1、在SAT考試中，主謂一致這個(gè)考點(diǎn)占了一定的比例。就拿新版OG來(lái)說(shuō)，十套題共有490道語(yǔ)法題，其中改進(jìn)段落題（Improving Paragraphs）有60道，改進(jìn)句子題（Improving Sentences）和句子挑錯(cuò)題（Identifying Sentence Errors）共430道。IP里面很少出主謂一致的題目，但在IS和ISE的題目里主謂一致這一考點(diǎn)就占了9%左右，也就是說(shuō)，10套題里面平均每套就有4道考主謂一致的題目。可能有的同學(xué)覺(jué)得，每套題有49道題考語(yǔ)法，那么錯(cuò)這4道主謂一致題沒(méi)什么，更何況還有容錯(cuò)率。但是，如果同學(xué)們并不能保證剩下的45道語(yǔ)法題都能做對(duì)，那么請(qǐng)每一位同學(xué)都嚴(yán)

2、肅認(rèn)真對(duì)待這4道主謂一致題，更不要把容錯(cuò)率當(dāng)成資本暗自?xún)e幸，量變到質(zhì)變，沒(méi)有局部哪來(lái)整體？沒(méi)有這些小分的累積何來(lái)高分？所以一定不能掉以輕心。 主謂一致主要考察的是主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致，也就是說(shuō)考查主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)，這不僅僅取決于主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，有的時(shí)候還要看懂主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義，更在有些時(shí)候，要揭開(kāi)廬山真面目，找到句子中真正的主語(yǔ)。這就是主謂一致主要遵循的三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致，意義一致，就近原則。 語(yǔ)法一致是什么意思呢？其實(shí)就是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，在語(yǔ)法上保持一致。比如，2009年5月份考過(guò)這樣一道題：Turquoise-inland

3、frog and bird figures seems to have played an important role in prehistoric ceremonies in what is now the southwestern United States. A. seems to have played an important role B. seems to have played important roles C. seems to be playing an important role D. seem to have played important roles E. s

4、eeming to be playing important roles 這道題目的劃線部分的第一個(gè)詞就是動(dòng)詞，同學(xué)們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)就應(yīng)該立刻問(wèn)自己這道題是不是在考主謂一致？然后縱觀答案，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這五個(gè)答案中，“seem”的形式有所變化，后面的“role”單復(fù)數(shù)也有變化，“role”前面有“an”后面用“important role”，前面沒(méi)有“an”后面則用“important roles”，很明顯，這并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。那么一定是“seem” 有問(wèn)題，先看主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)其實(shí)是figures，形象，什么形象呢？?jī)?nèi)陸的這種青綠色的青蛙和鳥(niǎo)的形象，figures是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要用原形，所以答案選D。因?yàn)?/p>

5、主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，如果主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)，這就是所謂的語(yǔ)法一致。 意義一致，是說(shuō)有的時(shí)候主語(yǔ)看似是復(fù)數(shù)，但其實(shí)是單數(shù)，這就要考慮主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義了。比如在OC和OG里分別出現(xiàn)過(guò)octopus和Uranus這兩個(gè)詞，以及SAT要掌握的其中一個(gè)詞匯aesthetics，像這三個(gè)名詞都是單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)意義，當(dāng)它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就不能被它們的外表所迷惑，而要考慮他們的意思，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。比如，Uranus is the father of Jupiter, Plato and Neptune in the Rome Mythology. Uranus看上去像個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞其實(shí)

6、不然，它是天王星的意思，在這里，做題時(shí)就應(yīng)該考慮主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思。 就近原則，主要是在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在一些特殊的短語(yǔ)中的一致，比如，neithernor，eitheror，notbut，not onlybut also等等。這些短語(yǔ)如果運(yùn)用在陳述語(yǔ)序中，主語(yǔ)都是接近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。比如，Neither Lucy nor I am going to his birthday party。這里面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就取決于I而不是Lucy。如果把我和Lucy的位置換一下，那么就應(yīng)該是Neither I nor Lucy is going to his birthday Party。再比如在倒裝句th

7、ere be中的主謂一致也要運(yùn)用就近原則。舉個(gè)例子，there is a pen.這句話的主語(yǔ)并不是there，而是a pen，用陳述句語(yǔ)序來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是a pen is there.如果是兩支鉛筆一支鋼筆，就該說(shuō)there are two pencils and a pen.如果是一支鋼筆和兩支鉛筆就成了there is a pen and two pencil.所以，在倒裝句中，要找到真正的主語(yǔ)。除了這三種基本原則以外，還有一些小原則。比如遇到一些介詞短語(yǔ)像along with、together with，一旦出現(xiàn)且在考察主謂一致的時(shí)候應(yīng)該采用就遠(yuǎn)原則來(lái)做，比如, Lily along wi

8、th her friends is watching the film 2012 now。這里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了is watching，是因?yàn)榫渥诱嬲闹髡Z(yǔ)是Lily而不是her friends，along with her friends在這句話里做了Lily的后置定語(yǔ)，修飾限定了Lily，是說(shuō)她不是一個(gè)人看，而是和她的朋友一起看。在這句話里，我們可以調(diào)整后置定語(yǔ)的位置，Lily is watching the film 2012 now along with her friends。如果把這個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)Lily換成I，那么謂語(yǔ)部分就應(yīng)該是am watching，那么這句話就是I along w

9、ith my friends am watching the film 2012 now。同樣也可以說(shuō)成I am watching the film 2012 along with my friends。關(guān)于主謂一致，大家要掌握好語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近原則以及后面講的這些小原則，做到“夫唱婦隨”，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)唱的單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要保持著相應(yīng)的形式忠貞不渝的追隨著。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，找對(duì)主語(yǔ)就能做對(duì)題。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)意義，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用動(dòng)詞原形；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式的時(shí)候，要確定它的單復(fù)數(shù)意義，若是單數(shù)意義就要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式，若是復(fù)數(shù)意義就用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的原形；在倒裝句中，找對(duì)主語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)就近原

10、則或是就遠(yuǎn)原則來(lái)決謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1. 就前原則(1) N1 of N2 verb（SAT考試中動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與N1有關(guān)，與N2無(wú)關(guān)）如： a group of students are the details of the problems are例：The bright (A) fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received (B) critical acclaim not only (C) in his home state, New Mexico, but also in (D) New York. No error (E). (P

11、161.1)(2) 名詞1+介詞+名詞2 如：students in the classroom名詞，插入語(yǔ)，verb名詞+doing/done 如：students studying hard例：Flints found in (A) the region extending from the Nile Valley to (B) the highlands of eastern Iraq attests to (C) the presence of people there as long ago as (D) one hundred thousand years. No error (E

12、). (P166.3)2.欲擒故縱法動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)做題基本原則是就前原則，如果句子太長(zhǎng)、太難、太復(fù)雜時(shí)，用欲擒故縱法。3.動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊固定用法(1) a number of 一些；一般情況下其后動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，（不受任何規(guī)律限制）；the number of 的數(shù)量；其后的動(dòng)詞在任何情況下都用單數(shù)。量詞考點(diǎn)：a group/list/line of 使用就前原則(2) 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：就后原則。如：here comes the busa. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)b. Only置于句首的倒裝例：In the foothills of that large mountain range is (A) the

13、sources of a river whose course (B) was not fully mapped (C) until (D) this century. No error (E). (P 776.19)例：Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No error (E). (P167.64.名詞集合名詞

14、：family, group, stuff, team, community，只要這些詞以單數(shù)結(jié)尾，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。people, cattle, police ：其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的詞：means, species, news以cs結(jié)尾的詞：physics, mathematics，不表示復(fù)數(shù)，是單數(shù)。以u(píng)s結(jié)尾的詞：octopus（章魚(yú)）, platypus（鴨嘴獸）, -saurus（恐龍）考點(diǎn)：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)主謂一致百科名片語(yǔ)法形式上要一致,即用作主語(yǔ)的名詞中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致。 意義上要一致,即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義。 就近原則，

15、即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，目錄：典型例題 表里不一現(xiàn)象 以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 集合名詞的主謂一致 原則 語(yǔ)法一致 意義一致 就近原則主謂一致指“人稱(chēng)”和“數(shù)”方面的一致關(guān)系。對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)在掌握主語(yǔ)和隨后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的一致問(wèn)題上遇到困難。一般情況下，主謂之間的一致關(guān)系由以下三個(gè)原則的支配： 語(yǔ)法一致原則 (grammatical concord) 意義一致原則 (notional concord) 就近原則 (principle of proximity)典型例題1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very

16、important. 注意： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞，共用一個(gè)冠詞用單數(shù)，表示一人兼兩職。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注: 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮.這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí),先排除A.,C.本題易

17、誤選D,因?yàn)門(mén)he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別, monitor 前沒(méi)有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞.后面的職務(wù)用and 相連.這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B. 2 主謂一致中的就近原則 當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致. There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the c

18、lass. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在由not onlybut also, not justbut, or, eitheror, neithernor連接主語(yǔ)的句子中及在there be句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按就近原則處理，即按與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞最靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week. Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有w

19、ith, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) 1) 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every, 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù). Each of us has a tape-recorder.

20、There is something wrong with my watch. 2) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù). The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū). 3) 表示金錢(qián),時(shí)間.距離.價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).(用復(fù)數(shù)也可,意思不變.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)

21、數(shù) 1) 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定. All is right. (一切順利.) All are present. (所有人都到齊了.) 2) 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體. His family isnt very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭. His family ar

22、e music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者. 但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害蟲(chóng))等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式. Are there any police around 3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù). A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞. The number of +名詞單數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞. A number of books have lent out. The majo

23、rity of the students like English. 6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2) 在一些短語(yǔ),如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式.但由more than of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的

24、名詞或代詞保持一致. Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū). More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市. 編輯本段表里不一現(xiàn)象主謂一致中的表里不一現(xiàn)象 和主語(yǔ)必須在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.但在實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)在學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯(cuò)誤歸納整理如下 1,more than one +名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如: More than one teacher gets the f

25、lowers. 不止一個(gè)教師得到了花. 2, many a +名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如: Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹(shù). 3,half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)+of 等后接名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如: Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋. 4,all指人時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時(shí),動(dòng)

26、詞用單數(shù).例如: All are present and all is going well. 所有人全部到場(chǎng)了,一切進(jìn)展順利 5,what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可視表語(yǔ)而定:表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù).例如: What they want to get are a number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書(shū). 6,and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書(shū)包里沒(méi)有書(shū)和鋼筆. 7,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面有

27、as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except，逗號(hào)加and連接幾個(gè)名字等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與最前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致.例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過(guò)北京. 8,each作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定,與each無(wú)關(guān).例如: They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車(chē). 9,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).例如: Go

28、ing out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣. 10,the following作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類(lèi).例如: Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開(kāi)設(shè)政治課. 當(dāng)以-

29、ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示學(xué)科以外的意義時(shí)，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運(yùn)算能力）politics(政治觀點(diǎn))economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)意義）等 12,有些用來(lái)表示由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),前面若有一條,一副,一把之類(lèi)的單位詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若沒(méi)有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適. 還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.re

30、mains（遺體）.thanks等 13,one and a half +名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù).例如: One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果. 14,One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙. 15,one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)

31、中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).例如: He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一. 16,表示時(shí)間,距離,金錢(qián)等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù),但若強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如: One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬(wàn)美元是一大筆錢(qián).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題四、 英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞并不是可數(shù)名詞。它們用法多樣，造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難，以下詳述了以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一

32、致問(wèn)題。 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類(lèi)以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Arthritis causes great pain in the joints

33、of the patient. （二）以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 以-s結(jié)尾的游戲名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： Darts is basically a easy game. 但當(dāng)Darts，Marbles等的意義為游戲器具而非游戲名稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題 某些以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱(chēng)，如果是國(guó)名，如the United St

34、ates，the Netherlands等，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。 例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問(wèn)題

35、 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： The third world economics is promising. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果這類(lèi)名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義，可作復(fù)數(shù)用。 例如： Athletics have been greatly

36、 encouraged at this college. （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問(wèn)題 A.以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)中有一些通常以-s結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞，如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trouse等 編輯本段集合名詞的主謂一致集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題.對(duì)此類(lèi)問(wèn)題我們可以從數(shù)的角度分為四類(lèi). 1)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)型.凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類(lèi).如:a classclasses; a familyfamilies; a governmentgov

37、ernments; an armyarmies; a peoplepeoples; a groupgroups; a crowdcrowds; a crewcrews等.這類(lèi)集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性,即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來(lái)看待.屬于這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 【例如】 A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. The government has decided to pass the bill. There are huge crowds in the streets o

38、n Sunday. There are many English-speaking peoples in the world. 但應(yīng)注意,這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸為單復(fù)同形型中. 2)單數(shù)型.這類(lèi)集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體,即把這類(lèi)人或事物的全部包括在內(nèi),所以只有單數(shù)形式.如作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù).這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等. 【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the field

39、s of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress. 3)復(fù)數(shù)型.這類(lèi)集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的,就是說(shuō)它們只有單數(shù)形式,但表達(dá)的都是復(fù)數(shù)概念.它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性.這類(lèi)名詞有:police, cattle, faculty, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等.它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù). 【例如】The police have caught the murder. Our personnel are very highly trained.

40、 The vermin are very dangerous. 4)單復(fù)同形型.這類(lèi)集合名詞的單數(shù)形式既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù).作主語(yǔ)時(shí),用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞或復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞均可,有時(shí)意義區(qū)別不大. 【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent. The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park. The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid. 這類(lèi)集合名詞常見(jiàn)的有:class, family, team, crew, board, herd,

41、 committee, party, jury, enemy, audience等. 根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的心理意向若把這個(gè)集合名詞所代表的人或事物看作一個(gè)整體,就認(rèn)為是單數(shù),用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干個(gè)個(gè)體的話,就認(rèn)為其為復(fù)數(shù),用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞. 試比較:The football team is playing well. 那個(gè)足球隊(duì)打得非常漂亮. The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡,然后來(lái)這里吃茶點(diǎn). The family is a very happy o

42、ne.那個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)非常幸福的家庭. That family are very pleased about the news of Williams success. 全家人對(duì)威廉的成功都感到很高興. 編輯本段原則主謂一致( Subject-Verb Concord ) 主謂一致的問(wèn)題看上去似乎很簡(jiǎn)單,其實(shí)使用起來(lái)卻不是那么容易,有時(shí)候甚至很復(fù)雜. 這是因?yàn)樵诓煌闆r下,處理這一問(wèn)題所依據(jù)的原則各不相同.就其在現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法中的基本原則而言,通常有三個(gè)不同角度的著眼點(diǎn):1,語(yǔ)法一致 2,意義一致 3,就近原則. 語(yǔ)法一致主謂一致的原則是指,主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致:主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取單

43、數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如: A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取單數(shù)形式) 語(yǔ)法書(shū)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的某些規(guī)則. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式) 語(yǔ)法書(shū)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的某些規(guī)則. 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致的問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)不只上述的那么簡(jiǎn)單,有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對(duì)待: #不定式,動(dòng)名詞,以及

44、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如: Reading often means learning .讀書(shū)常意味是學(xué)習(xí). To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗讀英語(yǔ)有許多好處. What he said has been recorded .他說(shuō)的話已被錄音了. # 不定代詞one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many

45、a 等作主語(yǔ)或是修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如: Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒(méi)人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng). Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.許多學(xué)生晚飯后常在校園里散步. Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每個(gè)男孩和女孩對(duì)課外活動(dòng)都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣. # 表示國(guó)家,機(jī)構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如: One Thousand

46、And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore . 一千零一夜給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說(shuō). The United States is leading the world in science and technology . 美國(guó)常在世界科技方面領(lǐng)先. The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs . 聯(lián)合國(guó)在國(guó)際事務(wù)中起著重要作用. # a portion, a series of, a kind of, the n

47、umber of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如: A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技產(chǎn)品已在展覽上展出. The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death. 近來(lái)一些書(shū)籍里印刷錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量讓人吃驚得要命. A substantial portion of the reports is missing .這些報(bào)告都沒(méi)

48、有提及實(shí)質(zhì)問(wèn)題. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人. # 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等詞修飾主語(yǔ),或是由它們自身作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).另外,由and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù).例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海邊,有些人在打排球,有些人躺著曬太陽(yáng). Both of us are

49、fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽. A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國(guó)西部工作. # 有些短語(yǔ),如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

50、詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然斷電時(shí),那家商店丟失了許多錢(qián). A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently. 最近出版了許多關(guān)于投資基金的書(shū)籍. 意義一致( Notional Concord ) 這一原則是指,從意義著眼來(lái)解決主謂一致問(wèn)題.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻

51、是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義亦用單數(shù)形式. 1) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要依主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定.在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語(yǔ)自身的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們?cè)诰渥永锲鋵?shí)是狀語(yǔ).也就是說(shuō),我們完全可以將這些詞組搬到句首或是放到句末去.從表面上我們也可以看出,它們與主語(yǔ)之間有

52、,隔開(kāi).例如: Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price. 最近石油和燃料煤氣的價(jià)格上漲了. The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個(gè)周末與學(xué)生們一起去野炊. The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.學(xué)生們打算這個(gè)周末與他們的老師一起去野炊. The warehouse,

53、 with all its stockings, was burned last night. 昨晚,那個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)連同其所有的貨物一起被燒毀了. 我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诰渥永锸菭钫Z(yǔ): Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas. Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price. The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together wi

54、th their teacher. As well as the suitcase, the missing things have been found and returned to the owner. The missing things have been found and returned to the owner, as well as the suitcase. 2) 表示時(shí)間,金錢(qián),距離,體積,重量,面積,數(shù)字等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其意義若是指總量應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指有多少數(shù)量則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).例如: Four weeks are

55、 often approximately regarded as one month. 人們常大約地將四個(gè)星期看成一個(gè)月. Twenty years stands for a long period in ones life. 二十年在人的一生里意味著一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期. Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十塊錢(qián)給一個(gè)學(xué)生吃一個(gè)月的伙食是足夠的了. 3) 形容詞前加定冠詞即the + 形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其意義若是指?jìng)€(gè)人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果其意義是指一類(lèi)人則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)

56、數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).例如: The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience. 一方面,青年人常認(rèn)為老年人保守;另一方面,老年人總是認(rèn)為青年人沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn). In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate. 在許多故事里,好人總是有好報(bào);壞人注定要倒霉. 4)當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一人,同一物