1、小升初語法講義一介詞和副詞介詞知識點介詞的定義和介詞的用法介詞的分類以及用法介詞用于固定短語中教學重點介詞的分類以及用法教學難點介詞的選擇和使用問題介詞的定義：介詞一般位于名詞或代詞之前，在句中不單獨做任何成分。介詞本身有獨立的含義，但意義不夠完整，在句中使用時，后面必須接有賓語構成介詞短語后，才能表達完整的意義。介詞短語在句中常作狀語、定語、表語或賓語補足語。介詞的用法：(一)表示時間的介詞的用法：1. at, on, in(1) at在句中用在鐘點之前。意為在點鐘“如：at six在6點(2) at用在固定短語中。如：at noon 在中午； at this time of year 一年

2、這個時候(3) on常用于表示具體的哪一天或某天的上午、下午及晚上或用于固定短語中。如：on themorning of June 在6月5日的早上；on a cold winter night在一個寒冷的冬天的夜里；on May 20 th在5月20日(4) on用在星期前。如：on Sunday在星期日(5) in用于年、月前面，季節、世紀前以及固定短語中。如：in 2008 在 2008 年；in October 在 10 月；in spring 在春天；in the twentieth century 在二十世紀； in his twenties 在他二十多歲時；in the morn

3、ing / afternoon / evening 在早上 /T午 /晚上2. before ,after, inin是以現在為起點，表示將來一段時間以后，常用于一般將來時態中。eg: I will come back in three days.我三天以后回來。after是以過去為起點，表示過去一段時間以后，常用于過去時態中。eg: She went after three days她三天以后走的。before表示某時刻或某時間之前”時態根據句子而定。eg: Check your papers carefully before you hand them in,【典例精析】Mrs. Brow

4、n came to China 1996.A. onB. ofC. to,D. in【答案】D【解析】in用于年、月前面，季節、世紀前以及固定短語中隨堂小練習1()1. He often goes school six thirty the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at; in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to()2.a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.A. inB. onC. atD. for()3. Joan hopes to come back three days.A

5、. after B. for C. in(二)表示地點方位介詞的用法：1. at, inat后跟小地方，in后跟大地點2. in, on, toin表示在某一范圍內的某方位。on表示與某地相鄰關系。to表示在某一地區之外的某方位，不屬于該范圍。【典例精析】Shanghai lies the east of China.A . in B. on C. to【答案】A【解析】in表示在某一范圍內的某方位。隨堂小練習21. Shandong lies the east of Hebei.A . inB. onC. to2. China lies the west of Japan.A . inB.

6、onC. to(三)表示手段方式的介詞的用法：in, by, with, on 表示 用“(1) by主要指利用交通工具。即：“by珞詞原形”或 行為手段by+v-ing形式"。如：I go toschool by bike every day.(2) in主要指"用某種語言"或"用工具、材料”以及方式(way)等。如： I often write in ink / pencil.He can say it in a different way.(3) on主要表示行走或站立時所用的身體部位，或利用交通工具。即：“on宛，/形容詞性物主代詞 +交通工具名

7、詞”或接表示媒體的名詞。此時相當于over。如： People walk on foot. But some people can walk on hand.注意：“on / in輻，/形容詞性物主代詞+交通工具名詞”這種交通方式的表達可以轉換成“by改通工具名稱”。例：on a bike = by bike如果交通工具名詞為car,習慣上用in ,其他多用on。如：He learns English on TV.(4) with主要指某一具體的勞動工具、材料或用身體部位。如：We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我們用 眼睛看 ,用耳朵聽.

8、【典例精析】He can say it a different way.A . in B. by C. with D. on【答案】A【解析】in主要指"用某種語言"或"用工具、材料”以及方式（way）等。隨堂小練習31. People say it English.A . inB. byC. withD. on2. He learns English listening to cassettes.A . inB. byC. withD. on3. He often goes to school a bus.A . inB. byC. withD. on4. Th

9、ey like writing a brush.A . inB. byC. withD. on用于固定短語中一、介詞的含義，介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨立充當成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或 相當于名詞的其它詞類或短語活從句前。中考需要掌握的 11 個介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before （一）表示時間的介詞1、表示較長時間（長于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季節、周、上午、下午、 晚上以及一些習慣用法中要用介詞“in。”in 1996 / in_2002 / in_1847 （年份）in October / in Febru

10、ary / in_March（月份）in the morning / injthe afternoon / in_the evening 在上午 / 下午 / 晚上in those days 在當時 / in no time 立亥U / in the daytime 在白天 / in the future 在將來 / in one minute在1分鐘內/最后也the end2、表示時間的某一點（或表示某時刻）如：鐘點、年齡或其它的習慣用法中要用“at”al ten o ' cloclaf seven thirty.（表示某鐘點）al noon / at night / atmidni

11、ght（在中午、 晚上、半夜一天中相對短暫的時間）at that time在那時/ at the moment這時、那時、此刻 / at first 首先 / at last 最后=in the end / at once 立刻、馬上 / at / on （the） weekends 在周 末/在一年中的這個時候 at this time of year /在開始/結束時at the beginning /end of。3、表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的時間用介詞“on”on Monday / onTuesday / on_Wednesday / on_Fridayon January

12、1 / on April 18 / on_May31 on January 1, 1988 / on April 18, 2002 / onMay 31, 1977 值日 on duty / 準時 on time /4、表示持續一段時間用介詞“for。” “for+”段時間”for hundreds of yearsfor two hours / for three days5、表示從一點時間到另一點時間的一個階段用介詞“from to ”from 9 o ' clo（tk 11 o ' clock from February toApril from then on 從那時候

13、起（用于一般過 去時）,from now on從現在起（用于一般將來時），from time to_ time 時不時地（二）表示方位的介詞在樹上 in the tree / 在同一個班 jn the same class / 在北京 jn Beijing在世界上 in the world / 在河里 in the river / 在城市 jn a city在陽光下in the sun /在北方in the north / in_ China 在中國在第五中學 in_ No. 5 Middle School在的前部 in the front of 在前面 jn frontof 在中間/ （內部

14、）角落 in the middle /corner of（三）固定用法：1. 住院 in hospital / 在露天 in the open air / 躺著看書 read _in bed用英語in_ English /穿紅色的in red /以方式inway of 表示大地方，表示空間、地域或者物體內部應用in,或表示在范圍之內。2. 在的盡頭 at the end of/在大門口 at the gate / 在第二個十字路口at the second crossing在公共7車站 at the bus stop /在校讀書at school /在家at homeat the statio

15、n / airport / zoo / post office atjthe front door / at_the cinema / supermarket / 表示較小的地方，表示空間的某一點，出入口等，選 at3. 在墻上 on the wall / 在的另一邊 on the other side of / 在左邊/右邊 on the left/right在左 /有手邊 on the left/right hand side / 在火車上 on the train 固定用法：訪問 on a visit to展/覽on show在去 的路上 on the way to on my head

16、 / nose表示附著在表面上，覆蓋等，表示接觸的面上、邊上、線上，用 ono比較： a hole jn the floor / wallThere are many apples on the tree.There are many birds in_ the tree.幾組表示位置關系的介詞比較1. Japan is _in the east of Asia. 2. Japan is to the east of China.north3. Korea is on the northeast of China.westsouthC is on the east of A.east隨堂小練習

17、參考答案1. BBC2. B C3.A B D C常用介詞練習()1. Many people work the day and sleep night.A. on ;at B. in ; in C. in ; at()2. He speaks Japanese best the boy students.A. between B. with C. among()3. A wolf a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.A. with B. in C. on()4. They sent the letter to me mistake.A. byB. for

18、C. with()5. He left home a cold winter evening.A. atB. on C. in()6.my father ' s help, I have finished my composition.A. UnderB. On C. with()7. He ' s very strict himself and he' s very strict his work.A. with ;in B. in ; with C. with ; with()8. I really can ' t agree you.A. toB. on

19、C. with()9. The shop won t open nine in the morning.A. untilB. atC. during()10. How about the flowers now?A. watering B. are wateringC. watered()11. She spent all his money books.A. inB. with C. on()12. They are talking low voices.A. withB. inC. on()13. It ' s very kind you to help us.A. forB. t

20、o C. of()14. What will you have breakfast this morning?A. withB. for C. by()15. A plane is flying the city.A. onB. over C. above()16. You are free to speak the meeting.A. atB. in C. on()17. Mr. Green will stay in China Friday.A. toB. onC. till()18. It ' s wrong to play jokes other people.A. onB.

21、 ofC. with()19. Which color do you like? I prefer blue red.A. forB. as C. to()20. The student will give us a talk how to use our spare time.A. forB. onC. in()21. I paid two hundred yuan that kind of bicycle.A. inB. forC. on()22. The doctor is very kind his patientsA. toB. onC. at()23. We can ' t

22、 live air.A. inB. withC. without()24. The child was afraid the strange sound.A. at B. for C. of()25. He was very angry her for being late.A. for B. with C. at()26. What do you think _ the play?sureA. about )27. I think it it.B. likeC. of's the right way to work out the problem, but I am notA. do

23、)28. ReadingA. under ;for)29. I wonA. byB. about the sun isnB. in ; for't ask about it, IB. forC. of't gooybuC. in ; to' m going to see itC. withmy own eyes.)30. We go to school every dayA. exceptB. withoutSunday.C. on)31. There is a small river the two townsA. in B. between C. among)32.

24、 Li Lei sometimes falls asleep the lesson.A. forB. through)33. Mr. Black went to ParisA. forB. inC. duringa few days.C. after)34. They will leave London next month.A. toB. from C. for)35. Are you going to the zoobus ormy car?A. on ;by參考答案：1-5 CCBABB. by ; in C. on ; in6-10 CACAA11-15 CBCBC16-20 ACAC

25、B31-35 BCACB21-25 BACCB26-30 CBBCA副詞知識點梳理副詞的定義以及分類副詞的考點教學重點副詞的變化以及副詞的使用教學難點副詞的變化以及用法1 .概念:2 .作用:3 .分類:副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞。 用來說明時間、地點、程度和方式等。 .時間副詞如 .地點副詞如 .程度副詞如 .方式副詞如 .疑問副詞如 .頻度副詞如now , then, today, yesterday here, there, home, so, very, much, too fast, quickly, earlyhow, where, when, whatalwa

26、ys sometimes, often, usually副詞的形式 一、形容詞+lyslow-slowly quick-quicklyquiet-quietly二、輔+y結尾的形容詞,happy-happily easy-easilyy 改 i+ly三、少數以e結尾，去e+ly;多數以e結尾，直接+lytrue-trulywide-widely四、形容詞與副詞同形fast-fasthard-hard early-early late-late 五、不規則變化good-well考點考點一：副詞的位置1.副詞修飾動詞時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。The old man walked slowly.

27、這位老人走得很慢。2 .副詞修飾形容詞、副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞前。The book is very interesting. I like it very much.這本書彳艮有意思，我彳艮喜歡。He plays quite well.他表現得相當好。3 .副詞修飾數詞時，通常位于數詞前。The woman is over forty, but she looks young. 這女人四十多了,但看起來去K艮年輕。【典例精析】The children look very today.They are playing in the park.A. happy; happy B. happil

28、y; happily C. happy; happilyD. happily; happy【答案】C【解析】100k為系動詞后面接形容詞，用happy. Play為動詞應用副詞修飾，所以選擇happily.隨堂小練習11. The dress is expensive. I can' t afford it.A. too B. toC. two D. not2. She sings very. A. goodB. well考點二副詞的比較等級1.副詞比較等級的構成副詞有三個比較等級原級、比較級和最高級。副詞比較等級分為規則變化和不規則變化。I.副詞比較級的規則變化情況改法原級比較級單音

29、節詞和少數雙音 節詞詞尾加erfasthardfasterharder以字母e結尾的單音 節詞詞尾加rlatelater兩個或兩個以上音節 的詞在此前加moreeasily quicklyMore easilyMore quicklyn副詞比較級的不規則變化常見副詞比較等級的不規則變化表原級比較級最局級wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarther/further二、副詞原級及比較級的用法 （一）副詞的原級 副詞的原級用于兩個人或事物的比較，有肯定結構和否定結構兩種形式。A.肯定

30、結構as+副詞原級+as,意思是：.和.一樣。Li Lei studies as hard as Zhang Tao.李磊和張濤一樣刻苦努力。B.否定結構not as+副詞原級+as或not so+副詞原級+as,意思是：.不及.Li Lei studies not as/so hard as Zhang Tao.李磊學習不及張濤刻苦。【典例精析】Does he work as as Tina.A. hard B. harderC. hardly【答案】A.【解析】as as中間加副詞原級隨堂小練習21. She can sing IA. as good asB. as better asC.

31、 as best asD as well as2. Steve works not as as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writing.A. carelessB. more carefullyC. carefullyD. most carefully（二）副詞比較級副詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較，結構：副詞比較級+than,意為 比.更.”Lily runs faster than Lucy. 麗麗比露西跑得快。 【典例精析】The girl in red sing than the girl in blue.A. well B. goo

32、dC. best D. better【答案】D.【解析】副詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較，結構：副詞比較級+than,所以選擇D,修飾sing用well,而better為well比較級。隨堂小練習3Who gets up（early）, Tim or Tom?（三）副詞的最高級三者或三者以上的比較最”要用最高級，也就是說，副詞的最高級用于至少三個人或事物的比較。副詞最高級的結構為“（the ） +副詞最高級+比較級范圍”，意為“最。形容詞最高級前面必須加定冠詞the,但如果最高級前面有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時，則不用定冠詞。形容詞最高級常與由介詞in或of引導的表示范圍的短語連

33、用。若介詞后的名詞或代詞與句中的主語是同一事物，則用 of短語；當只說明是在 某一空間、時間范圍內的比較時，則用in短語。【典例精析】Of the three cinema, you can buy movie tickets at Town Cinema.A. more quicklyB. most quicklyC. quickerD. quickly【答案】B.【解析】副詞的最高級用于至少三個人或事物的比較。此題有三個電影院，此外。副詞最高級的結構為“（the ） +副詞最高級+比較級范圍”。所以選擇B。隨堂小練習4Of three students, Tom runs.A. fastB

34、. faster C. fastest隨堂小練習參考答案1. A B 2.D C 3.earlier4. C.寫出下列副詞的比較級和最高級。hard fastearly wellcarefully littlefar badly二.用副詞的適當形式填空。1. Joan dances. She dances than Rose.But Mary dances in her class.(well)2. Which do you like(well), apples, oranges or pears?3. My mother always gets up in our family, but yesterday my father got up than she. (early)4. Can a plane