1、Unit 1 How can we become good learners?Section A3 (Grammar Focus4c)Step 1 Free talkTalk about the ways you learn other subjects. You can use the following phrases and sentences.How do you learn Chinese/ math /physics/chemistry?Do you learn history and geography by_ ?Step 2 4aAnswer the questions. Th

2、en match the questions and answers.1. How do you practice speaking?2. How do you learn new words?3. How do you improve your writing?4. How do you practice listening?5. How do you improve your pronunciation?6. How do you learn grammar?a. By watching English programs.b. By listening to a tape and repe

3、ating out loud.c. By having conversations with friends.d. By taking notes, doing exercises and reading a lot.e. By making word cards.f. By writing e-mails to my pen pals.Step 3 4b22Complete these stateme nts. Use in formati on that is true for you.match physics chemistry Chin ese history geographye.

4、g. I usually practice my En glish by tak ing no tes / readi ng books and n ewspapers/ speak ing En glish with my classmates / memoriz ing sentence patter ns.a. I usually practice my math by_.b. I usually practice my physics by_ . c. I usually practice my chemistryby_.d. I usually practice my Chin es

5、e by_ .e. I usually practice my history and geography by_ .Step 4 4cCheck what you do to lear n En glish . Then in terview your part ner.A: Do you lear n En glish by doing grammar exercises?B: Yes, I do.A: How ofte n do you do them?B:I learn English by 旳partner learnsEnglish byyesnohow ofte n yesnoh

6、ow ofte ndoing grammar exercises.taking no tes in En glish.3readi ng En glish magaz in es.keep ing a diary in En glish.using an En glish dicti on ary.Step 5 GrammarHow do you lear n En glish? I lear n by study ing with a group.Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, 1 do. It helps my pronunciati

7、on.How can I read faster? You can read faster by reading word groups.How can I improve my pronun ciati on? One way is by liste ning to tapes.動名詞定義：它是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非謂語動詞形式。基本形式：V-ing作用：動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、定語等。動名詞的基本用法1.用作主語所表動作比較抽象，或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作。e.g. Play ing with fire is dan gerous.注意：動名詞做主語，有時先用it

8、作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習(xí)慣句型中常用。1) It is no use/ good / useless + doing3) It is fun + doing2) It is a waste oftime + doing4在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中常用動名詞作主語。e.g. Its no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水難收)There is no joking about the matter.It is fun playing with children.和孩子們一起玩真好。2.用作賓語1)作動詞的賓語常見的此類動詞有：practise, enjoy, fin

9、ish, give up, cannot help, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off,depend on, think about, succeed in, worry about, be used to, get used to, look forward to, pay attentionto等。e.g. How do you practice speaking?I have to finish reading a book and give a report.2)作介詞的賓語1. I learn English by doing grammar ex

10、ercises.2. Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3. He was late again because of getting up late.4. Lock the doors and windows before going out.5. What/How about the two of us playing games？活學(xué)活用1. She cant help _ (cry) after _ (hear) the bad news.2. Do you feel like _ (have) a break?3)既

11、可接動名詞又可接不定式的常用動詞有：remember, forget, regret, mean, try等，45但表達(dá)的意義不同。e.g. I remember see ing her at the hotel.我記得在賓館見過她。(動作發(fā)生了)I will remember to see her at the hotel.我記著要去賓館見她。（動作尚未發(fā)生）try to_do設(shè)法、努力去做，盡力doi ng試試去做（看有何結(jié)果）mea n too打算做（主語一般是人）峯doing意味著（主語一般是物）regret topo對將要做的事抱歉doing對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到后悔stop to do

12、停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手頭的事情3.作表語動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或 名詞與主語通常是對等的關(guān)系，表示主語的內(nèi)容，主語、表語可互換位置。e.g. Your task is clea ning the win dows.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。(Clea ning the win dows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at.doing動作尚未發(fā)生動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語動我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。remember/forget/ regret66(Being laughed at

13、 is what I hate most.)動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本形式：（以write為例）語態(tài)時態(tài)般時完成時主動語態(tài)writi nghavi ng writte n被動語態(tài)being writtenhavi ng bee n writte n注意：動名詞的否定形式是：not writ ing動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：動名詞的邏輯主語+動名詞=動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Would you mind_(我開窗戶嗎)？Would you mind my / me ope ning the win dow?my/ me稱為動名詞的邏輯主語。I cant understand Jack /J

14、acks leaving his wife.I cant understand his/him leaving his wife.Jacks/ His leaving his wife is unbelievable.Step 6 Exercises1. My watch n eeds_, but I have no time to go to tow n to have it_A. to repair; repairedB. to be repaired; repairi ngC. repairi ng; repairedD. being repaired; repaired72. You

15、should apologize to your sister for _ her the truth.A. tellingB. not tellingC. telling not D. not tell3. -The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot _ it off.A. turningB. turnC. to turnD. having turned4. Hearing the bad news, the mother couldnt help _A. to cry B. cryingC. cry D. cries5. Our teacher told us to spend some time _ English every day.A.