1、大學英語四級閱讀理解命題規律應試技巧大學英語四六級考試閱讀理解部分是眾多考生最為擔心的部分。此部分得分高低，對整個考試的成功與否起著決定性作用。閱讀理解不僅考查學生的詞匯量、語法知識、閱讀速度等基本功，而且還考查學生判斷、推理、歸納、總結等綜合能力。閱讀理解題雖說對考生要求較高，但我們在深入研究歷屆四六級閱讀理解真題后發現，閱讀理解的命題考點和測試題型均有一定的內在規律。考生只要基本功尚可，然后掌握了這些規律，其應試技巧必將大大提高，從而在眾多強手中脫穎而出。命題考點規律及其對應題型分析研究英語四六級考試閱讀理解歷屆考題，可以發現命題者命制的考點是有一定規律的，且考點規律常與某種題型(主旨題、

2、細節題、邏輯題、觀點態度題、詞義題)相對應。如果考生掌握了這些規律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時，敏銳地捕捉到考點并能預測可能會出的題型。考生此時應用筆在這些可能會出題的考點輕輕劃上記號，等看完短文開始做題時，針對題干的提問，迅速找到做記號的考點，再仔細分析、答題。這樣，考生就能節省不少時間，從而避免開始做題時又要通閱全文盲目找考點。下面，我們結合歷屆四六級真題和大學英語四六級考試90分突破閱讀與簡答分冊(王長喜主編，學苑出版社，以下簡稱分冊)，將這些考點規律及對應題型歸納如下：1、列舉處常考列舉處指的是First,，second,，Third,等逐步列出，然后要求考生從列舉出的內容中，選出符合

3、題干要求的答案項。該考點常出題型是細節事實題。例1. At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: firstly, as members of a police force they always have to be have absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They

4、can hardly do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.Q: Whats the policemans biggest headache?(A) He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.(B) He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most case

5、s.(C) He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal cases.(D) He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possibleexpense.(分析：選A。屬事實細節題。依據文章，與電影中的警察很不相同的是，現實中警察既要絕對遵守法(firstly,),又要及時破案(secondly,),這令他們很難兩頭兼顧，有時只有犯規。很明顯，B、C、D三項都與文章內容不符。)

6、在做此類細節事實題時，只要把細節考點(firstly,secondly)找到，對照選項內容，跟細節事實不一致的就不是選項。考生只需細心一點都能辨清細節事實，選對答案。例2.I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves . Second，we mast investigate and understand the l

7、ink between environment and health. Third，we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade，maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend

8、 pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on barrages.Q: which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?(A)Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.(B)More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.(C)Ordinary citizens have no

9、access to technical information on pollution.(D)Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.(分析：選A。屬事實細節題。專生只要看懂了文章內容三個方面，很容易排除掉B、C、D三項。)2、舉例子打比喻的地方常考 為了使自己的觀點更有說服力、更加明確，作者經常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, suchas, for example, forinstance等引導的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或

10、段落中心緊密相關的，常以細節事實性題型和推斷性題型出現，但偏傾于推斷性題型。Ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain jute as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.Q：Today, computers a

11、re still inferior to man in terms of _ .(A) decision making (B)drives and feelings(見分冊P145頁)(C) growth of reasoning (D)information absorption(分析：選B項。這屬辯認細節事實題，依據文章我們知道計算機缺少人類所具有的動機和情感：computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于動機可以被編入計算機程序，那是今后的事，就目前而言計算機在動機和情感方面不如人類。選項B符合題意。考生只要注意

12、到for one thing后面一句話，即可選出。)例2. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquainting with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as reader, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of

13、 the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.Q: The passage is most like a part of。(A)a news article (B) a journalistic interview(C) a research report (D) a preface(分析：選D項。這屬判斷、推理題。考生在了解全文梗概之后，要正確地對文章的內容作出判斷，考生關鍵要看

14、懂文章最后一句話：as this book indicates。由此便推斷正確的答案是D項。)例3.In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programs are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can con

15、tinue.Q：Which of the following statements does the writer support?(A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.(B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.(C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.(D) Greater safety provisions

16、can bring about the expansion of nuclear every programmes.(分析：選A項，屬推理題，依據文中such an expansion assumes. However,便可推斷出A項正確。)3、引用人物論斷處常考作者為了正確表達出自己觀點或使論點更有依據，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發現等。命題者常在此作文章。多以推理性題為主，有時也出細節事實性題型。例1.There is a senseless notion that children grew up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth

17、is far from that,says sociologist Larry Bumpers of the University of Wisconsin.Q: There was apparently a trend in the USA _ .(A) for young adults to leave their parents and live independently.(B) For middle class young adults to stay with their parents.(C) For married young adults to move back home

18、after a lengthy absence.(D) For going adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents.(分析：選A項。屬推理題。作者引用的這句話意思是：孩子長到18歲時應離開父母去獨立生活的概念是沒有道理的，而事實情況也并非如此。而題干問：過去在美國顯然有一種什么趨勢。考生通過細心推斷引文，便能選中A項：年輕的成年人應該離開父母而去獨立生活。)例2.People cheat on their sleep, and they dont even realize theyre doing it,” s

19、ays Dr. David.” They think theyre okay because they can get by on 6.5 howler, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally rigorous.(見分冊P12頁例3)Q: According to Dr. David, Americans _ .(A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life.(B) Often neglect the consequences of sleep

20、 deficit.(C) Do not know how to relax themselves properly.(D) Can get by on 6.5 hoarse of sleep.(分析：選B項。屬于歸納事實細節題。Dr.David所說的話，描述的是一種事實現象，即美國人睡眠不足而誤認為這不是什么大的事，還自我感覺良好。從事實中我們可以看出美國人經常忽視睡眠不足的后果，即B項的內容。)例3. By the millions they are coming-no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a

21、 better living. These are the wealthy. We dont have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil. As she walks with two companions through New York Citys South Street, We just use our credit cards.Q：From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourist like her _ .(A) Are reluctant to carry cash w

22、ith them.(B) Simply dont care how much they spend.(C) Are not good at planning their expenditure.(D) Often spend more money that they can afford.(分析：選B項。屬判斷推理題。文章講成千上萬涌進美國的富有者與那個巴西生物學家一樣，他們在購物時只管刷卡?quot;just use our credit cards.)而根本不做預算(dont have a budget),可推斷出他們這類人是根本不管花多少錢的。即B項內容。)4、轉折處與強對比處常考一般而

23、言，轉折后的內容常常是語義的重點，命題者常對轉折處的內容進行提問。轉折一般通過however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語來引導。強對比常由unlike, until, not so muchas等詞或短語引導。命題者常對用來對比的雙方屬性進行考查。此類考點常出現在邏輯推理型題中，少數出現于其它題型中。例1. Some observers say the fault is with the young people. But that s a condemnation of the students as a whole. Others blame the state of

24、the worldBut disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.(見分冊P148頁例4).Q：According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that_ .(A) Society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained colleg

25、e graduates.(B) High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.(C) Too many students have to earn their own living.(D) College administrators encourage students to drop out.(分析：選A項。考生閱讀文章時，應注意到文中有兩個but的轉折，特別是段末一轉折句意即：但失望的畢業生了解到社會再也不能吸收大量的23歲的訓練有素的大學生。這一轉折后的內容正好是解答題干問題的依據，我們從這句話可以推

26、斷出大學考試之所以出了問題部分源于一個事實，即A項：社會不能為訓練有素的大學生提供足夠工作。此屬邏輯推理題。)例2Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commits suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding.(見分冊P161頁例2)Q：It can be conduced from the passage that _.(分析：這道題屬邏輯推理題，命題者利用unlike進行強烈對比，要求考生推斷出正確結

27、論。具體分析見分冊P165頁例2答案。)例3 Beauty has always been regard as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attentive defendants(被告)。But in the executive circle, beauty can be

28、come a liability.Q：The author writes this passage to _ .(A) Discuss the negative aspects of being attractive.(B) Give advice to job-seekers who areattractive.(C) Demand equal rights for women.(D) Emphasize the importance of appearance.(分析：選A項。屬主旨大意類題型。前面都是講美給人帶來的種種好處，用but突然進行轉折，考生即可推測出下面要講美給人帶來的不利方面

29、了。)例4. The sensation of sound involves a verity of factors in addition to its peak level.In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large rage. However, sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak level.Q: Commercials create the sensate at the highest sound level.(A)TV

30、stations always operate at the highest sound level.(B)Their sound levels are kept around peak level.(C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency rages.(D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range.(分析：選B項，該題屬闡述說明主旨大意的事實細節題。用however作轉折，指出商業節目的音量是保持或接近峰值(peakle

31、vels)。命題者給出的B答案中，只是對however后原句進行了詞語和句型的轉換，詳析見分冊P16頁例8答案。)5、復雜句常考 復雜句常是命題者出題之處，包括同位語、插入語、定語、長句后半句，從句、不定式、副詞等，命題者主要考查考生對句子之間指代關系。文章段落之間關系的理解，常以邏輯推理題型出現，包括少量其它題型。例1. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of

32、 in formation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliableQ：The word it most probably refers to _ .(A) the lack of stable communities.(B) The breakdown of informal information channels.(C) The increased mobility of familie

33、s(D) The growing number of people moving from place to place.(分析：選B項，本題屬句際關系推理題型，要善于分析句子結構，As引導的前半部分是狀語從句，主句是the informal flow of information is cut off，with引導的短語表伴隨。詳析見分冊P110頁例1答案。)例2. The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by his package size to lower the quantity delivered c

34、an, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-iybcem, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake, mixes, etc.Q：The word undue means _ 。(A) improper (B)unexpected (C)adequate (D) excessive(分析：選D項，這屬詞匯題型，但需要分析句子結構和上下文邏輯。該句看似復雜，但結

35、構容易分析，主語the manufacturer,謂語can put,賓語his product, who引導定語從句，that此引導定語從句，without undue hardship介詞組作插入部分。句子結構分析好，全句意思就易弄懂，制造商改變包裝大小或樣式不需要過多的艱辛努力，故選D。)例3All this will lead to a population in the twenty first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious to see world populat

36、ion brang by under ventral the news is encouraging.Q:The population in the 21st century, arousing to the writer,_.(A) will be smaller than a few gears ago.(B) will not be as small as people expect.(C) will prove to be a threat to the world.(D) will not constitute as serious a problem as expected.(分析

37、：選D項。屬邏輯推理型題。考生關鍵要理解that引導的定語從句意思，然后聯系下句，便知D項是正確選項。)6、因果句常考命題者常以文中因果句命制一些考查文中兩個事件內在的因果關系的試題，或出些概括文意、段意試題。一般以推理性題型和主旨大意題型出現，兼顧少量其它題型。表示因果關系的詞有：because, since, for，as,therefore, consequently, result in, originate from等。例1. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would resu

38、lt if the public found out that their computer had been misused . They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in opera court of howQ：The passage is mainly about_ .(A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection.(B) Why computer criminals are often able to escape puni

39、shment.(C) How computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers.(D) Why computer crimes can t be eliminated.(分析：選D項。屬主旨大意型。文章前幾段說到了利用計算機犯罪的人即使被抓，不僅不受懲罰，而且還會得到以前老板充滿熱情的推薦信。這是什么原因呢(why?)Because作了回答。這也就是全文要告訴讀者的關于計算機犯罪清除不了的原因，故選D。)例2Certainly it (telephone) has extended

40、 the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates(傳播)the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice(惡意)of the malicious.Q:The author describes the telephone as impartial because it_.(A) saves lives of people in rem

41、ote places.(B) Enables people to live alone if they want to.(C) Spreads both love and ill will(D) Replaces much written communication.(分析：選C項。屬邏輯推理型題。Since引導的從句表明電話不偏不倚地傳播著科學家的真言，無知者的廢話，仁者之愛心，惡者之惡意。因此，從這句話我們可以推斷出電話spreads both love and ill will故選C)。例3The primary reason why it was revolutionary is th

42、at it led to great social changeQ：According to the author, the introduction of the composer is a revolution mainly because .(A) the computer has revolutionized the working of the human mind.(B) The computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before.(C) It has helped to switch to an i

43、nformation technology.(D) It has a great potential impact on society.(分析：選D項。屬邏輯推理型題。原段首句就交待了沒有什么技術發展比計算機革命對我們生活產生的影響要大。然后指出工業革命之所以是一切革命在于它導致了巨大的社會變化。由此可以推斷，計算機的誕生之所以是一場革命主要是D項：it has a great potential impact on society.)7、特殊標點符號后內容常考由于特殊標點符號后內容是對前面內容的進一步解釋和說明，因此命題者常以標點符號后的內容進行提問。具體說，特殊標點符號包括： (1)破折

44、號(表解釋);(2)括號(表解釋);(3)冒號(表解釋);(4)引號(表引用)。題型一般有推理題，主旨大意題，細節事實題等。例1. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses there may be a sort of trefoil jam of words caused by interruption, false, and unpredictabl

45、e pauses.Q：To keep a conversation flowing smoothing, it is better for the participants _ .(A) out to wear dark spectacles (B) not to make any interruptions(C) not to glance away (D) not to make unpredictable pauses.(分析：選A。屬辨認細節事實題型，冒號前一句話意思是當兩個說話者戴墨鏡進行交談時，談話的流利性就會受影響。冒號后一句話進一步解釋了會有哪些影響，即會有一些停頓或錯誤表達，

46、或隨便插話。答案B、D項是結果，不是條件，C項短文沒提，故選A。)例2.She adds:Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出)their visibility. Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their w

47、ay into the spotlight. Q：The best title for this passage would be _ .(A) pole of women and Minorities in Management(B) The Importance of Being Visible (C)Job Performance and Advancement (D) Sex and Career Success(分析：選B項，屬主旨大意題型。冒號前面的內容講的是女人和黑人常因自己的膚色和性別而畏首畏腳，不愿張揚自己，這樣很難得到老板提拔。冒號后內容即建議他們要象白人一樣善于突出自己并

48、引人注意。此即全篇文章主旨，故選B項。)例3.Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Lab our is simply another factor of production to be hired - rented at the lowest possible

49、 cost - much as one buys raw materials or equipment.Q：Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?(A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.(B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.(C) They attach more i

50、mportance to workers than equipment.(D) They only hired skilled workers because of keep competition.(分析：選B項，屬歸納事實細節題。文章主要意思講美國大公司忽視人力資源管理。帶破折號的句子是進一步解釋，闡述這一主旨，強調勞動力僅被視為生產的最廉價因素-就象去買原料或裝置一樣。我們由此歸納，總結出美國公司把員工技能的培養看作員工自己的事。例4：Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-Combustion engines,

51、 could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhorns emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less of polluting types of gasoline).Q：Which of the following statements

52、 is TRUE according to the passage?(A)The decline of public transportation accounts for increased(B)cars are popular in western Europe even though fuel prices(C)The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option(D)Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new-type

53、fuels.(分析選B項屬推理題。此題雖需通閱全文才能做出。但命題者針對小括號內內容出了一干擾項D項。D項內容與文中小括號內容是有出入的，故錯。)注：至引號處的考點，前面引用處常考一項已分析過。8、段首，段尾句常考在短文中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表達處;有時某一段的段首，段尾句是該段的主題句。因此，命題者常在這些地方出題。題型基本上屬主旨大意型。例1.The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has conviced many of the worlds great writers. Before consid

54、ering this question,Q： The passage is probably intended to answer the question _ .(A) Is war inevitable?(B) why is there conflict and competition?(C) Is conflict desirable?(D) Can competition lead to conflict?(分析：選A。屬段首主旨大意型。文章開頭一句話即點明了文章中心思想，下面內容均圍繞這一思想展開的。)例2.They think that if you work hard,She a

55、dds, Most women and blacksbecause of their sex or color that play down (使不突出)their visibility. Her advice to those folk. Learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.Q：The best title for this passage would be_ .(A) Role of women and Minorities in Management.(B) The Importance of Being Visible(C) Job Performance and Advancement(D) Sex and Career Success.(分析：選B項，屬段尾主旨大意型。文章開頭就指出女人和黑人加入管理階層之后，出現了一些