1、油類記錄簿記錄析在每次PSC檢查中油類記錄簿成為必須查項(xiàng)目。據(jù)MARPOL73/78防污公約I 2條6項(xiàng)；締約國(guó)政府主管當(dāng)局可以對(duì)停本國(guó)港口或附近海裝卸站的適合本國(guó)附則任何船舶檢查油類記錄簿并可將該記錄簿的任何記錄錄制成副本。也可要求船長(zhǎng)證明該副本是該項(xiàng)記錄的真實(shí)副本。凡經(jīng)船長(zhǎng)證明為船上油類記錄簿中某項(xiàng)真實(shí)副本者，將在法律訴訟成為該項(xiàng)記錄中所述的事實(shí)證據(jù)。油類記錄簿作為法律依據(jù)的文本，正確的記錄是非常必要的。（一）1；記錄前的準(zhǔn)備； 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)MARPOL73/78防污公約它即是船舶防污標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是各PSC檢查的依據(jù)。該公約是船舶必備的圖書資料之一，輪機(jī)部人員應(yīng)借閱并反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)，找出本適合的條例，熟知

2、防污知識(shí)、排污標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和設(shè)備的具體要求，對(duì)禁排區(qū)、特殊區(qū)域等有清楚的認(rèn)識(shí)。2；仔細(xì)查閱IOPP證書；IOPP證書是船舶國(guó)際防止油污證書。方格內(nèi)X表示是及適用，填入一表示否及不適用。該證書由船長(zhǎng)保管。任職輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)必須直接向船長(zhǎng)借閱并復(fù)印一份保存。油類記錄簿中船舶的船名，編號(hào)或呼號(hào)，各殘油的艙室類別、名稱、編號(hào)、容積、污水艙（柜）的類別、位置、容積都在其中明確標(biāo)明。記錄油類記錄簿應(yīng)以該證書中提供的名稱、參數(shù)為依據(jù)，不得隨便更名，改變參數(shù)。而防污設(shè)備如；有報(bào)警和自動(dòng)仃止裝置15PPM濾油設(shè)備，油水分離/濾油設(shè)備，該系統(tǒng)最大排量M3/h,油渣焚燒爐,處理能力L/h等防污設(shè)備功能也在證書中明確注明。記錄油類記

3、錄簿應(yīng)以證書中提供的防污設(shè)備的能力為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù),設(shè)備的使用記錄不可超出證書中的能力參數(shù)。3;查閱留船的加油單據(jù) 全球范圍內(nèi)船用燃油質(zhì)量低劣,在供油商所提供的報(bào)告單中,柴油單據(jù)詳細(xì)注明了水,灰份,總沉淀物的含量等。而燃油單據(jù)中往往不注明總沉淀物的含量。一般而言船東會(huì)向正規(guī)的油公司提出燃油質(zhì)量要求。如按ISO8217;1996(E)RME標(biāo)準(zhǔn),180cst的燃油15時(shí)密度為991.0kg/m3,總沉淀物,水,灰分的最大含量分別為0.1,10.1理論上凈化1.0M3的燃油產(chǎn)生的油水渣最多為1.2,其中大部分是水。實(shí)際記錄中最好對(duì)油渣艙實(shí)測(cè),并定時(shí)將水抽到污水艙中。(二) 關(guān)了C項(xiàng);殘油的收集和處理C1

4、1項(xiàng)記錄的艙柜僅指IOPP證書中第三項(xiàng)一所列出的油艙。首先要分清三個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞,RESIDUFS-泛指油渣,殘油。SLUDGE -專指凈油機(jī)分離出的油泥。BILGE WATER-則是含油污水。C11,1項(xiàng)指包括焚燒爐污油柜在內(nèi)的所有SLUDGE柜。記錄要求短航線每周記錄一次殘油(渣)量。長(zhǎng)航線時(shí)因油渣艙艙容有限,油渣柜中的水需要定期抽出。油泥駁至焚燒爐油柜中焚燒等。建議每周記錄一次存量為佳。由于美國(guó)海岸警備隊(duì)USCG,巴黎協(xié)約國(guó)組織PAIRS MOU要求抵港時(shí)留存油渣量不得超過(guò)油艙艙容50,因而歐美航線的輪機(jī)長(zhǎng)需注意此項(xiàng)。一般而言當(dāng)油渣艙留存油泥達(dá)80時(shí)應(yīng)盡早轉(zhuǎn)駁上岸接收。C11,2項(xiàng)則指除SL

5、UDGE柜以外殘油柜。C12項(xiàng)的記錄例表如下: Name operation process11.1 Fuel oil sludge tank no25/10.0m3/5.5m3 incinerator setting tank no37/6.5m3/3.0m3C (other sludge tank) no18/2.5m3/0.7m3.11.2 Bilge oil tank no12/20.0m3/12.5m3 dirty oil tank no18/2.5m3/0.7m3.And again next weekC 11.1 Fuel oil sludge tank no25/10.0m3/

6、6.5m3 incinerator setting tank no37/6.5m3/3.0m3(other sludge tank) no18/2.5m3/1.3m3 .HamburgC 12.1 5.0m3 sludge from fuel oil sludge tank no25 to barge entsorger 1.5m3 retained onboard.C 12.2 1.0m3 from fuel oil sludge tank no 25 to incinerator setting tank no 37/4.0m3.C 12.2 2.0m3 water from sludge

7、 tank to bilge holding tank.C 12.3 Burning sludge between 0800h-1600h 480 liters from incinerator setting tank.D 13. 4.0m31 4 1300h-1500h15.2 Lat ( ) lon ( ) of beginLat ( ) lon ( ) of enC 12.2 100 Liters to dirty oil tank 5.5m3D 13 10.0m3 from engine room bilge14 1500h-1700h15.4 To bilge holding ta

8、nk no 9/10m3/12m3.H 27.1 Port of Amsterdam27.2 1700h-2340h27.3 180cst FO500M/T to NO.3 FO Tank/600m3400M/T to NO.4 FO Tank/500m3500M/T to NO.6 FO Tank/600m3Total FO tank 1700m3I Burning 2.5kg oily ragsBetween 0830h-0930h(三)關(guān)于D項(xiàng):機(jī)器處所積存的艙底水非自動(dòng)方式排出舷外或其它處理經(jīng)15ppm設(shè)備排放污水時(shí),在油水分離器頂部,堆積著分離出的污油,當(dāng)達(dá)到一定容量時(shí)排油電磁伐動(dòng)作

9、,污油流回污油艙中,故應(yīng)在記錄排水D項(xiàng)同時(shí)附加一個(gè)C12.2記錄如上表.排放污水時(shí)最好的方式是先將機(jī)艙污水抽至污水艙中,再由油水分離器排出,這樣經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)量污水艙可算出準(zhǔn)確的排出量.(四)關(guān)于H項(xiàng): 加裝燃油或散裝滑油我國(guó)現(xiàn)用的油類記錄簿H27.3項(xiàng)附注與MARPOL73/78項(xiàng)附注有沖突,我國(guó)為STATE QUANTITY ADDED AND TOTAL QUANTITY OF TANK(S) （說(shuō)明油艙的加油數(shù)量和總存量）。公約為STATE QUANTITY ADDED AND TOTAL CONTENT OF TANK（S）。 （說(shuō)明補(bǔ)充的數(shù)量和總?cè)萘浚＝ㄗhH27.3項(xiàng)以公約為準(zhǔn)。記錄如上

10、表。（五）關(guān)于I項(xiàng)：補(bǔ)禮作業(yè)程序一般說(shuō)明正常情況下含油污物的焚燒，油水分離器濾芯清洗，更換可記入I項(xiàng)中，如上表最后一項(xiàng)表述。油類記錄簿的記載實(shí)例及格式:排機(jī)艙污水,通過(guò)15PPM油水分離器. 代碼D記述如下: 先填寫日期欄12TH/FEB 2006D 13 Discharged 1M3 bilge water.14 Started at 08:00 AM and stopped at 09:00 AM.15.1 Started at 32。11.3N; 124。06.7E.Stopped at 32。26.0N; 124。18.3E.裝滑油如下: 代碼H 記述如下:H 27.1 Ying ko

11、u port of china27.2 Started At 16:00 PM, Finished at 16:45 PM.散裝滑油,27.3 Added M/E lub oil 3000 L to M/E LO tank. Total 3500L in LOtank.捅裝滑油,27.3 Added all lub oil:SULMAR 40 170KG/DRUM×15 DRUMS.HYDROSO 68 170KG/DRUM×1 DRUM.裝燃油:H 27.1 BU SAN port of KOREA.27.2 Started at 16:30 PM; stopped at

12、 18:30 PM.27.3 Added 25 tons DO to (P)(S) DO tank.Total quantity DO (P)(S) tank is 35 tons.27.3 Added 75 tons FO to (P)(S) FO tank.Total quantity FO (P)(S) tank is 92.8 tons.收集殘油: 代碼C記述如下; 在代碼前日期欄內(nèi)填寫日期,17TH/FEB C 11.1 Sludge tank capacity of tank 3.95M3Total quantity of retention 0.85M3.11.2 FO slud

13、ge tank capacity of tank 5.26M3.Total quantity of retention 0.8M3.11.3 LO sludge tank capacity of tank 3.95M3.Total quantity of retention 0.6M3.船船供應(yīng)F.O油量的計(jì)算方法如下:F.O加溫后的駁入到收受F.O船舶這時(shí)的比重C2(即供油的比重)的求法公式: C2=供油單據(jù)標(biāo)明的比重一(加熱溫度一原始溫度×0.00065)舉例說(shuō)明:C2=0.9895單據(jù)比重一(35一15×0.00065)=0.9895一(20×0.00065

14、)=0.9895一(0.013)=0.9765這0.9765就是供油船加熱到35時(shí)供應(yīng)到接受船舶時(shí)的油量結(jié)算的溫度.月份簡(jiǎn)寫:1.JAN 4.APR 7.JUL 10.OCT2.FEB 5.MAY 8.AUG 11.NOV3.MAR 6.JUN 9.SEP 12.DEC中英對(duì)照港口國(guó)管理船舶檢查要點(diǎn)(中遠(yuǎn)香港集團(tuán)有限公司)(一) 港口國(guó)管理介紹 PORT STATE CONTROL1.港口國(guó)管理概要 OUTLINE OF THE PORT STATE CONTROL港口當(dāng)局上船進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)包括依據(jù)下述公約要求檢查證書,文件,船體和機(jī)器,設(shè)備狀態(tài)以及有關(guān)設(shè)備,儀器的操作要求.THE PORT AUT

15、HORITIES CARRY OUT INSPECTIONS WHICHCONSIST OF VISIT ON BOARD A SHIP FOR CHECKING THECERTIFICATES, DOCUMENTS, CONDITION OF HULL AND MACHINERY,ND EQUIPMENTS, AND THE OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS IN THEIR CONTROL PROCEDURES INACCORDANCE WITH THE RELEVANT INSTRUMENTS ASMENTIONED BELOW.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷會(huì)影響安全,衛(wèi)生和環(huán)境,港國(guó)當(dāng)局

16、會(huì)要求在開航前修妥甚至滯留船舶直至修妥,并將采取的行動(dòng)通知船旗國(guó).THE PORT AUTHORITIES ALL OVER THE WORLD HAVEESTABLISHED PORT STATE CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ENHANCED THE INSPECTIONS AT THE PORTS IN ORDER TO AVOID SUBSTANDARD SHIPS.如缺陷在當(dāng)?shù)馗劭诓荒苄尥?在不危害安全,衛(wèi)生和環(huán)境的情況下,可允許開往下港修妥.港口當(dāng)局會(huì)通知下港主管機(jī)關(guān)和船旗國(guó).WHERE DEFICIENCIES CANNOT BE REMEDIED IN THE POR

17、TOF INSPECTION, THE PORT AUTHORITY MAY ALLOW THE SHIP TO PROCEED TO ANOTHER PORT FOR REPAIRS, IF IT ISENSURED THAT THE SHIP CAN PROCEED WITHOUT DANGER TO SAFETY, HEALTH OR ENVIRONMENT. IN SUCH A CASE, THE PORT AUTHORITY WILL NOTIFY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY WILL NOTIFY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OF THE N

18、EXT PORT OF CALL AND FLAG STATE OF THE ACTION TAKEN.2.港口國(guó)管理適用的公約APPLICABLE INSTRUMENTS AT THE PORT STATE CONTROL為了達(dá)到港口國(guó)管理的目的,港口當(dāng)局將依據(jù)下列公約進(jìn)行檢查;FOR THE PURPOSE OF PORT STATE CONTROL, THE PORTAUTHORITIES WILL APPLY IN GENERAL THE FOLLOWINGINSTRUMENTS.(1)1966年國(guó)際載重線公約(LL)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LO

19、AD LINE, 1966(LL);(2)1966年國(guó)際載重線公約1988年議定書THE PROTOCOL OF 1988 RELATING TO THE LL;(3)1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約(SOLAS74)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 (SOLAS74);(4) 1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約1978年議定書THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING TO THE SOLAS74;(5) 1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約1988年議定書THE PROTOCOL OF 19

20、88 RELATING TO THE SOLAS74;(6)1973年國(guó)際防止船舶污染公約及1978年議定書(MA RPOL73/78)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OFPOLLUTION FROM SHIPS, 1973(MARPOL73), AS MODIFIED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING THERETO;(7)1978年國(guó)際海員培訓(xùn),發(fā)證和值班標(biāo)準(zhǔn)公約(STCW)THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING CERTIFI

21、CATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, 1978 (STCW);(8)1972年國(guó)際海上避碰規(guī)則公約(COLREG72)THE CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR PREVENTING CONLLISION AT SEA, 1972(COLREG72);(9)1976年商船(最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn))公約(國(guó)際勞工組織公約第147號(hào))THE MERCHANT SHIPPING (MINIMUM STANDARDS) CONVENTION,1976 (ILO CONVENTION NO.147);3.對(duì)船長(zhǎng)的建議

22、ADVICE TO THE MASTER(1)船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)定期檢查船舶狀態(tài)特別是在抵港前.THE MASTER SHALL CHECK THE CONDITION OF HIS SHIPREGULARLY AND ESPECIALLY BEFORE ARRIVAL AT A PORT.(2)船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)認(rèn)真地執(zhí)行常規(guī)保養(yǎng)使船舶處于良好狀態(tài).THE MASTER SHALL CARRY OUT THE ROUTINE MAINTENANCE SERIOUSLY AND KEEP THE SHIP ALWAYS IN GOOD CONDITION.(3)船長(zhǎng)應(yīng)特別注意船體和甲板上會(huì)腐蝕的結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)備,包括空氣管

23、,艙口圍壁,艙蓋,舷墻和通風(fēng)管.THE MASTER SHALL PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE POSSIBLE DETERIORATION OF ALL THE HULL STRUCTURES AND FITTING ON THE WEATHER DECK, INCLUDING AIR PIPES, HATCH COAMINGS, HATCH COVERS, BULWARKS AND VENTILATORS.(4)通過(guò)定期訓(xùn)練和演習(xí),船長(zhǎng)和船員要清楚地掌握救生艇的吊放程序,啟動(dòng)艇機(jī)的方法,應(yīng)急救火泵和其它有關(guān)安全,衛(wèi)生和環(huán)境的應(yīng)急設(shè)備之操作方法.船長(zhǎng)和船上負(fù)責(zé)人員

24、要明確知道主機(jī),舵機(jī)和其它重要機(jī)器的操作,也要熟悉有關(guān)MARPOL公約的設(shè)備,例如:油水分離器的控制系統(tǒng),15PPM報(bào)警器,排油監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和隋性氣體系統(tǒng).THE MASTER AND THE CREW SHALL FULLY UNDERSTAND THE OPERA TING PROCEDURES FOR LAUNCHING LIFEBOATS EINCLUDING THE ENGINE STARTING, EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP, AND OTHER EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT FOR SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, THROUGH

25、REGULAR TRAINING OF THE CREW AND DRILLS ON BOARD THE SHIP.THE MASTER AND THE CREW IN CHARGE SHALL ALSO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE OPERATION OF THE MAIN ENGINE,STEERING GEAR AND OTHER ESSENTIAL MACHINERY, AND THE OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR EQUIPMENT RELATING TO MARPOL CONVENTION, SUCH AS CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR OILY WATER SEPARATOR, 15PPM ALARM, OIL DISCHARGE MONITORING SYSTEM (ODM) AND INERT GAS SYSTEM.(5)如船員是由不國(guó)籍的人員組長(zhǎng)的,應(yīng)建立一套利于通話的程序.IN CASE OF A CREW CO