1、1語法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一） 句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足 語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。 例如：During the 1990s, America n country musichas become more and more popula（

2、.（名 詞）We ofte n speak En glish in class.（代詞）One-third of the stude nts in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞）To swimin the river is a great pleasured不定式）Smokingdoes harm to the health.（動名詞）The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）When we are going to have an English tests not been decided.（主語從句）It isnecessaryto

3、 master a foreign language it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的 不定式）（三） 謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語， 一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、 簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。女口：He practicesrunning every morning.2、復(fù)合謂語： （1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。女口：You may keep the bookfor two weeks. He has caughta bad cold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students（四） 表語： 表語用以說明主

4、語的身份、 特征和狀態(tài)， 它一般位于系動詞 （如be, become, get, look,grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、 不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is anAmerican（名詞）Is it yours（代詞）The weather has turnedcold（形容詞）The speech isexciting.（分詞）Three times seven istwenty on（數(shù)詞）His job is to teach English （不定式）His hob

5、by（愛好）is playing footbal（動名詞）The machinemust beout of order.（介詞短語）Time is up. The class isover（畐寸詞）The truth is that he has never been abroa d表語從句）（五） 賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：They we nt to see anexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）2The heavy rain preventedmeform coming to school on time.（代詞）How ma

6、ny dictionaries do you have? I havefive.（數(shù)詞）They helped the oldwith theirhousework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）He pretendednot to see me （不定式短語）I enjoy listening to popular musi（動名詞短語）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）賓語種類： （1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They e

7、lected him their monitor（六） 賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和 從句充當(dāng)。例如：His father named him Dongming（名詞）They pain ted their boatwhite（形容詞）Let the fresh air in.（畐寸詞）You mustnt force hito lend his money to yo（不定式短語）We saw heren

8、tering the room（現(xiàn)在分詞）We found everyth ing in the lab in good order（介詞短語）We will soon make our city what your city is now（從句）（七） 定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）China is adevelopingsountry; America is a developecbountry.（分詞）There are thirty womenteachers is our scho

9、ol.（名詞）His rapid progress in En glish made us surprised.代詞）Our mon itor is always the first to en ter the classroom不定式短語）The teaching pla nfor n ext term has bee n worked out.（動名詞）He is reading an articleabout how to learnEnglish （介詞短語）（八） 狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成 分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：Light trav

10、els most quickly（副詞及副詞性詞組）He has lived in the city for ten years （介詞短語）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination不定 式短 語）He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）Wait a minute（名詞）Once you beginyou must continue.（狀語從句）狀語種類如下：How about meeting againat six?（時(shí)間狀語）Last night

11、 she didnt go to the danbepartye of the rain（原因狀語）I shall go there if it doesn.t r條件狀語）3Mr Smith lives on the third floor（地點(diǎn)狀語）She put the eggs into the baskeWith great care（方式狀語）She came inwith a dictionary in her hand（伴隨狀語）In order to catch up with the otherSmust work harder.（目的狀語）He was so tiredt

12、hat he fell asleep immediate!* 結(jié)果狀語）She works very hardthough she is old（讓步狀語）I am taller than he is（比較狀語）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questio n after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunti

13、ng together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beiji ng.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He man aged to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to

14、 ask me for advice.13. He foundjj importa nt to master En glish.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronun ciati on is not_so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He not

15、iced a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（一）、謂語（ = ）、賓語（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Imhelpi ng my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest mon th here. It is the time of year for the riceharvest, so every day I w

16、ork from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark bythe lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it iscolder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, myDad has only two men working for him. But he

17、 employs4more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain inthe summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pumpwater from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語(一)、狀語(=

18、)、補(bǔ)語()：Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make usvery happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meattoomuch in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home afterthe party. In your

19、letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are fivedifferent time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. Howmany different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Pleasegive my best regards to your paren

20、ts.四、選擇填空：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and cold D. were wetand coldA. sweetsB. sweetly C. nicelyD. sweet) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. late

21、lyB. lateC. latest D. latter)5. The actor _ at the age of 70.A. deadB. died C. dyed D. deaded)6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, our)7. He found the street much _ .A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded ) 8.I thinknecessary tolearn English well.A. its

22、 B. itC. that) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being looked)10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in which、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定） ：He is six years old; She didn2） 疑問句 （一般、 特殊、 選擇、 反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or

23、 seven) 3. The apple tasted _(D. We, weD. crowdedlyD. that isD. was lookedD. where5years old? Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dontctlaalsksin4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American b

24、oys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單 句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語 從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句） 、定語從句和狀語從句等。e.g. The foreign

25、visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g. He is a student.2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g. We work.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、 主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、 主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這

26、一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類1、 表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybutalsoneithernor -then等連接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.2、 表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror,othen等。e.g. Hurry up, or you miss the train.3、 表示轉(zhuǎn)折， 常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little manwith

27、thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、 表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year forrive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（四）高考考點(diǎn)探討1、 簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題 不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達(dá)中，沒有最基 本的

28、遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。2、 祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意 疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。3、高考對簡單句、 并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。 如：and, but,or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、 關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從 句最為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來， 這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常考查。女口：We will go outing if it

29、doesnt rain tomorrow練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.62. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home atseven

30、in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjo

31、y country music.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it isthe summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottestmonth here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work fromdawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go

32、 on working after dark by the lights of ourtractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it iscolder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）.Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But heemploys more men for the harves（t

33、）. My brother takes care of the vegetablegarden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, wehave to water the vegetable garde（n）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garde（n）.Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even a

34、t harvest tim（e）. These partiesoften make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）.Its great（）! Americans eat a lot of meattoo much in my opinion（）.Some of my friends drink beer（）. I dont, because I have to drive home after theparty（）. In your letter you asked about the time in differ

35、ent areas of the State（s）. There are five different time areas in the State（s）. In my state we arefourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you havein China（）? Well, I must stop and get some slee（p）. Please give my bestregards to your parents（ ）.78. Im sorry to have to s

36、ay this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left theroom last night.A. and B. but C. so D. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.A. Henry hasnt tooB. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some

37、love climbing, _ others enjoyswimming.A. or B. for C. while D. so11.Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?she is15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.A. or B. so C. for D. yet16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. was making B. makesC. is makingD. mad

38、e17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.A. but B. and C. orD. yet18.Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.what you wantand I can get it for you.B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me三、選擇填空：1. Give me one more minuteIll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. if2

39、. Its the third time that John has been late, _ ?A. hasnt he B. isnt heC. isnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. soD. hasnt itD. What an4. Let us pass, _ ?A. shant weB. shall we5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?A. do I B. dont I6. You had better not smoke here, _ ?A.

40、 will youB. had you7. Train as hard as you can _ youA. thenB. butC. wont weC. is heD. will youD. isnt heC. shall youD. have youll win the swimming competition.C. andD. or- Id like to go out. A. or B. and12.“ _is the temperature today?-”A. Which B. How13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?A. Yes,

41、he isntB. No, he isnt14. _ friendly _ to everyone!A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. but D. so Its38 degrees.C. How hotC. No, he isC. How, she isD. How highD. He isD. WhatA. Tell meD. If you tell8me19. As he is strong,_can lift onehun dred poun ds.A. yet heB. butheC. and20. - I thought you had an umbre

42、lla.- I had,_ IA. sinceB. butC. because s asleep in the n ext room.C. TurnedD. Turn-I dontike chicken_ I like fishC. or, andD. or, but23. - Would you like to come to dinner toni ght? busy.24. Would you like a cup of coffee_ shall we get dow n to bus in ess right away?A. andB. the nC. orD. otherwise2

43、5. She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.A. arrivi ngB. to arriveC. hav ing arrived D. and arrived26.“Can t you read? ” Mary said_ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. andan grily poin ted27. She thought I was talking about her daughter,_ , in fact, I w

44、as talking about mydaughter.A. whomB. whereC. whichD.while28._ it with me and Ill see what I can do.you30._ him and the n try to copy what he does.A. MindB. Gla nee atC. Stare atD. Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）3. There

45、 will be a sports meet at the end of this mon th,_ ?完成反意疑問）4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）D. heve lost it.D. so21. _ dow n the radio - the babyA. Turni ngB. To turn22. - I don t like chicken_ fish.very much.A. and, andB. and, butId like to,_ IA. andB. soC. asD. butA. When left

46、B. Leavi ng29. - Alice, you feed the bird today,_ ?A. do youB. will youC. If you leaveD. Leave- But I fed it yesterday.C. didnt youD. dont95. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening改為一般疑問句）6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）8. The

47、y could hardly believe his words,_ ?（完成反意疑問）9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（對畫線部分 提問）參考答案：練習(xí)一：一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、 形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；

48、16、賓語（間賓+直賓）；17、狀語， 狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；20、表語二、 略三、 略四、15 CBDBB 610 ACBAB練習(xí)二：一、1、簡單句；2、復(fù)合句；3、簡單句；4、簡單句；5、并列句；6、復(fù)合句；7、并列句；8、 復(fù)合句；9、簡單句；10、簡單句I hope you are very well（復(fù)合句）.Im fine, but tired（簡單句）.Right now it is the summervacati on and rm helpi ng my Dad on the farm（并列句）.August is the hottest mon th here（簡單句）It is thetime of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并歹U句）Sometimes we go onworki ng after dark by the lights of our tractors（簡單句）.We grow rice in the south of the States, but