1、.高二非謂語動詞專題二本部分主要講分詞，包括如今分詞和過去分詞，讓學生通過例句來總結知識點，合適自主學習性比較強的學員1.什么是非謂語動詞：在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式the Infinitive；動名詞the Gerund；如今分詞the Present Participle；過去分詞the Past Participle。NO.1如今分詞1. 如今分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。否認式：not + 如今分詞1如今分詞的主動語態：如今分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生，完成式表示的

2、動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生，常作狀語。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業，他開場打籃球。2如今分詞的被動語態：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作，完成式表示發生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy

3、made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。2如今分詞的句法功能：1作定語：如今分詞作定語，當分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；假如是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學習更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。注意：如今分詞作定語相當于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用

4、in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. 2如今分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。注意：be + doing既可能表示如今進展時，也可能是如今分詞做表語，它們的區別在于be + doing表示進展的動作是進展時，而表示特征時是系動詞be與如今分詞構

5、成系表構造。3作賓語補足語：如下動詞后可跟如今分詞作賓語補足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。4如今分詞作狀語：作時間狀語：While Working in the factory, he was an advanc

6、ed worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進工人。作原因狀語：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團員，他經常幫助別人。作方式狀語，表示伴隨：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作條件狀語：If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費珍貴的時間。作結果狀語：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉

7、了，結果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語：He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經賣光了，他們絕望地分開了。Time permitt

8、ing, we'll do another two exercises. 假如時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。注意：有時也可用with without +名詞代詞賓格+分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。作獨立成分：udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細心。動名詞和如今分詞的區別：動名詞與如今分詞的區別主要是：1. 假如in

9、g形式在句中作表語，那么它可能是如今分詞，也可能是動名詞。區別方法是：動名詞作定語時，說明被修飾的名詞的用處可以用"use for +動名詞"這個構造代替，它和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關系，可以與主語交換位置；如今分詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的行為，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關系，不能與主語交換位置，可以擴展為定語從句。E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一節臥車車廂 sleeping此處為動名詞a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一個睡著的孩子 sleeping

10、此處為如今分詞2. 動名詞具有名詞的性質： 可以和名詞一樣有冠詞或this、some等修飾； E.g.: A knocking at the door was heard 可以和名詞一樣有所有格、復數形式； E.g.: He enjoys reading for readings sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I cant keep track of all his comings and goings. 可以帶有所有格已說明動作者。 E.g.: Please excuse my coming late.3. “動名詞+名詞和“如今

11、分詞+名詞的讀音不同，前者的重音在“動名詞上a sleeping suit，而后者的重音在“名詞上a sleeping child。4. 動名詞用法的特殊情況 No+動名詞用于簡短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: No smoking. There is no+-ing是不可能的= It is impossible to = No one can or We cannot E.g.: There is no telling when lasting peace will come. 誰也不知道永久的和平何時到來 Never or not without + -ing 每次都= wheneverE.g.

12、: He never comes without bringing some present. It goes without saying that 是不用說的= It is needless to say thatE.g.: It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. Do+動名詞做需要假設干時間或一再重復的事情動名詞之前都有the、所有格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之類的形容詞。E.g.: Do you do much fishing? On or upon +-in

13、g 當，一就=when or as soon as +S. + V. Of ones own = -ing 自己的=-ed by oneselfE.g.: He showed me a picture of his own painting. Make a point of ing 必定，重視= make it a point to E.g.: He makes a point of calling on me on New Years Day. Be on or upon the point of ing 正要= be just about to 5. 假如ing形式在句中充當狀語和補語，那

14、么它一定是如今分詞。假如ing形式在句中充當主語、賓語、同位語，那么它一定是動名詞。如今分詞和動名詞形式上一樣，但語法作用不同。如今分詞起形容詞作用，作定語、賓語補足語、表語和狀語；而動名詞起名詞作用，作主語、賓語、定語和表語。如今分詞與動名詞作定語的判斷1v-ing 同它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關系，不表示名詞本身的動作、行為，通常表示被修飾名詞的用處時，v-ing為動名詞：如：a swimming pool一個游泳池；    a walking stick一根拐棍2 v-ing 同它修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關系，表示名詞本身的動作、行為時

15、，v-ing 為如今分詞。單個如今分詞作前置定語，如今分詞短語那么作后置定語。如：The boy sitting  0n the sofa is a classmate of mine.沙發上坐著的那個男孩是我的一個同學。a speaking boy = a boy who is speaking一個說話的男孩；如今分詞和動名詞在復合構造中的判斷1在“名詞所有格或物主代詞+v-ing的復合構造中，v-ing 的邏輯主語為名詞的所有格或物主代詞，此時為動名詞。如：Do you mind Jack's playing with your son here?你介意杰克和你

16、兒子在這里玩嗎？Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？2在“名詞或人稱代詞賓格+v-ing的復合構造中，v-ing 的邏輯主語為名詞或代詞的賓格時，它一般被判斷為如今分詞。如：I can hear students reading English on the campus every morning每天早晨我經常可以聽到學生們在校園里讀英語。I saw them shaking hands warmly when I got off the train當我下了火車后，我見到他們親切地握手。v-ing 作表語，是如今分詞還是動名詞的判斷1在“主語+系動詞

17、+ v-ing構造中，假如表語與主語是處于同等的位置，即主語與表語可以互換位置而意思不變時，v-ing 為動名詞。如：Her job is looking after the children = Looking after the children is her job她的工作是看小孩兒。2當主語表示某人、某事物或各種各樣的情況，而表語又是補充說明主語的特征，其前可以加上very，quite等詞來修飾時，v-ing為如今分詞。如：What he said is very quite inspiring他所說的話很鼓舞人。The music is very exciting. 音樂很令人興奮。

18、3在“主語+系動詞如：look，become，get，feel，keep，seem，sound，remain，etc+ v-ing構造中，v-ing 為如今分詞。如：The story sounds moving. 這個故事聽起來很動人。簡單地說：     如今分詞與動名詞，形態上完全一樣，都是動詞以ing結尾，但兩者有一個最本質的區別，那就是如今分詞是形容詞，而動名詞是名詞，因此在一個句子中，但凡可以放形容詞的地方，都可以放如今分詞，但凡可以放名詞的地方，都可以放動名詞，你只要記住這一點就可以了。NO.2過去分詞1. 形式： 動詞的過去分詞只

19、有一種形式，絕大部分的過去分詞由動詞原形加-ed構成，也有一些過去分詞是不規那么的。2. 動詞的過去分詞的否認形式 動詞過去分詞否認形式是由not或never加過去分詞構成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進去，他只好在外面等著。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 從未被邀請過去他的聚會，她很生氣。3. 動詞的過去分詞的特征動詞的過去分詞有被動的意思，有時也可表示完成的動作。動詞的過去分詞表示完成被動的動作過去分詞帶有完成的意義，有的同時也帶有被動的意義。

20、Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發現其中一個杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國人的喜歡。及物動詞的過去分詞一般表示被動的意思Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充

21、足的時間，我就能猜出那個謎語。句子的主語I 和動詞give之間是被動關系。When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你說英語的時候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。動詞make的賓語yourself和賓語補足語understand之間是被動關系。The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在軍隊獲得的經歷對我們的學習很有幫助。 不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成的意思，并不帶有被動的含義 an escaped prisoner 逃犯 =

22、a prisoner who has escaped a retired worker 退休工人 = a worker who has retired a newly arrived guest 新來的客人 = a guest who has just arrivedWe should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我們應該不時地從興隆國家引進先進技術。People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人們應該注意到變化了的

23、形勢。常見的如：Fallen leaves faded flowers the risen sun departed friends returned students專題過關1. The repairs cost a lot ,but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be

24、recorded D. having recorded3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be knownKeys：BAB過去分詞的句法功能1. 作表語：The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環山。 注意：過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態，而被動語態那么表示動作。 1The cup wa

25、s broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。是被動語態，表示動作 2The library is now closed. 圖書館關門了。過去分詞作表語 注意：過去分詞表示被動或完成，V-ing 形式表示主動或進展.有些動詞，如：interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用 -ing 形式來修飾物.。 3The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。 2. 作定語：作定語的過

26、去分詞相當于形容詞或者被動的定語從句,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1過去分詞用作定語，假如是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應改變了的情況。 2過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當于一個定語從句,但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。

27、 3過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡送英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。 4用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。3. 作狀語：3. 1 過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作。 1Written in a hurry,

28、this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。 注意：written 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經被寫. 值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表構造,作狀語時不表被動而表主動.這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有： lost 迷路; seated 坐; hidden 躲; stationed 駐扎; lost / absorbed in 沉溺于; born 出身于; dressed in 穿著; tired of 厭煩。 3. 2 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應注意人稱一致； 1Given another hour, I

29、 can also work out this problem. 再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題.given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I，即 I 被再給一個小時。 2Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市，城市顯得更漂亮。seen 為過去分詞作狀語，表"被看",由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是"我們",因為"我們"應主動看城市。 注意：假如過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的

30、邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞構造實際上屬于獨立主格構造。 1The signal given, the bus started. 信號一發出，汽車就開動了。the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語，因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語。 2Her head held high, she went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去。her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語，因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語。 3.3 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句. 1Caught in a heavy rain, he was al

31、l wet. 因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain. 2Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 假如種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。 grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 注意：狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保存連詞，構成"連詞過去分詞

32、"構造作狀語。 When given a medical examination,you should keep calm. 當你做體格檢查時要保持鎮定。 3.4 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。 4. 作賓語補足語：一可以接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類： 4.1表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞.如：see,

33、watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 1I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard;2He found his hometown greatly changed. 他發現他的家鄉變化很大。過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found 4.2表示“致使意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 1I'll have my hair cut tomorrow

34、. 明天我要理發。 2He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 3Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 4.3表示思維活動的動詞如consider， know， think等后。如： 1I consider the matter settled. 我認為這件事解決了。 2I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我認為自己在這場交易中有受愚弄了。 4.4表示愛憎,意愿的動詞如want， wish， like， hate等后。如：

35、1I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要預定兩張機票。 2He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。 注意：過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。 二使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。 1過去分詞所表示的動作由別人完成。 He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了。被別人偷去了 2 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷.如： He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 自己的經歷專題過關1. As we joined the big crowd, I got _from my f

36、riends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed2. I dont know the restaurant，but it is _ to be quite a good one.A. saidB. toldC. spoken D. talked 3. The young man seems to be _in law A. interesting B. interested C. interest D.being interested4. Have you read the news in today's newspaper？This news

37、sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 5. -Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _.A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. Changing6._ into use in April 2019, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putti

38、ng C. Having put D. Being put7._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing9. When _help, on

39、e often says “Thank you. or “Its kind of you.A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry youKeys:1-5. AABDB 6-10. AABAC 達標檢測一、單項選擇1. _ by the beauty of natur

40、e, the girl from London decides to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. Having attractedC. To be attracted D. Attracted2. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed3. You will see this product _ wherever you

41、 go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising4._the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. Our self-respect increased when _by others. A. feeling accepted B. accepted C. we feel

42、 accepted D. accepting6. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring

43、 8. She felt rather _that she should drive the car at such a_ speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. frightening, frightened D. frightened, frightening9. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay10. Did you attend the meeting _yesterd

44、ay?A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held11. Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on 12. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to wr

45、ite13. The rooms are _, so you cant move in.A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted14. As soon as he entered the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 15. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappoi

46、nting; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 16. The murderer was brought in , with his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied17. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not h

47、aving received D. Having not received18. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving19. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B.

48、 Having lost C. Lost D. To lose20. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparingC. Comparing D. When compared2、 語法填空1. The students, _ surpriseat the way the questions were put, didn't know the answers to them. 2.Prices of daily good

49、s _buy through a computer can be lower than store prices. 3. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ _ considere insufficiently popular with all members. 4._separate from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country

50、 in the world. 5. Dont spend time beating on a wall, _hope to change it into a door.6.Dont let the sadness of your past and the fear of your future _ ruin the happiness of your present. 7. Always remember to get every bit of criticism _ sandwich between two thick layers of praise. 8.To avoid _ lay o

51、ff, you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit the company. 9. The latest research _ undertake shows that micro blog is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens. 10._ set our life goals will guide us to a bright future, without which we may waste our li

52、fetime. 11. The government will come up with more volunteer projects just _ promote the volunteer industry. 12. _ make several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted. Keys: 一. 1. DABCC 6. AADCC 11. BACDC 16. DCDCD 二. 1. surprised; bought; considered; Having been separated; hoping; ruin; 7. sandwiched; being laid; undertaken; Setting; to promote; Having made.非