1、1一、 完形填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？ 完形填空是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20個(gè)詞左右設(shè)空。學(xué)生通過(guò)推理判斷，綜合分析等將答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。選材多為記敘文。2二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？（一）（一）從文章結(jié)構(gòu)看從文章結(jié)構(gòu)看首句通常不設(shè)空，以便考生對(duì)短文前提和背景有個(gè)較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語(yǔ)境、推測(cè)文章大意。2. 短文設(shè)空平均密度為16-20個(gè)單詞一個(gè)空。中考完形填空拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的“語(yǔ)法知識(shí)型”命題模式，轉(zhuǎn)變成“情境能力型”的命題趨

2、勢(shì)。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語(yǔ)篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)具體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情境語(yǔ)言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。3二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？（二）從語(yǔ)言層次看（二）從語(yǔ)言層次看考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)把握語(yǔ)段的要求在提高。我們可以把考點(diǎn)分為三個(gè)層次，即句子層次、句群層次和語(yǔ)篇層次句子層次的設(shè)空句子層次的設(shè)空例：例：(某年中考英語(yǔ)試卷 完形填空四選一 保留原題號(hào))I 90 you were very busy then helping your friend get ready for her wedding I am sure

3、it was a success.A. remember B. explainC. hope D. expect答案：答案：A指那些只需讀懂設(shè)空所在句便可選出答案的題目。4二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？2. 句群層次的設(shè)空句群層次的設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過(guò)推理判斷可以得到答案的題目即根據(jù)上文有關(guān)內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。 指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案 的題目/下文某處有提示。5二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？ 前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空例：例：It was an English speech

4、 contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance 后制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空例：例：1). Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you dont like me ” A. believed B. like

5、d C. hated D. knew 2). Country music comes from _ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. threeBBC6二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？二、完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？3. 語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空 I work as a

6、 volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句話)( ) 1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educateD指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設(shè)空。7三、三

7、、 真題演練真題演練(中考試卷 完形填空) Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudlyenough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of ta

8、king glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long youll be doing it without thinking. Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But theyre not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend mon

9、ey on, like the electricity bill and food. You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents wont change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best

10、 thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that theyll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .8三、三、 真題演練真題演練 You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meal

11、s a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough. Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accep

12、ted, but your parents will be pleased.( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win( ) 89. A. concerts

13、B. meetings C. classes D. parties( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last( ) 91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishesCACBDAD9三、三、 真題演練真題演練 解析：解析：85. （前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空）文章第一段提出，父母的態(tài)度往往會(huì)令你感到詫異，他們有時(shí)是那么友好，忽然間又會(huì)生氣地大聲嚷嚷，由此可以看出，他們的態(tài)度是那么地易變changeable。所以，本題答案為C。8

14、6. （句子層次的設(shè)空）句子層次的設(shè)空）青少年應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)良好的生活習(xí)慣。例如，在家脫衣后應(yīng)該及時(shí)掛上。B項(xiàng)leave them alone 表示“讓它們獨(dú)自留下”；C項(xiàng)put them up 表示“把他們穿上”；D項(xiàng)throw them away表示“把它們?nèi)拥簟保陨洗鸢革@然均不符合文章意思，而A項(xiàng)hang them up 正是“把衣服掛上”的意思，所以答案為A。87. （后制性設(shè)空后制性設(shè)空）家長(zhǎng)會(huì)給孩子買許多衣服，但他們不會(huì)經(jīng)常為自己購(gòu)物，那是因?yàn)樗麄円紤]維持家庭生計(jì)，他們往往把錢(qián)花在更重要的事情上，所以答案為C。88. （前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空）你有時(shí)會(huì)去拜訪那些無(wú)聊又年長(zhǎng)的親戚，他們會(huì)

15、一遍又一遍地嘮叨你小時(shí)候的乖巧可愛(ài)，而你只能洗耳恭聽(tīng)（They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen.）顯然，你會(huì)對(duì)此而抱怨，但家長(zhǎng)們?nèi)圆灰詾槿唬?your parents wont change their minds.），所以本題答案為B。10三、三、 真題演練真題演練 解析：解析：89. （前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空） 如果能幫助招待好你的親戚，你的家長(zhǎng)會(huì)感到十分滿意，也會(huì)允許你出席以后的更多的這種聚會(huì)。選項(xiàng)A、B、C與聚會(huì)無(wú)關(guān)，應(yīng)予淘汰。所以，本題答案為D。90.

16、 （語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空）每日吃飯時(shí)，應(yīng)該想到家長(zhǎng)的艱辛。當(dāng)你說(shuō)你并不餓時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)不但會(huì)有內(nèi)心的不快，另外會(huì)擔(dān)心你吃得過(guò)少而影響身體（Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.）。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，空格處應(yīng)填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本題答案為A。91. （前制性設(shè)空前制性設(shè)空）文章結(jié)尾告誡我們要少吃零食，要留出吃飯的空間（Eat fewer snacks and leave r

17、oom for your meals.）。飯后也要提出幫助父母做些事情，盡管有時(shí)不會(huì)得到他們的許可。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，我們可以看到D項(xiàng)符合飯后可做的事，A項(xiàng)do the cooking 表示“煮飯”，B項(xiàng)lay the table表示“擺餐具、飯桌”均發(fā)生在飯前，C項(xiàng)buy some snacks與上文“少吃零食”的論述矛盾，所以答案為D。11四、四、 解題技巧點(diǎn)撥解題技巧點(diǎn)撥（一）（一）_。（二）（二）_。（三）（三）_。細(xì)讀首句，跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文，掌握大意細(xì)讀首句，跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文，掌握大意理解詞義，瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破理解詞義，瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個(gè)擊破復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證

18、答案，堅(jiān)定信心復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案，堅(jiān)定信心12作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題1完形填空的短文通常沒(méi)有標(biāo)題且文章的首句一般是不設(shè)空的，要特別注重對(duì)首句的理解，因?yàn)樗崾净螯c(diǎn)明文章的主題，對(duì)理解全文有較大幫助。 13作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 2第一遍通讀帶有空缺單詞的短文時(shí)可能一時(shí)把握不住短文內(nèi)容，弄不清頭緒，這是很正常的。此時(shí)要注意克服畏難情緒和急躁心理，應(yīng)穩(wěn)定情緒，再將短文讀一、二遍，直到明確大意為止。 14作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 3做題時(shí)切勿一看到一個(gè)空格就急著選出一個(gè)答案，這樣往往只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)樹(shù)林。由于缺乏全局觀念，極易導(dǎo)致連續(xù)選錯(cuò)。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁詹煌趩蝹€(gè)

19、句子的選詞填空，其空白處是位于一篇文章之中，因此必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。 15作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 4每篇完形填空所設(shè)的空多以實(shí)詞為主，所提供的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中只有一個(gè)是正確的，其它三項(xiàng)均為干擾項(xiàng)。而干擾項(xiàng)也多半與前、后的句子或詞組可以形成某種搭配，即如單從語(yǔ)法角度判斷則無(wú)法確定，還必須從語(yǔ)篇意義上加以鑒別。 16作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題作答應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 5動(dòng)筆時(shí)先易后難，先完成容易、有把握的答案，這樣可以增強(qiáng)自信心，然后再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。對(duì)于實(shí)在無(wú)法確定的，可以從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測(cè)。 17注意：要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用注意：要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用 第一句往往

20、是全篇的關(guān)鍵句，首句一般不設(shè)空，它有概括和預(yù)第一句往往是全篇的關(guān)鍵句，首句一般不設(shè)空，它有概括和預(yù)示全文大意的作用，是判斷文章體裁并預(yù)測(cè)全文主旨、大意的示全文大意的作用，是判斷文章體裁并預(yù)測(cè)全文主旨、大意的突破口，常含有解題和理解文章的有用信息。突破口，常含有解題和理解文章的有用信息。（when,where,who,what,how)when,where,who,what,how)注意：要注意尾句的提示和總結(jié)作用注意：要注意尾句的提示和總結(jié)作用l故事的結(jié)局故事的結(jié)局l問(wèn)題的結(jié)論問(wèn)題的結(jié)論l幽默或富有哲理的結(jié)尾幽默或富有哲理的結(jié)尾注意：文章中有中文注釋的單詞注意：文章中有中文注釋的單詞18具體解

21、題步驟具體解題步驟1 1、抓住首句，了解短文、抓住首句，了解短文2 2、通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò)、通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò)3 3、瞻前顧后，上下求索、瞻前顧后，上下求索4 4、再讀文章，核查答案、再讀文章，核查答案勾劃、研讀勾劃、研讀首句尾句首句尾句以及有以及有中文注釋中文注釋的單詞的單詞打開(kāi)答題窗口，窺探全文。打開(kāi)答題窗口，窺探全文。跳過(guò)空格，跳過(guò)空格，速讀全文速讀全文，把握大意。注，把握大意。注意文中的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，和句中的連詞意文中的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，和句中的連詞, ,捕捉關(guān)鍵詞匯。捕捉關(guān)鍵詞匯。前后聯(lián)系，先易后難。運(yùn)用解題策略前后聯(lián)系，先易后難。運(yùn)用解題策略從句子、段落、語(yǔ)篇層面解題，劃出從句子、段落、語(yǔ)篇層

22、面解題，劃出語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞、定位詞語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞、定位詞。代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查 爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)取做到：取做到：結(jié)構(gòu)正確結(jié)構(gòu)正確+ +語(yǔ)義通順語(yǔ)義通順+ +邏輯合邏輯合理理。少于少于1分鐘分鐘約約10分鐘分鐘約約2分鐘分鐘約約2分鐘分鐘19解題中的推測(cè)手段解題中的推測(cè)手段 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推測(cè)：根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推測(cè)： 根據(jù)根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行推測(cè)：進(jìn)行推測(cè)： 根據(jù)文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：根據(jù)文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)： 根據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷：根據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷： 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)： 運(yùn)用詞匯知識(shí)推測(cè)答案：運(yùn)用詞匯知識(shí)推測(cè)答案：并列關(guān)系并列關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系20附：中考完形填空常考考點(diǎn)：常考動(dòng)詞：（未完請(qǐng)大家補(bǔ)充，交流。）動(dòng)詞占中考的常考動(dòng)詞：（未完請(qǐng)大家補(bǔ)充，交流。）動(dòng)詞占中考的35%十大動(dòng)詞 see watch look notice let have make hear、listen to feel (help)表示“說(shuō)”的say、speak、tell、talk表示“拿”的bring、take、c