars.D By cheating their own unconscious into believing they know how to hit.7. According to the passage, which of the following will he

26、lp you turn into an NBA star more quickly?A To think about NBA stars every day.B To watch NBA games every, day.C To fool your own unconscious.D To visualize it and practice.8. Its not advisable visualizing your success and in your head.9. When we combine "fake it till you make it" and , it

27、 can help us succeed quickly.10. is not very important for successful people, because it just gets in the way and slows them down.文章精要無論人們是否意識到，視覺化在日常生活中普遍存在，而且起著重要的作用。本文講述了視覺化如何運作，以及如何通過視覺化加速成功。文章先通過打籃球的例子指出想象在人的思維中所起的重要作用；然后通過現實生活申找路的例子，講述了如何在思維中建立想象的路徑，以及怎樣用想象來使我們達到成功的目的。1B根據題干信息詞visualization和wo

28、rks定位到文章第一段末句，即：視覺化并不需要專研其概念和理論也能運作，選項B中的searching deeply into相當于原文的delving into，故選B。選項A與原文相反。原文中提到那些概念和理論還未被證實，所以選項c也不對。2A根據題干信息詞experiment和Alan Richardson定位到文章第二段。本題問的是“Alan Richardson試驗中前兩個隊的結果是什么?”文中提到：被要求每天想象打籃球的人與實際練習打籃球的人水平相似，故選A。3B根據題干信息詞visualized和actually practiced定位到文中“How Can that be so?

29、”問題下，即文章第四段。本題問的是“那些僅僅想象打籃球的人是怎么做到與每天實際練習打籃球的人做的一樣好呢?”文中提到：被要求想象打籃球的人是依靠在思維中建立感覺和記憶達到成功的，故選B。文中并未提及他們是否聰明、是否以前練習過打球或者看過別人練習打球，故排除A、c、D。4C根據題干信息詞try another different direction定位到文章第六、七段。本題問“當你已經找到了一條路時，在什么情況下會使得你想嘗試換另一個不同的方向?”文中提到：如果農夫用槍襲擊你，并放狗咬你，一旦你從醫院康復出來，你就有可能尋找一條新的路回家，故選C。選項A(你已經知道這條路行得通而且是一條愉快且輕松的路)，原文中提到，在這種情況下換路的可能性幾乎沒有，slim在這里意為“(希望、可能性)微小的，渺茫的”。選項B(有一個長滿長草的牧場可以縮短20分鐘步行時間)，這是指沒有抄近路之前，而題于是you already have one path made的情況，所以排除。5A根據題干信息詞difficulty snapping negative loops ofthinking定位到文章第二個小標題下的第二段。本題問的是“日常生活中，人們為什么很難停止消極思維的惡性循環”，該段第二句提到：由于思維已經形成，保持它比在大腦中試著想象新的事情、形成新的連