1、遼 寧 科 技 學(xué) 院（2009 屆）本科畢業(yè)論文題目：On Humanism of Renaissance in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer and Its Enlightenment論喬叟的坎特伯雷故事中文藝復(fù)興的人文主義及其對我們的啟示專題：專 業(yè)：班 級：姓 名：xy2009001學(xué) 號：指導(dǎo)教師：論文共 23 頁，其中：專題 頁，譯文 頁On Humanism of Renaissance in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer and Its EnlightenmentAbstractGeoffrey Chaucer

2、 (13431400) is regarded as the father of English poetry. His works presented us an array of characters from all aspects of life and a panoramic view of the English society at that time. In his writings, Chaucer affirms mans right to earthly happiness. His unfinished frame narrative worksThe Canterbu

3、ry Tales is often regarded as the representative of Chaucers humanism.In order to research humanism of renaissance in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer and its enlightenment to us, the writer will illustrate the enlightenment through analyze the humanism embodied in this book. The writer will expound

4、the enlightenment with the concept of scientific development and the modern management. The thesis consists of the following five parts: The introduction advocates a general idea of background information and the social significance of The Canterbury Tales so readers can understand the basic informa

5、tion of this thesis. The second part deals with the definition, the source of the Renaissance and humanism and the rise of the humanism so readers may have certain cogitation of the terms. The third part makes a specific analysis of some tales in The Canterbury Tales as a case of proving Chaucers hu

6、manism that readers can have certain degree understanding of humanism. The fourth part discusses the enlightenment to us that is people-oriented idea, as well as its important role in modern management, which readers can understand the active role of people-oriented idea in China. The conclusion poi

7、nts out that humanism have an impact on literature and human beings life. Furthermore, Chaucers humanism of life has a profound influence on modern management. It can conduct our society to develop smoothly. Key words: humanism, people-oriented, the concept of scientific development, modern manageme

8、nt論喬叟的坎特伯雷故事中文藝復(fù)興的人文主義及其對我們的啟示摘要杰弗雷喬叟被認(rèn)為是英國文學(xué)之父。他的作品給我們展示了他所處的那個(gè)時(shí)代的英國社會各個(gè)方面的全景畫面。他被視為人文主義的信使。在他的作品中，他肯定人們追求俗世快樂的權(quán)利。他的未完成的敘述框架詩集坎特伯雷故事使他生活在人們的記憶中。坎特伯雷故事往往被認(rèn)為最能夠代表喬叟的人文主義精神的著作。為了研究文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人文主義在坎特伯雷故事中的體現(xiàn)及其對我們的啟示，本論文將通過分析人文主義在本書中的體現(xiàn)來闡釋人文主義對我們的啟示。很多歷史學(xué)家證明人文主義是一種可以推動社會進(jìn)步的先進(jìn)思想。本論文將從科學(xué)發(fā)展觀和現(xiàn)代管理這兩個(gè)方面來闡釋人文主義對我

9、們的啟示。本文由以下五部分組成：前言部分簡要介紹了研究的背景信息,坎特伯雷故事的重要社會地位，使讀者對本論文的基本信息有所了解。第二部分論述了 “文藝復(fù)興的人文主義” 的定義以及人文主義的產(chǎn)生，從而使讀者對文藝復(fù)興和人文主義這兩個(gè)名詞有一定的認(rèn)識。第三部分通過具體分析坎特伯雷故事中的幾個(gè)故事，使讀者對喬叟在坎特伯雷故事中的人文主義有一定的領(lǐng)悟。第四部分論述了人文主義對我們的啟示，即以人為本的思想，以及這種思想在現(xiàn)代管理中的重要作用，從而使讀者清楚了解以人為本的思想在中國的積極作用。結(jié)論部分指出坎特伯雷故事及其人文主義思想在文學(xué)上的重要地位以及對人們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活具有的指導(dǎo)意義。喬叟關(guān)于人生的人文主義

10、思想對當(dāng)代企業(yè)管理有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響并有助于引導(dǎo)社會平穩(wěn)發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞：人文主義, 以人為本的思想, 科學(xué)發(fā)展觀, 現(xiàn)代管理ContentsChapter 1 Introduction1Chapter 2 British Renaissance Humanism32.1 Renaissance in England32.2 Humanism32.2.1 The Rise of Humanism32.2.2 The Specific Concept of Humanism42.2.3 The Characteristics of Humanism42.3 Humanism in Renaissance

11、5Chapter 3 Humanism Reflected in “The Canterbury Tales”73.1 Humanism Reflected in the “Prologue”73.2 Humanism Reflected in “The Knights Tale”93.3 Humanism Reflected in “The Nun Priests Tale”10Chapter 4 Humanisms EnlightenmentPeople-oriented Idea124.1 People-oriented Idea.124.1.1 People-oriented Idea

12、 in Our Party124.1.2 The Inevitable Result of Evolutionary Humanism-People-oriented Idea134.2 People-oriented Idea in the Application of Modern Management144.2.1 A Case of People-oriented Idea in the Modern Management154.2.2 The Characteristics of People-oriented Idea in the Modern Management164.2.3

13、 People-oriented Idea in the Application of Modern Management 16Conclusion18Acknowledgements19Bibliography20Chapter 1 Introduction“The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to

14、introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church”(Peggy Knapp, 1990:117).The acknowledgement of Chaucers eminence has sometimes led to a number of misconceptions and oversimplifi

15、cationsin particular a tendency to see him as an isolated figure. His The Canterbury Tales greatly influenced the development of English literature. At that time, humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Man is the measure of all things. Chaucer affirms mans right to pursue earthly happiness.The

16、Canterbury Tales has social significance in several ways. Firstly, it represents the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie. Peoples spirit to pursue earthly happiness is affirmed by Chaucer. Secondly, the ideas of humanism are shown in Chaucers praising of mans energy, intellect, wit and satirizing the e

17、vil of the time. Thirdly, the corruption of the church is vigorously attached. Fourthly, he sympathizes for the poor to some extent. Lastly, Chaucer establishes the language of literature. From the previous studies, we can learn the general idea of Chaucers information and the background information

18、 of The Canterbury Tales as well as the information about humanism. In the following parts, this thesis aims to analyze Chaucers humanism in The Canterbury Tales which reveals Chaucers humanism of life and its enlightenment, which has profound significance in literature and human beings life. This t

19、hesis explains the Western culture development process from the cultural angle of view and understands this thesis from the national policy and the thought stratification. The writer hopes it will entrust with this thesis significance new time.Literature Review: There are many articles and books dis

20、cussing Chaucer and his works, especially The Canterbury Tales. Through careful and intensive reading, the author generalizes these materials as follows:The first schools of scholars are those who search for the impact of the historical and cultural background in The Canterbury Tales. Humanism is a

21、very popular word in the literature field at that time. They discuss the Renaissance humanism as the whole literature background in that time and few of them can understand humanism in political way. In other words, they assume that humanism has no practical effect on society. The author will illust

22、rate the enlightenment in such a way that people never researched in this view. The second category is those who explore the main theme of The Canterbury Tales. Most of the scholars surface at the research of which part or in what way Chaucer presented his sympathy toward the poor. Up to now no one

23、has done significant research on the positive enlightenment of humanism. The author will explain the enlightenment in a positive way in this thesis to offer readers a good future of humanism. However, the author found that we can get more positive enlightenment from The Canterbury Tales. Humanism ma

24、kes people manage staff more rationally. In order to disclose the actual meaning and the enlightenment of humanism, the author will analyze The Canterbury Tales in the following parts to demonstrate the enlightenment to current society.Chapter 2 British Renaissance Humanism Renaissance as a period i

25、n western civilization may be explained in different ways. But generally speaking, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.2.1 Renaissance in England Because of the war of Roses within England and its weak and unimportant portion in world trade, Renaissance came later into Engl

26、and than other European countries. But when it did come, it was to produce some towering figures in the English, and world literary heritageWilliam Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, Sir Thomas More and a number of humanist scholars.“The Reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) was a period of political and relig

27、ious stability on the one hand and economic prosperity on the other. The Church of England was reestablished ending the long time religious strife; commerce and industry forged ahead as a result of the enclosure movement at home and the opening of new sea routes in the world. England began to embark

28、 on the road to colonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.” (Wang Zuoliang, 2005:170)2.2 Humanism2.2.1 The Rise of Humanism As wealth grew in Italy, there grew an increasing interest in other pursuits. Universities, libraries, academies were set u

29、p for scholastic studies. There was time for beautiful things and art.Intellectuals who used to help training priests and spreading doctrines of Christian faith became closely tied up with the rising bourgeoisie. They provided the new moneyed class with a new philosophy and culture in harmony with t

30、heir needs and aspiration.At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of the greatness of man. This is best summarized in the lines of Shakespeare:“What a piece of work is a man; how noble in reason; how infinite in faculty, in form and moving how express and admirable; in action ho

31、w like an angle; in apprehension how like a God!”(Wang Zuoliang, 2005:132)Related to this is the belief in the promotion of wealth, pleasure and a frank admiration for the beauty of human body. This ran exactly counter to the medieval ascetical ideal of poverty and stoicism, and shifted mans interes

32、t from Christianity to humanity, from religion to philosophy, from heaven to earth, from beauty of God, and the House of God to the beauty of the human body in all its joys and pains, senses, and feelings. Theologically, the humanists were religious. But they began to look at the problems of God and

33、 Providence with a view to understanding mans work and mans earthly happiness. The earliest humanists were, however, scholars in Florence who had great interest in the study of classic language, literature and philosophy. “They dug up lost texts from the forgotten corners to revive them” (Wang Zuoli

34、ang, 2005:134). People help to develop the capacities and powers that the Greeks and Romans once possessed in reviving the past.The philosophy of humanism is reflected in the art and literature in Italy and the rest of Europe. Humanism is passed down as the beginning of the history of modern man. Ma

35、n lives and works for the present and future progress of mankind.2 The Specific Concept of Humanism “Humanism is a philosophical and literary movement taking place in the 15th and 16th centuries, in which human values and capabilities are the central focus” (Wang Huiping, 2005:52). The term original

36、ly referred to a point of view particularly associated with the Renaissance, with its emphasis on secular studies, a conscious return to classical ideals and forms, and a rejection of medieval religious authority.In modern usage, humanism often indicates a general emphasis on lasting human values, r

37、espect for scientific knowledge, and cultivation of the classics. 2 The Characteristics of Humanism“The focus on man and his capabilities is the central concern of humanism, in particular the idea that human beings possess the potential of solving problems through a rigorous application of reason an

38、d the scientific method. Humanists reject the religious concepts of determinism, fatalism, or predestination, and instead believe that human beings are the shapers of individual destiny.Ethics, appreciation of beauty (aesthetics), and morality create human values that are best expressed within earth

39、ly relationships and experiences, and the highest goal of life is happiness and success, fulfillment in this world and progress for all humanity irregardless of religion, race, or nationality. This would best be achieved by a global establishment of democracy, the end results being world peace and t

40、he production of a high standard of living for all on the planet.” (Huang Tieju, 2006:202)In summary, humanism is a new philosophy that superseded the dominant mode of the interpretation of reality according to a supernatural medieval church model, and replaced that “ideal” with the concept of man a

41、s the measure of all things. It is the beginning of Modernity and the Age of Reason concept that all human beings have the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, not in some promised unknown future paradise, but in the here and now as shapers and interpreters of self-destiny.2.3 Human

42、ism in RenaissanceHumanism is the term generally applied to the predominant social philosophy and intellectual and literary currents of the period from 1400 to 1650. The return to favor of the pagan classics stimulated the philosophy of secularism, the appreciation of worldly pleasures, and above al

43、l intensified the assertion of personal independence and individual expression. Zeal for the classics was a result as well as a cause of the growing secular view of life. Expansion of trade, growth of prosperity and luxury, and widening social contacts generated interest in worldly pleasures, in spi

44、te of formal allegiance to ascetic Christian doctrine. Men thus affectedthe humanistswelcomed classical writers who revealed similar social values and secular attitudes.Historians are pretty much agreed on the general outlines of those mental attitudes and scholarly interests which are assembled und

45、er the rubric of humanism. The most fundamental point of agreement is that the humanist mentality stood at a point midway between medieval supernaturalism and the modern scientific and critical attitude. Medievalists see humanism as the terminal product of the Middle Ages. Modern historians are perh

46、aps more apt to view humanism as the germinal period of modernism.Perhaps the most we can assume is that the man of the Renaissance lived, as it were, between two worlds. The world of the medieval Christian matrix, in which the significance of every phenomenon was ultimately determined through unifo

47、rm points of view, no longer existed for him. On the other hand, he had not yet found in a system of scientific concepts and social principles stability and security for his life. In other words, “Renaissance man may indeed have found himself suspended between faith and reason” (Piero Boitani, 2003)

48、.Chapter 3 Humanism Reflected in “The Canterbury Tales”“Humanist thought has emerged and spread in the United Kingdom in the late 14th century, Chaucer is the well-known humanist in the United Kingdom” (Robin WWinks, 1995:216). Britain and the emerging bourgeois class is the source of Chaucers human

49、ism “fertile soil”. The Italian humanism guides Chaucer to study, so he finally broke the shackles of the Middle Ages into modern times. He is a British pioneer in the great Renaissance. Chaucer assumes the historical responsibility of connecting in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in the United

50、Kingdom. 3.1 Humanism Reflected in the “Prologue”“The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature”(Wu Weiren, 2005: 43). We see the whole cavalcade, as it rides out on a fine spring morning. The pilgrims are people from variou

51、s parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predictions. The Knights dress and bearing are very plain and modest. This is Chaucers ideal of a national champion. “The Knights son, a gay young squire, thinks more of his dress and o

52、f song-making than of other chivalrous duties. He prefers the court to the battle-field. After them rides the Knights attendant, a yeoman in Lincoln green, with a “mighty bow” in his hand. This forester, who has a hunting horn with him, recalls to the reader the image of Robin Hood. Then a Prioress

53、who weeps when she sees a mouse caught in a trap. She turns her head when she sees a beggar in his “ugly rags”. Her image is as well as those of the fat Monk. The jolly Friar, the Summoner, the Pardoner and the “Doctor of Physic” are all treated in an ironical manner. With a feeling of sympathy Chau

54、cer describes the Clerk, a poor philosopher who spends all his money on books, the Parish Priest, also a “poor person of a town” who reminds us of Wycliffe and John Ball”(Wu Weiren, 2005: 45)Each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.Each of

55、 the narrators reveals his or her own views and character. “In Chaucers greatest work, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer created a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of his time and his country” (Wu Weiren, 2005: 43). In this poem Chaucers realism, trenchant irony and freedom of views reached

56、 such a high level of power that it had no equal in all the English literature up to the 16th century. As representative of a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. These prejudices, however, are very inconsiderable stratum in the tales.“His work is permeated wit

57、h buoyant free-thinking, so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes” (H. S. Bennett, 1970: 21 - 25). He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate. He is always keen

58、to praise mans energy, adroitness, intellect, quick wit and the love for life. In The Canterbury Tales Chaucer describes the “sound of the spring” to bring out the pilgrims relaxed and in happy mood: “When brought in April of its sweet showers, so in March in the wet to dry Gen-yard, so that moisture for each vegetation liquor stem vein, by virtue of their birth out of the power to make flowers; when the wind holding breath sweet life, blowing trees and fields of the tender, young sun ha