1、被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，be 隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以 do 為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been doneK!在完成時例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3) am/i

2、s /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時例 A new cinema is being built here4) was/were done 一般過去時例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5) had been done過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時例 A meeting was being h

3、eld when I was there.7) shall/will be done 一般將來時例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done 過去將來時例 The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)例 The project will have been completed before July.2. 被動

4、語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。 通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng) “動詞 +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)?/p>

5、被動語態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4) 在使役動詞 have, make, ge以及感官動詞 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式 to要省略，但變?yōu)楸?動結(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為 A stranger was seen to

6、 walk into the building.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例 I don't like being laughed at in the public.二、 It is said that+ 從句及其他類似句型It is said that 據(jù)說,It is believed that 大家相信，It is well known that 眾所周知, It is suggested that 據(jù)建議。It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道； It is hoped that 大家希望, I

7、t is thought that 大家認(rèn)為,例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )三、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1. 英語中有很多動詞如break， drive， lock ， open， sell， read， write ， wash等， 當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時， 常用其主動形式 表達(dá)被 動意義 ,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動

8、強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door won't lock （指門本身有毛病）The door won't be locked （指不會有人來鎖門 , 指 “門沒有鎖 ”是人的原因）2. 表示 “發(fā)生、 進(jìn)行 ” 的不及物動詞和短語， 如： happen, take place, come out, come true, 等以主動形式表示被動意義。例How do the newspapers come out這些報(bào)紙是如何印出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、 感官的連系動詞 feel, sound, taste,l

9、ook, feel 等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。例 Your reason sounds reasonable四、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1 .在need, want, require,等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例 The house needs repairingto be repaired）. 這房子需要修理。2 形容詞 worth 后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而 worthy 后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例 The picture-book

10、 is well worth reading （=The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3 . 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系 , 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon（to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。）試比較： I ll go to the post office. Do yohuave a letter to be posted?（ 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明 you 不

11、是 post 動作的執(zhí)行者。 ）被動語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)選擇題1 .a new library in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; builtC. Does ; build D .Did ; build2 .An accident on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happenedC. is happened D. happened3 .Cotton in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grownC .grows D. gr

12、ow4.So far, the moon by man already.A. is visited B. will be visitedC. has been visited D. was visited5 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6 .A lot of things by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being do

13、neC. has been done D. will be done7 .The doctor for yet.A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sentC. won't be sent D. wasn't sent8 .-When _ this kind of computer?-Last year.A. did; use B. was; usedC. is; used D. are; used9 .Who this book ?A. did; written B. was; written byC. did; written D .w

14、as; written10 .Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B. was asked toC. is asked D .asks to11 .A story by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D .told us12 .The monkey was seen off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people well.A. looks after B

15、.must be looked afterC. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. servesD. served16. It was reported that the murderer arrested.

16、A. has been B. had been C. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge in a year?A. would be completed B. will be completedC. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes in China since the People s Republic of Chinain 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded

17、C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded19. Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She has by her classmates.A. laughed B. laughed atC. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will .

18、A. be taken care B. be taken care ofC. take care D. take care of22. No permission has for anybody to enter the building.A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing hap

19、pening again?A. prevent from B. prevented fromC. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being builtC. been built D. be building26. This bike last year.A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house th

20、at by fire last year?A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It whether she will get her work in the hospital.A. hasn t been decidedB. isn t decidingC. doesn t decideD. hasn t decided29. The pen me. It is hers.A. isn t belong to B. wasn t belong toC. doesn t belong to D.

21、didn t belong to30. I can t use my bike because it .A. is repairing B. is being repairedC. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she to speak a little loudersoas to make herself .A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear . C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32The wi

22、ndow is dirty. I know. It for weeks.A. hasn t cleaned B. didn t cleanC. wasn t cleaned D. hasn t been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium inBeijing.A. would be completed B. was being completedC. has been completed D. had been completed34. How long at this job? Since 1990.A. wer

23、e you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D .will you be employed35. What happened to the priceless works of art?A. They were destroyed in the earthquakeB. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquakeD. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Ted s photo. We miss him a lot. He trying to savea child in