1、2020 屆河北衡水高三英語復習講義（一）高考語法情態動詞考點全角度復習一、情態動詞概述情態動詞是說話者對某一行為的情緒，態度或語氣，有一定的詞義及功能。簡單地來說，就是需要表達情感，態度時會用到情態動詞。情態動詞后接動詞原形一起構成謂語動詞，無人稱和數的變化，可作助動詞。主要有以下的情態動詞:can、could、may、might、must、ought to 、should、shall、will、would、dare、need.二、基本用法及功能1must1) 表示義務，勸告,側重主觀看法:“必須”；否定形式為 need nt (不需要)-Must I/he/you ？-Yes, you m

2、ust .(No, you neednt/dont have to)have/has (got) to 側重客觀上的得不/得/必須”had to / will have to否定形式意為:“不必”2）表示推測:“一定必定”，否定形式 Cant （不可能）must do 一定.must be doingmust have done （）過定做過.The light is still on, so he must be at home.It must have rainedlast night.3）表示禁止，不允許:“不應該”，只有否定形式 st nt,相當于 cant./ dont .表示禁止，

3、不允許；肯定形式為 can/may（“可以”表允許）You must nt smokein the office.4）表示堅持:“偏要,硬要”If you must go , at least wait till the rain stops.2can/ could1）表示能力:，會能” =（主語有生命）be able to can ;反義為 dn t （, 不不能會）is/am/are able to =can was/ were able to =could 一定 （正） 做will be able tohas/have bee n able to(be able to.可以有不同時態，前

4、可用情態動詞，但不可與 can/ could 連用；當表示成功地完成某一具體動作時，不用could 而用 was/were able to來表示。這時相當于 man aged to do.，表示經過一番努力，終于能夠完成某事。2）表示推測:否定形式表示“不可能”can t/could nt do.can t/could nt be doin g.can t/could nt have don e.She can t beat home.It is impossible that she is at home.在疑問句中表示“可能” Can/ Could.可能嗎？”在肯定句中表示“理論上的可能，

5、不說明實際真會發生”.Anyone can make mistakes.3）表示惋惜:“（）過去以”could have done I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way.4）表示請求，許可,允許:“可以”can 二二 maycould = might否定形式 “不可以”表示允許與不允許:can/ may（ca nt 二二 must nt語氣較強 /may not）was/were able to(be able to.可以有不同時態，前可用情態動詞，但不可與 can/ could 連用；當表示成功地請求別人許可-Can/

6、Could/ May/ Might I=Cant/ Could nt I-Yes, you can/may.（No, you can t/must-Yes, please. / Certainly. / Sure. / Yes, of certainly.Please don t. / You d better not. / No, I m afraid not表示請求:-Can/Could=Will/ Would/ Wont/ Would nt you請你做好嗎-With pleasure. / Yes, I can （ 不能用 could）5）表示不理解:How can you6) can

7、t be too/比較級 “無論也不過分”cant help doing=cant help but do“禁不cant choose but do=c ant but do只能;只好”may/ might1）表請求,許可:“可以”=can/cou(見 can 部分)2)表推測:“可 i 也許”否定形式 may/ might not “可能不”may(might) do / have done / be doing She may not be at home.=It is possible that she is not at home.3) may(might) as well do=ha

8、d better do“不妨做; 最好”4) so that(in order that) may/might/can/ could4should/ ought to1) 表義務，責任，建議:“應該” must ought to should had better You should / ought towork hard.He suggested that they should leave at on ce.should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止Children shouldn smoke.2) 表推測:“按理說估計會,理當”1）表請求,許可:“可以”=can/cou(見

9、can 部分)They should be home by now.3）表驚奇，意外：“竟然”4)表責備后悔:should/ ought to (not) have doneYou ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to (shouldnt) have saidsuch words to your parents.5will/ would1) 表請求:“請做.好嗎？”Will/ Would/ Wont/ Would nt you (do.)?Dont watch TV, will/would you ?2) 表意愿決心:=

10、be willing toI will do anything for you.I will tell you all about it.Tom wont do such a thing.If you will listen to me, I will give you some advice.3) 主語是無生命的名詞+ wont “就是不，不起作用”有拒絕之意The door won t open .4) 表自然屬性，規律性，習慣性，傾向性:“會”Fish will die without water.Oil will float on the water.He will sit for h

11、ours without doing anything.（不）該做過去本5) would like to do=want to do would like sb to do sth=want sb to doshould/ would like to have do ne“本來想做而未做”6) would/ used to 比較“過去常常”will 表示不受時間限制的習慣性動作；would 側重敘事過去習慣性的動作不涉及與現在情況 的對比；used to 強調對比，這種習慣現在已不存在。He would walk by the river in the morning.He used to g

12、et up early. He used to be late for school.6shall1) 表征詢對方意見:“.好嗎用?y”u.Shall I / he/ they表示征求對方意見No, you (she, he) n eed nt/ cant/ must ntShall we ?表示建議 二二 Lets Lets shall we ?Let uswi|l/w ont you ?2) 表說話人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、強制”和“允許”等意思“應該”,否定式 ntYou shall have the book as soon as I finish it.We shall do a

13、s our teacher says.7n eed/ n eed nt1）表義務,建議（一般用于否定與疑問句中）-Need I .？-Yes, you must . （No, you neednt .）-Need you go now?-Yes, I must. /No, I need ntneed nt do .“ 不需要做”2）neednt have done “本不需要做”You n eed nt have walked so quickly since time was eno ugh.3）need 可作實義動詞，有各種時態.I need to think it over.dont/ does nt/ did nt need （to do） sth“不需要做”主語（人）n eed sth/ n eed to do sth主語（物）n e