1、Passage OneOceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea".Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far betwee n. Certa inly Newt on con sidered some theoretical aspectsof it in his writi ngs, but he was rel

2、uctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time tha

3、t question "What is at the bottom of the oceans? had to be answered with any commercial consequencewas when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depthprofile (起伏 形狀)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufact

4、ured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings( 測聲)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, s

5、ome of his findings aroused much popular in terest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not un til 1866 was the connection made perma nent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in livi n

6、g growths, a fact which defied con temporary scie ntific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.With in a few years ocea no graphy was un der way. In 1872 Thoms on led a scientific expedition (考察),which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea.

7、Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America madeocea no graphic studies take on.A) an academic aspectB) a military aspectC) a bus in ess aspect

8、D) an international aspect2. It was that asked Maury for help in ocea no graphic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3. The aim of the voyages Maury was resp on sible for in

9、 the 1840s was.A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans4. "Defied ”in the 5th paragraph probably means66A) doubtedB) gave proof toC) challengedD)

10、agreed to5. This passage is mainly about.A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain

11、number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester.A typical course consists of three classesper week f

12、or fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester.Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also po

13、ssible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers

14、. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students w

15、ho advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these po

16、sitions of authority is much respectedand it will be of benefit to him later in his career.6. Normally a student would at least attend classes each week.A) 36B) 20C) 12D) 157. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular

17、course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities8. American university students are usually under pressure of work becauseA) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student

18、affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority9. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because.A) they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universi

19、tyC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid10. The student organizations seem, to be effective in.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students9 performance by bringing

20、 them before a courtD) keeping up the students 5 enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage Three ：A<I'd been living with my wife for eight years and one night morn, says, “ I guessyou guys are never gonna get married. I mean, you've been through jail together, you' e living together, bu

21、t., oh, forget it.""Oh, well, I said, "put it like that and Fll marry your daughter tomorrow,Actually, I don't know what we were waiting for, except that for a guy it's never the right time to get married. I'm also suspicious of any two people who don't struggle with t

22、hat decision. Part of my problem was that I was still lusting in my heart after other ladies. But somehow I knew that Iwasn'tgoing to find another woman remotely as great as my soon-to-be wife. It's a good thing my mother-inlaw finally spoke up.I fin ally gathered my courage one day whe n we

23、 were hav ing a pic nic, and popped the questi on. I also gave my wife a big tourist pamphlet about Switzerla nd. I was n't tak ing any cha nces.She said no.It killed me. I felt sick to my stomach. I lost my appetite. Our dog just stared at me, thinking, "If you're not going to eat your

24、 lun ch, I Fin ally, I said, "But the Switzerla nd trip is yours if you say yes.""Switzerland," she said, "is filled with precise, humorless people.""Maybe I should have suggested Paris?,For a minute it seemed as if my change in travel plans would rate a solid &quo

25、t;maybe". But she said no aga in. When we woke up the n ext morning, she told me that she'd slept on my proposal. "I guess I was a little rude to you last ni ght," she expla in ed. Mean while, I'm figuri ng I'm off the hook for this marriage thing for at least ano ther eig

26、ht years. I could afford to be gen erous."I asked, you said no .It's okay," I said. I might have looked a little too relieved because later that<4day she gave me a little box. In side was a gold watch. On the back was in scribed.Yes. Fverec on sidered.,I liked the watch, so I did th

27、e right thi ng.9. -The reas on why the man had waited so long was that he.A did n' t think eight years was long en oughB suspected that husba nd and wife would ofte n quarrelC did n't think he was ready to propose to herD was wait ing for his mother- in-laws approval10. The man proposed to t

28、he woma n because.A he realized he could find no other woman betterB he was afraid that the woman might leave himC he was eager to visit Switzerland with the womanD he could fin ally overcome his fear for marriage11. By saying " I could afford to be generous., (third paragraph from the bottom)

29、the man implied that he.A wouldn ' t care too much 遷 he stayed singleB could take her to a better place than ParisC was rich enough to support his wifeD did n't care what she thought about his proposal12. The last sentence "I did the right thin g" implied he.A traveled with his wif

30、eB had a successful marriageC liked the watch very muchD waited for ano ther eight years13. The best title for this text would be.A How My Mother-I n-Law Helped MeB How I Received a Gold Watch I LikedC How I Made My Wife Travel With MeD How I Came to Marry-My WifePassage Four :Taste is such a subjec

31、tive matter that we don't usually con duct prefere nee tests for food. The most you can say about anyon e's prefere nee, is that it's one pers on's opinion. But because the two big cola（可口 可樂）companies 一 Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, we've wondered how bi

32、g a role taste preferenee actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who ide ntified themselves as either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your bra nd in a bli nd tast ing.We in vited staff volu nteers who had a stro ng liki ng for either Coca-Cola Classic（傳統型） orPep

33、si, Diet （低糖的） Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telli ng their bra nd from the other brand.We eve ntually located 19 regular cola drin kers and 27 diet cola dr in kers. The n we fed them four uniden tified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for

34、the one group, diet vers ions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants 5 choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too

35、 tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recog nize their bra nd. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drin kers correctly iden tified their bra nd of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola dri nkers did a little worse-only 7 of 27 iden tified all four samples correctly.While bo

36、th groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participa nts did about as well on the last round of tast ing as on the first, so fatigue, or taste bur no ut, w

37、as not a factor. Our prefere nce test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participa nts and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.14. Accord ing to the passage the prefere nce test was con ducted in order to.A find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinkingB reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkersC show that a pers on