1、case, con diti on, situatio n, positi on, point, stage等名詞后接where引出的定語從句小議不久前，下面這道題引發了我們對stage作先行詞之后的定語從句引導詞的問題以及其它類似定于從句的探討,先看一道題：the conflicthad developedinto a stagethe two countries were gathering bigtroops on the border.（2009學年第二學期浙東北（zdb）三校期中聯考高二英語試卷（2010.05）a. whereb. whe nc.whichd. that本題到底是選

2、a還是選b ?關鍵問題在于對先行詞stage的理解，根據牛津高階英漢雙解詞典（第七版）簡作（oald）的解析：stage: a period of state that sb./sth. passes through while developing or making progress.既可以理解為事件（進展或進展的）階段， 狀態”；又可以理解為“時期”。而上題中作“階段”或“時期”都理解的通。再看stage的用法；*stage 名詞 n. c.夕牛臺一些女孩在舞臺上跳舞。some girls are dancing on the stage.2. 注意中心，活動舞臺，場所3. （進展的）階

3、段；時期 a caterpillar must pass through the coco on stage to become a butterfly.表示這些意思時，當stage作先行詞后有定語從句時，。例句：1.表地點： the stage where the girls are going to dance is in the gym.2. 表時期:the stage when he is preparing for his study isreally importa nt.不同的敘述： 當先行詞為 case，condition ， situation， position ， poi

4、nt，stage 等名詞，表示情況、方面、處境時用關系副詞where. 當先行詞是 case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名詞時，表示情況、方面、處境時，用關系副詞 where.但先行詞是occasion時，用關系副詞when. 當 situation, condition, stage, point，scenes 做先行詞時，用 where 弓丨導定語從句 先行詞通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等時間名詞時其后的定語從句用 when 引導.事實上，當先行詞occasion, point, s

5、tage等名詞是表示時間節點的時候，其后的定語從句就用when引導，在從句中作時間狀語.例如：1. i can remember very few occasi ons whe n he had to cancel because of ill health.(oald )我記得他因健康不佳而被迫取消的情況絕無僅有。whe n引導定語從句，在從句中作時間狀語.2. (2008 26) occasions are quite rare i have the time to spend a daywith my kids.b. whichd. whe na. whoc. why答案選d。考查定語從

6、句。此題關鍵是要根據句意判定是定語從句。句意為：我有時間和孩 子們一起度過一天的機會很少。occasions是先行詞，所選關系詞在定語從句中要作時間狀 語,故選d項3. we had reached the point whe n there was no mon ey.我們那時已至 U了沒有一分錢的時刻。point表示“某一階段，關頭”，所以其后用when引導定語從句。4. there comes a point in your life when you realize: who matters, who never did,who wont anymore5. china is now

7、at a stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization whenthe con tradict ion betwee n econo mic growth and en viro nmen tal protecti on is particularly prominent.中國目前正處于工業化和城市化加速發展的階段，此時經濟增長和環境保護之間的矛盾十分突出。source: hard times call for green economy/by hu shaowei (china daily 03/24/2010 page8)但

8、更多情況是：position , situation, stage, case等，作先行詞時，其后的定語從句應用where引導定語從句。如：1.oxford dict ionary on li nemore examples introducinga clause with when can be found but it is hard to findan example with where after occasi on.2.it is the same with Iongman dictionaryunder these conditions, where we see so much

9、 uncertainty with leadershipsuccession,possible in stability,we see no arms con trol, we see no con fide nee buildi ng measures,we see no disarmament, we see north korea refusing to return to the six-party talks, we see the sinking of the che onan and pote ntial clashes in the west sea around thenor

10、thern limit line, so a lot of people are just say ing this is just not the righttime, pin kst on said.voa n ews.it is the same with situatio n.it moves from a situation where only those items on the permitted list can comeinto gaza to a situati on where things come into gaza as a matter of course un

11、i essthey are on the prohibited list. it allows us to facilitate the un ited n ati onsprojects for reconstructionin things like schools and hospital and water sanitationand so on. bbc news 新聞 201006213. we were put i n a positi on in which(=where) we had either to accept we were lessimporta nt, or f

12、ight the governme nt.(人教版新課標高中英語必修1 lin e25.p34)我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭。這是一個主從復合句，in which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞position 。4. can you think of a situati on where you once felt embarrassed?你能設想起你曾經有過感到很窘迫的場合嗎？5. he is the boss of the restaura nt where( = in which ) we ofte n have lun ch.6. the last

13、thirty years have see n the greatest nu mber of laws stopp ing our rightsand progress un til today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights atall.(人教版新課標高中英語必修 1 lin e19-20 p34)注意：近年來高考對關系副詞 where的考查趨于復雜化，從先行詞為明顯的 “地點”發展為“模糊的地點化”。事實上，當先行詞表示某事物發展的某個situation “情景”、stage“階段”或某種程度時都可以用wher

14、e引導定語從句。所以文章開頭那道題答案為a.更多的列子如:1. ( 2009 24)it s helpful to put children in a situationthey cansee themselves differe ntly.a. thatb. whe nc.whichd. where2. (2009 14) i have reached a point in my life i amsupposed to make decisionsof my own.a. whichb. wherec. howd. why3. an iraqi reporter duri ng a n e

15、ws conferencethrew his shoes at bush andcalled him a dog in arabic shocked the world.a. whob. wherec. whomd. which1. 【解析】選d?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意為：把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。當先行詞是 case, condition,situation,position,point, stage等名詞表示“情況，方面，處境”時，關系副詞用where。2. 【解析】選b?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意為：我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。先行詞point和定語

16、從句被介詞短語in my life隔開。當先行詞是 case, condition,situation, position, point, stage等名詞表示“情況、方面、處境”時，定語從句用關系副詞where引導。how不能用來引導定語從句；which在定語從句中作主語或賓語；why引導定語從句時先行詞應為reason;因此可排除選項a、c和d。3. 【解析】選d。考查定語從句。此題關鍵是要根據句意判定是定語從句。句意為：我有時間和孩子們一起度過一天的機會很少。occasions是先行詞，所選關系詞在定語從句中要作時間狀語，故選d項。類似的還有如：4. thosesuccessful de

17、afdan cersthink that dancing is an activity a. whe nb. whosec. whichd. where這道題中的activity做地點狀語。選d4. 【解析】選d :本題考查對定語從句的掌握和運用能力。句意為“那些失聰的成功舞蹈演員們認為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動?！睋渥咏Y構判斷，空白處缺一引導定語從句的關聯詞，由于先行詞 activity 在從句中擔任地點狀語故應該選擇關系副詞where，因此正確答案為d項。所以大部分的語法解析中提到當situationstage casepoi nt這四個詞在定語從句中作先行詞表示抽象的地點時，其

18、后的定語從句的引導詞一般用 where例如：1. the media can draw attention to situation where help is needed.2. we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights.3. today, we II discuss a number of cases where beginners of english fail to usethe Ian guageproperly.4. we are just trying to reach a point where both si

19、des will sit dow n together and talk.5. their youn gest child is at the stage where she can say in dividual words but notfull senten ces.練習：用適當的關系副詞填空1. today, we II discuss a number of cases beginners of english fail to usethe Ian guage properly.a . whichb . asc . whyd . where2. those successful de

20、af dancers think that dancing is an activitysightmatters more tha n heari ng.a . whenb . whosec . whichd . where3. after graduationshe reached a point in her career she needed to decidewhat to do.a . thatb . whatc . whichd . where4. can you think out a situati onthis word can be used?a . whereb . wh

21、osec . whichd.whe n5. her ill ness has developed to the pointn obody can cure her.a . thatb . wherec . whichd . what6. were just trying to reaching a point both sides will sit down togetherand talk.a. whe nb. thatc.答案及解釋:1. 答案d。解析：考查定語從句。先行詞是cases，意思是：情況，狀態，關系詞在從句中作狀語，先行詞指地點，用where。2. 答案d。解析：考查的是定語從

22、句。dancing is an activity后面是一個定語從句，修飾an activity，在定語從句中缺少狀語，所以用 where或in which 。3. 答案d。解析：本題考查定語從句的引導詞。在定語從句中，當先行詞為point, case,situation等時，通常用關系副詞where引導。4. 答案a。解析：本題考查定語從句的引導詞。在定語從句中，當先行詞為point, case,situation等時，通常用關系副詞where引導你能設想出這個單詞被使用的場合嗎？5. 答案b。解析：本題考查定語從句的引導詞。在定語從句中，當先行詞為point, case,situation等時，通常用關系副詞where引導.她的病發展到沒人能治的地步。6. 答案c。解析：本題考查定語從句的引導詞。在定語從句中，當先行詞為point, case,situation等時，通常用關系副詞