1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語語法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞用法：1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用。I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。)2) 詢問別人是否

2、做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I

3、have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)He has gone to London.(人還在那里)5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my p

4、en.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑問句What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)。注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用。錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.對：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from Beijing for 3 days.知識(shí)提升：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.構(gòu)成：have / has + 過去分詞2.功能：(

5、1)表示過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet, just, before, recently, lately(最近), ever, never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。. He hasn't seen her lately. . I haven't finished the book yet.(2) 表示一個(gè)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：so far(迄今為止), up till now(直到現(xiàn)在), since, for a long time(很長時(shí)間), up to present(直到現(xiàn)在), in

6、 the past / in the last few years(在過去的幾年里), these days(目前). He has worked here for 15 years. . I have studied English since I came here. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.(3)某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(即：動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞)，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語

7、搭配。黃金要點(diǎn)：I. 常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞：die, arrive(到達(dá)), join(加入), leave(離開), go, refuse(拒 絕), fail(失敗), finish, buy, marry, divorce(離婚), awake(醒), buy, borrow, lend . (背三遍!)II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。. She has gone away for a month.(誤). She has been away for a month (正)

8、. The man has died for two years.(誤). The man has been dead for two years.(正). How long have youbought the book?(誤). How long have you got the book.(正)(4)注意 since的用法：. They haven't had any trouble since they came here. It has been ten years since we met last time. He has been here since 1980. He

9、 has been here since ten years ago.幾組對比：. He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。. He has been to Shanghai. 他去過上海。. She has gone. 她已走了。 . She is gone. 她缺席了。(或者她死了。). The door has been closed. 門關(guān)上了。(動(dòng)作). The door is closed. 門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))測試精編1. The prices _ going up all the time in the past few years.A. keep B.

10、 kept C. have kept D. are keeping2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area.A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been3. Today is Jane's wedding day. She _ John.A. have just married with B. was just married toC. has just been married to D. just has been married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages.A. hadn't B. haven't C. haven't had D. hadn't had5. No