1、高中英語(yǔ)專題講解-完形填空解題技巧一、完型填空試題主要特點(diǎn)：1 .通常從一篇250詞左右,夾敘夾議的文章中設(shè)空20個(gè),首句不挖空做完形填空時(shí)要注意文章開頭提示句的點(diǎn)題作用和短文中完整句的啟示作用；2 .考點(diǎn)層次可分為四類：?jiǎn)卧~層次,詞組層次,句子層次與語(yǔ)篇層次,突出語(yǔ)篇的理解,突出文化背景；3 .干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密,一般說(shuō)來(lái),四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語(yǔ)法上并不存在錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用.二、完形填空的解題思路：1句子理解考查單句語(yǔ)境中詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用2上下文理解考查并列句及復(fù)合句語(yǔ)境中詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用3段落理解圍繞段落主旨的段落語(yǔ)境中詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用4文章中央理解一圍繞文章中央的文

2、章整體語(yǔ)境中詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用三、為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是失分較多？1 .沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格遵循做題步驟：多數(shù)同學(xué)測(cè)試時(shí)擔(dān)憂時(shí)間緊,在沒(méi)有弄清短文的中央和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下匆忙做題事實(shí)上我們用在這一題上的時(shí)間可以到達(dá)15-18分鐘.切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時(shí)間進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和根本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空2 .不注意積累做題技巧：a.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系；b.遇到長(zhǎng)句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語(yǔ)義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇.四、完型填空考查內(nèi)容1 .語(yǔ)篇信息詞匯手段：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法手段：替代省略語(yǔ)法工程邏輯手段：順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系分指關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系因果關(guān)系2 .語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)

3、語(yǔ)境理解詞匯1 .原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)AllofasuddenIstartedtofeelrather_1_.ShewonderedwhyIwaslookingforthissortof2.Ifeltevenmorehopelesswhenshetoldmethatitwouldbedifficulttogetajobwithoutexperience.1. A.encouragedB.dissatisfiedC.hopelessD.pleased2. A.placeB.jobC.adviceD.help Everystudentmustweartheir1whentheyareatschool.Ther

4、eare2itemsofuniforms:suits,dresses,shorts,skirtsandT-shirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbagscapsandsocks.1. A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2. A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling1,butIalwaysknewhewas2_.henevercriticizedus,but

5、usedpraisetobringoutourbestfathersaid:"whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw".1. A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener2. A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learnedIfhecouldreplacehisgreatpainwithafeelingofloveforothers,thenIshouldbetogiveupmysmallirritation惱火.A.readyB.likelyC.freeD.ableStudentsg

6、enerallyappreciatethesespeciallearningopportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessorsthemtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverAtthetablenexttominesatanattractive,couple,waitingforservice.A.lonelyB.curiousC.well-dressedD.bad-temperedThenex

7、tdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool.Mrs.BidenwasntasenthusiasticasJenna."I'msorry,butwehaveenoughwriterforthenewspaperalready.AmitteeB.newspaperC.radioD.teamIwenttoWasleyCollegewithWinnictoday.Wasleyisalarge,old1.Ithasthreebranchcampuses分校：Clunes,GlenWaverlyandElasterwick.Ithas

8、aprimaryschool2schoolandaseniorschool.Sotherearetwelvegradesof3studyingthere.1. A.schoolB.factory2. A.nightB.junior3. A.workersB.boysC.movieD.hospitalAC.highD.spare-timeBC.studentsD.teachersCGarth'se-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthatmessagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.

9、humorous©Beforesettingout,ItoldBarrettthistripwouldbetiringand.A.roughB.dirtyC.anxiousD.violent?Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.ButinsomeplacesitisveryA.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous?Thecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthethanfromthebelow.A.cloudsB.skyC.airD.above?Whenwelookat

10、itasawhole,webegintohavesome,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions?Butthenagain,wouldtherebeachairinRoom316?Orwoulditbeanroom?A.smallB.emptyC.newD.neat2 .詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配Here'safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimselfsomuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.ofCWecanseet

11、hereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthehomefromworkintheevenings.A.wayB.trackC.pathD.roadLeaningback,sheherfeetontothesofatogetcomfortable.A.shookB.putC.bentD.keptTherearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-bookhand.A.inB.atC.byD.on3 .根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義Cassielo

12、okedatme,andherglare.Ilaughed,ShesmiledA.returnedB.remainedC.increasedD.softenedDIknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeabletosomeofthisstrictness.A.putupB.takeupC.pickupD.giveup SoonIheardalikethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout Whenthepaperswereshedisco

13、veredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactlyA.examinedB.completedC.markedD.answered4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇Immediatelytheofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearestD Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir1_.Thiswasthebe

14、ginningofanother2_dayinNewYorkCity.1. A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices2. A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.HoldingAAndvideocamerascanbeusedtopeople'sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch句際關(guān)系

15、1 .語(yǔ)法手段省略替代語(yǔ)法工程ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehadgivenhislife,asCharley,foracausehebelievedright.A./B.hadbeenC.hadD.haddone2 .邏輯手段：分指關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系,解釋關(guān)系,順序關(guān)系,并列關(guān)系 Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters1tobusinesses,schoolsorgovernmentoffices.2lettersareforrelatives,orforme

16、r以前的teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand,butyoushould3aformalletter.1. A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2. A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3. A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman1hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage2London.Hegotoutofhiscarand3thewheels車輪carefully,buta

17、shefoundnothing4hecontinuedhisway.1. A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2. A.toB.forC.fromD.of3. A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4. A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondonstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as Shewassmallinfigurebutstro

18、ngin.A.brainB.wishC.willD.healthAlthoughthehappiesttimeformanystudentsisgettinglettersfromhome,mymailboxwasfrequently.A.emptyB.fullC.closedD.openEverymorningIgotontheschoolbusrightnearmyhome-thatwasnoproblem.Afterschool,whenallthebuseswerelinedupalongthestreet,IwasafraidthatI'dgetonthewrongonean

19、dbetakentosome,unfamiliarneighborhood.A.thoughB.yetC.althoughD.stillHeappearedcalm,insidehisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.A.andB.orC.butD.otherwiseMarkkneltdownandhelpedtheboypickedupthesearticles.theyweregoingthesameway,hehelpedtocarrysomeofthemforhim.A.AlthoughB.sinceC.AfterD.UntilThinkaboutit,whi

20、lewalkingtowork,wemarkwherewearebypassingacertainbuilding,whyshouldwenotmarkwherewearewhenwepassafamiliar,thoughunnamed,person?A.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.HoweverJenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.,highschoolwasdifferent.A.There

21、foreB.HoweverC.OtherwiseD.Besides?Neilsonconsidersherselfluckyshesufferedinjuries.A.andB.butC.thoughD.when?Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen'talwaysmeasuredinmedalsandvictories,butinthestrugglesweovercome戰(zhàn)勝.Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthepeoplewhowin,thepeoplewhodon'tgiveupwhentheylose.A.orB

22、.norC.andD.but?Firstofall,Irespectedhisdevotiontoteaching,IadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalkFinally,Iwasattractedbyhislivelysenseofhumor.全國(guó)卷A.LaterB.SecondlyC.HoweverD.Therefore篇章結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)境理解在做完形填空時(shí),我們要理清文章思路,把握作者的態(tài)度或思想感情,這對(duì)做好一篇完形有著不可估量的作用,否那么可能導(dǎo)致幾個(gè)空格的連續(xù)選填失誤.Therearesomanywo

23、nderfulstoriesabouttheinthisdog,butmyfavoriteisonethatcreatedanimageofhowtowhatisneededwithoutreserve.TearssprungtomyeyesasIwitnessedthisbeautifulactofunconditionalloveformananimalwhotaughtushowtoservelifewithsuchgrace.A.loveB.pleasureC.faithD.memoryA.gainB.abandonC.giveD.get文章主要講我家的狗對(duì)它的朋友的愛(ài)和無(wú)私的給予給作

24、者帶來(lái)的震撼.巧用語(yǔ)境暗示線索解題有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語(yǔ)境我們無(wú)法作出正確的選擇,要想作出正確判斷,同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語(yǔ),尤其注意找出其中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語(yǔ).如：FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthehavemadeuptheirmindstoringthebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest抗議againstheavytruckswhichrundayandnightthroughthenarrowHighStreet

25、.全國(guó)卷A.collegeB.villageC.townD.church完形填空正確做題步驟：跳過(guò)空格,通讀全文,把握大意結(jié)合選項(xiàng),綜合考慮,初定答案瞻前顧后,先易后難,各個(gè)擊破再讀全文,反復(fù)檢查精講精練一WhenSirWinstonChurchill,thegreatBritishPrimeMinister,reachedhiseightiethbirthdayinNovember,1954,hewaspresentedwithhisportraitbyawell-knownmodemartist,GrahamSutherlanD.Thepaintinghadbeenorderedandpa

26、idforto1theGrandOldManofWorldWarn.SirWinstonandLadyChurchillweredeeplymovedbythis2ofrespectandaffection.3ofthem,ofcourse,allowedtheotherstoseehowmuchtheybothdislikedtheportrait."Itmakesmelook4,whichIamnot!protestedChurchillinprivate(私下).5_,heonlyremarkedthatitwasfineexampleofmodernart.Hisfriend

27、ssmileD.ItwasknownthatChurchillsdidn't6modernart.Churchillwassounhappyabouttheportraitthatfinallyhiswifehadit7.Churchilldiedatninetyin1965.LandChurchill8himin1977.Shortlyafterherdeath,thepubliclearnedwhathadhappenedtothe9,andaheatedargumentbrokeout.Thepainterwas10saD.Theartistcommunity,shockedan

28、d11,saidthatthedestructionofthepicturehadbeenacrime(罪行).Historianssaidthattheyregrettedthedisappearanceofa(n)12document.AllagreedthatChurchillsdidn'thavethe13todowhattheyhaddone.GrahamSutherlandhadtoldChurchillthathewould14him“ashesawhim.Churchillneverhadachancetoseetheworkin15sincethepainter16t

29、oshowittohim.Hefoundoutonly17hereceivedhispresentthatSutherlandhadseenhim18aheavy,sick,tiredoldman.Sincehehatedoldage,hewasnaturally19.Whohastherighttoaworkofart,theowner,thedonor,ortheartistwhocreatedit?Wastheportraitagoodone,asmany(includingthepainter)said?Orwasitbadasothersthought?Noneoftheseques

30、tionshavebeenansweredyettoeverybody'2(s1.A.giveB.regardC.paintD.honour2.A.markB.pieceC.prizeD.trade3.A.NeitherB.BothC.EitherD.All4.A.wiseB.gentleC.stupidD.happy5.A.FortunatelyB.ObviouslyC.StraightD.Publicly6.A.careforB.looklikeC.turndownD.makeup7.A.hiddenB.hungC.destroyedD.returned8.A.mournedB.m

31、issedC.followedD.buried9.A.paintingB.manC.womanD.artist10.A.understandablyB.unexpectedlyC.unreasonablyD.unthinkingly11.A.afraidB.regretfulC.curiousD.angry12.A.interestingB.colorfulC.expensiveD.historical13.A.chanceB.rightC.powerD.courage14.A.helpB.obeyC.paintD.show15.A.progressB.placeC.needD.sight16

32、.A.agreedB.promisedC.refusedD.hated17.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.though18.A.asB.toC.aboutD.for19.A.movedB.worriedC.tiredD.hurt20.A.surpriseB.disappointmentC.delightD.Satisfaction精講精練二Itwasalreadylatewhenwesetoutforthenexttown,Jaccordingtothemapwasaboutfifteenmilesawayontheothersideofthe2.Therewefelt3tha

33、twewouldfindabed4thenight.Darknessfellsoonafterweleftthevillage,butluckilywemet5aswedrovefastalongthenarrowwindingroadthat6thehills.Asweclimbed_7,itbecamecolderandrainbegantofall,8itdifficultattimestoseetheroaD.IaskedJohn,mycompanion,todrivemore9.Afterwehadtraveledforabouttwentymiles,therewasstillnosignofthetownwhichwas10onthemap.Wewerebeginningtoget11.ThenwithoutwarningthecarstoppeD.Aquick12showedthatwehadrunoutofpetrol汽油.Althoughwehadlittlefoodwithus,wedecidedto13thenightinthecar.Ourmealwassoonover.Itriedtogotosleepatonce,14John,wh