1、“有限元分析及應(yīng)用”課程有限元分析軟件ANSYS6.xed上 機(jī) 指 南清華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程系2002年9月說 明 本有限元分析軟件ANSYS6.1ed:上機(jī)指南由清華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程系石偉老師組織編寫，由助教博士生孔勁執(zhí)筆, 于2002年9月完成，基本操作指南中的所有算例都在相應(yīng)的軟件系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行了實(shí)際調(diào)試和通過。 本上機(jī)指南的版權(quán)歸清華大學(xué)機(jī)械工程系所有，未經(jīng)同意，任何單位和個(gè)人不得翻印。 目 錄Project1 簡(jiǎn)支梁的變形分析.1Project2 壩體的有限元建模與受力分析.3Project3 受內(nèi)壓作用的球體的應(yīng)力與變形分析.5Project4 受熱載荷作用的厚壁圓筒的有限元建模與溫度場(chǎng)求解.

2、7Project5 超靜定桁架的有限元求解.9Project6 超靜定梁的有限元求解.11Project7 平板的有限元建模與變形分析 13Project1 梁的有限元建模與變形分析計(jì)算分析模型如圖1-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: beam。NOTE:要求選擇不同形狀的截面分別進(jìn)行計(jì)算。圖1-1梁的計(jì)算分析模型梁截面分別采用以下三種截面（單位：m）： 矩形截面： 圓截面： 工字形截面：B=0.1, H=0.15 R=0.1 w1=0.1，w2=0.1，w3=0.2, t1=0.0114，t2=0.0114，t3=0.0071.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive

3、change the working directory into yours input Initial jobname: beamRun1.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Structural OK1.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Beam 2 node 188 OK (back to Element Types window) Close (the Element Type window)1.4定義材料參數(shù)ANS

4、YS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 OK1.5定義截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Sections Beam Common Sectns 分別定義矩形截面、圓截面和工字形截面：矩形截面:ID=1,B=0.1，H=0.15 Apply 圓截面：ID=2,R=0.1 Apply 工字形截面：ID=3,w1=0.1，w2=0.1，w3=0.2，t1=0.0114，t2

5、=0.0114，t3=0.007 OK 1.6生成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn) ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入三個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(0,0),2(10,0),3(5,1) OKü 生成梁ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines lines Straight lines 連接兩個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，1(0,0),2(10,0) OK1.7 網(wǎng)格劃分 ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor M

6、eshing Mesh Attributes Picked lines OK 選擇: SECT:1（根據(jù)所計(jì)算的梁的截面選擇編號(hào)）；Pick Orientation Keypoint(s):YES拾取：3#特征點(diǎn)(5,1) OKMesh Tool Size Controls) lines: Set Pick All(in Picking Menu) input NDIV:5 OK (back to Mesh Tool window) Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close (the Mesh Tool window)1.8 模型施加約束ü 最左端節(jié)

7、點(diǎn)加約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Nodes pick the node at (0,0) OK select UX, UY,UZ,ROTX OKü 最右端節(jié)點(diǎn)加約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Nodes pick the node at (10,0) OK select UY,UZ,ROTX OKü 施加y方向的載荷ANSYS Main Me

8、nu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Beams Pick All VALI:100000 OK1.9 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) OK1.10 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape select Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot R

9、esults window) Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, UY, Def + Undeformed , Rotation, ROTZ ,Def + UndeformedOK1.11 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save EverythingOKProject2 壩體的有限元建模與應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析計(jì)算分析模型如圖2-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: dam。圖21 壩體的計(jì)算分析模型2.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the working dire

10、ctory into yours input Initial jobname: damRun2.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Structural OK2.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Solid Quad 4node 42 OK (back to Element Types window) Options select K3: Plane Strain OKClose (the Element Type windo

11、w)2.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 OK2.5生成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入四個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(0,0),2(10,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5) OKü 生成壩體截面ANSYS Main

12、 Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Arbitrary Through KPS 依次連接四個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，1(0,0),2(10,0),3(1,5),4(0.45,5) OK2.6 網(wǎng)格劃分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool(Size Controls) lines: Set 依次拾取兩條橫邊:OKinput NDIV: 15 Apply依次拾取兩條縱邊:OK input NDIV: 20 OK (back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape:

13、 Quad, Mapped Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close( the Mesh Tool window)2.7 模型施加約束ü 分別給下底邊和豎直的縱邊施加x和y方向的約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On lines pick the lines OK select Lab2:UX, UY OKü 給斜邊施加x方向的分布載荷ANSYS 命令菜單欄: Parameters Functions Define/Edit 1) 在

14、下方的下拉列表框內(nèi)選擇x ,作為設(shè)置的變量；2) 在Result窗口中出現(xiàn)X,寫入所施加的載荷函數(shù)：1000*X； 3) File>Save(文件擴(kuò)展名：func) 返回：Parameters Functions Read from file：將需要的.func文件打開，任給一個(gè)參數(shù)名，它表示隨之將施加的載荷OK ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Lines 拾取斜邊；OK 在下拉列表框中，選擇：Existing table OK 選擇需要的載荷參數(shù)名OK2.8 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS M

15、ain Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) OK2.9 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape select Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot Results window)Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, UX,UY, Def + Undeformed , Stress ,SX,SY,S

16、Z, Def + UndeformedOK2.10 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save EverythingOKProject3 受內(nèi)壓作用的球體的有限元建模與分析計(jì)算分析模型如圖3-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: sphere。 圖3-1受均勻內(nèi)壓的球體計(jì)算分析模型（截面圖）3.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the working directory into yours input Initial jobname: sphereRun3.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Prefe

17、rences select Structural OK3.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Solid Quad 4node 42 OK (back to Element Types window) Options select K3: Axisymmetric OKClose (the Element Type window)3.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Struct

18、ural Linear Elastic Isotropic input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 OK3.5生成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入四個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(0.3,0),2(0.5,0),3(0,0.5),4(0,0.3) OKü 生成球體截面ANSYS 命令菜單欄: Work Plane>Change Active CS to>Global Spherical ANSYS Main Menu:

19、Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines In Active Coord 依次連接1,2,3,4點(diǎn)OK Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Arbitrary By Lines 依次拾取四條邊OK ANSYS 命令菜單欄: Work Plane>Change Active CS to>Global Cartesian3.6 網(wǎng)格劃分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool(Size Controls) lines: Set 拾取兩條直邊:OKinput NDIV: 1

20、0 Apply拾取兩條曲邊:OK input NDIV: 20 OK (back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape: Quad, Mapped Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close( the Mesh Tool window)3.7 模型施加約束ü 給水平直邊施加約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Lines 拾取水平邊：Lab2: UY OK， ü 給豎直邊施加約束ANSY

21、S Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement Symmetry B.C. On Lines 拾取豎直邊 OKü 給內(nèi)弧施加徑向的分布載荷ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Lines 拾取小圓弧；OK input VALUE:100e6 OK 3.8 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current

22、 Load Step window) OK3.9 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape select Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot Results window) Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, UX,UY, Def + Undeformed , Stress ,SX,SY,SZ,Def + UndeformedOK3.10 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save

23、 EverythingOKProject4 受熱載荷作用的厚壁圓筒的有限元建模與溫度場(chǎng)求解計(jì)算分析模型如圖4-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: cylinder。 圖4-1受熱載荷作用的厚壁圓筒的計(jì)算分析模型（截面圖）4.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the working directory into yours input Initial jobname: cylinder Run4.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Thermal OK4.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu:

24、Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Thermal Solid Quad 4node 55 OK (back to Element Types window) Options select K3: Axisymmetric OKClose (the Element Type window)4.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Thermal Conductivity Isotropic input KXX:7.5 OK4.5生

25、成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入四個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(0.3,0),2(0.5,0),3(0.5,1),4(0.3,1) OKü 生成圓柱體截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Arbitrary Through KPS 依次連接四個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，1(0.3,0),2(0.5,0),3(0.5,1),4(0.3,1) OK4.6 網(wǎng)格劃分ANSYS Main Menu

26、: Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool(Size Controls) lines: Set 拾取兩條水平邊:OKinput NDIV: 5 Apply拾取兩條豎直邊:OK input NDIV: 15 OK (back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: Areas, Shape: Quad, Mapped Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close( the Mesh Tool window)4.7 模型施加約束ü 分別給兩條直邊施加約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define

27、 Loads Apply Thermal Temperature On Lines 拾取左邊, Value: 500 Apply(back to the window of apply temp on lines) 拾取右邊，Value：100 OK 4.8 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) OK4.9 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape s

28、elect Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot Results window)Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, Temperature TEMP OK4.10 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save EverythingOKProject5 超靜定桁架的有限元建模與分析計(jì)算分析模型如圖5-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: truss。 圖51 超靜定桁架的計(jì)算分析模型5.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the worki

29、ng directory into yours input Initial jobname: trussRun5.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Structural OK5.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Link 2D spar 1 OK (back to Element Types window) Options select K3: Plane Strain OKClose (the Element Type w

30、indow)5.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 OK5.5定義實(shí)常數(shù) ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Real Constants Add select Type 1 OKinput AREA:0.25 OK Close (the Real Constants Window)5.6生成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn)ANSYS Main Me

31、nu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入四個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(1,1),2(2,1),3(3,1),4(2,0) OKü 生成桁架ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines Lines Straight Line 依次連接四個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，1(1,1),2(2,1),3(3,1),4(2,0) OK5.7 網(wǎng)格劃分ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool(Size Controls) lin

32、es: Set 依次拾取三根桿:OKinput NDIV: 1 OK (back to the mesh tool window)Mesh: lines Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close( the Mesh Tool window)5.8 模型施加約束ü 分別給1,2,3三個(gè)特征點(diǎn)施加x和y方向的約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Keypoints 拾取1(1,1),2(2,1),3(3,1)三個(gè)特征點(diǎn) OK select Lab

33、2:UX, UY OKü 給4#特征點(diǎn)施加y方向載荷ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Force/Moment On Keypoints 拾取特征點(diǎn)4(2,0) OK Lab: FY, Value: -100e6 OK5.9 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) OK5.10 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc P

34、lot Results Deformed Shape select Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot Results window) Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, UY, Def + Undeformed OK5.11 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save EverythingOKProject6 超靜定梁的有限元建模計(jì)算計(jì)算分析模型如圖6-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: statically indeterminate beam 圖61 超靜定梁的計(jì)算分析模型6

35、.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the working directory into yours input Initial jobname: statically indeterminate beamRun6.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Structural OK6.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Beam tapered 44 OK(back to Elem

36、ent Types window) Close (the Element Type window)6.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Material Props Material Models Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic input EX:2.1e11, PRXY:0.3 OK6.5定義截面ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Sections Beam Common Sectns 定義矩形截面:ID=1,B=0.01,H=0.1 OK 6.6生成幾何模型ü 生成特征點(diǎn) AN

37、SYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS 依次輸入三個(gè)點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)：input:1(0,0),2(1,0),3(2,0),4(0,0,1) OKü 生成梁ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines lines Straight lines 依次連接三個(gè)特征點(diǎn)，1(0,0), 2(1,0),3(2,0) OKü 顯示梁體ANSYS命令菜單欄：PlotCtrls >Style >Size and Style /ESHAP

38、E On OK6.7 網(wǎng)格劃分 ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Attributes Picked lines OK 拾取: SECT:1；Pick Orientation Keypoint(s):YES拾取：4#特征點(diǎn)(0,0,1) OKMesh Tool (Size Controls) lines: Set Pick All(in Picking Menu) input NDIV:8 OK (back to Mesh Tool window) Mesh Pick All (in Picking Menu) Close (the Mesh

39、 Tool window)6.8 模型施加約束ü 分別給1,2,3三個(gè)特征點(diǎn)加約束ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On Keypoints 拾取1,2,3 keypoints OK select All DOF OKü 施加y方向的載荷ANSYS Main Menu: Solution Define Loads Apply Structural Pressure On Beams Pick All LKEY:2,VALI:100000 OK6.9 分析計(jì)算 ANSYS

40、Main Menu: Solution Solve Current LS OK(to close the solve Current Load Step window) OK6.10 結(jié)果顯示 ANSYS Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape select Def + Undeformed OK (back to Plot Results window) Contour Plot Nodal Solu select: DOF solution, UY, Def + Undeformed , Rotation, ROTZ

41、,Def + UndeformedOK6.11 退出系統(tǒng) ANSYS Utility Menu: File Exit Save EverythingOKProject7 平板的有限元建模與變形分析計(jì)算分析模型如圖7-1 所示, 習(xí)題文件名: plane 圖71 受均布載荷作用的平板計(jì)算分析模型7.1 進(jìn)入ANSYS程序 ANSYSED 6.1 Interactive change the working directory into yours input Initial jobname: planeRun7.2設(shè)置計(jì)算類型 ANSYS Main Menu: Preferences select Structural OK7.3選擇單元類型ANSYS Main Menu: Preprocessor Element TypeAdd/Edit/Delete Add select Solid Quad 4node 42 OK (back to Element Types window) Options select K3: Plane stress w/thk OKClose (the Element Type window)7.4定義材料參數(shù)ANSYS Main Menu: Pre