1、（ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義及其構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在 ; 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have （has） + 過去分詞二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種情況：1、表示過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在仍有影響。The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy （Justin 在過去失蹤，但Kelly 至今仍舊為他的失蹤感到不高興）2、表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。I haven t seen Justin since last Friday

2、night （ 從上周五晚上到現(xiàn)在一直都沒有見到過 3、表示動作的確切時(shí)間不明確或不重要。The boy has already comehome （男孩已經(jīng)回家，但沒有指出何時(shí)回家）4、表示剛結(jié)束的動作。The police have just finished searching the area （ 警方剛結(jié)束對該地區(qū)的搜查）5、表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times （ 村民們曾多次看到UFO）三、常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語1、 表示過去的事或動作對現(xiàn)在有影響，動作的時(shí)間不明確、不重要或動作剛結(jié)

3、束， 一般可用already（ 用于肯定句或疑問句） 、 yet（ 用于否定句或疑問句） 、 ever、just 、 recently 、 lately never 等。除此之外，before 也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。The boy has already come home 男孩已經(jīng)來家了。I haven't heard anything from him yet/ recently lately.近來，我沒收到他的任何信件。The police have just finished searching the area 警方已經(jīng)結(jié)束對 這個地區(qū)的搜查。I've met the

4、old man somewhere before 我以前在某個地方見過那位 老人。2、 表示動作從過去開始，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，一般可用for since 短語或由since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。在介詞 for 后一般跟表示一段時(shí)間的短語，在 since后一般跟表示某個時(shí)間的短語，或表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句。We haven't seen him for two years since 2002 我兩年沒見到他了/自從 2002 年以來就沒見過他。We haven't seen him since he left Nanjing 自從他離開南京我們就一 直沒見到過他。3、 表示反復(fù)

5、發(fā)生的動作，一般可用數(shù)詞+times 、 recently 和 lately 等。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately 一些村民說他們多次/ 近來看到飛碟。四、用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型：1） It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果主句是過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時(shí)。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。It was the thi

6、rd time that the boy had been late.這是男孩第三次遲到了。2） sb./ sth. + be +形容詞最高級+ that結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果主句是過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時(shí)。例如：This is the best film that I've （ever） seen.這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。You are the most creative man that I have ever met.你是我遇至 U過的人中最有創(chuàng)造性的一位。3） since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。例 如：It has

7、 been/ is a long time since I last came to the city.自從我上次到城里來，已經(jīng)有好長一段時(shí)間了。I started myteaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I have been there ever since.我是在那個學(xué)校開始我的教書生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，從那時(shí)起我一直就在那兒。注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter

8、for a month.（對）I received this letter a month ago.（對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.比較since和for用法舉例since說明動作起始時(shí)間I have lived here since I was born.自從出生以來直住這兒。for說明動作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度I have lived here for more than 20 years.我已經(jīng)住這兒20多年了。般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、，：國過去發(fā)生的動作或單純敘過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在義述過去的事

9、情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。陶 成didhave/ has done吊' 用 時(shí) 可 狀 吾yesterday, last week,ago, n1980, in October, just now等具體的時(shí)間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past/ lastyears等不確定的時(shí)間狀語動 司 恃 征come, go, leave, start, 77711die,finish, become, getmarried,move, join 等非持續(xù)性動詞live, teach, le

10、arn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, be away/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延續(xù)性動詞注思：由 when, where等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑1可旬，較少使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，常用 卜般過去時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義及其構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動作在過去開始發(fā)生，已經(jīng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并 且還將持續(xù)，或剛剛停止。其構(gòu)成：have （has） +been + doingI have been learning English for three years.（學(xué)英語這個動作從三年前開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還將繼續(xù)學(xué)）I ha

11、ve been waiting three hours for you.（ 等待從過去開始，直持續(xù)至U現(xiàn) 在，剛剛結(jié)束）二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩種情況：1表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.（ “我” 回家后一直都沒有睡好，現(xiàn)在也沒有睡好）2表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。Kelly : Sorry I'm late . Have you been waiting long （凱利剛到，對方雖然不再等了，但已一直等到現(xiàn)在）Sally : Yes.

12、 I have been waiting for an hour .現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom . 我們打掃教室來著。其直接結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。表示教室剛剛打掃過。We have cleaned the classroom .我們把教室打掃過了。其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室 很清潔，可以用了。表小教室可能是昨天打掃的。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)意義表小事件或動件剛結(jié)束強(qiáng)調(diào)動作仍在繼續(xù)構(gòu)成have （has）

13、 + 過去分詞have （has） +been + doing提問表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，表示持續(xù)的、不間斷的動作，方式提問時(shí)用 how many times提問時(shí)用how long謂語用表示狀態(tài)或動作的動詞做謂語只能用表示動作的動詞做謂語注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever，樣的詞，,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中則不可以用這樣的詞。Helen has read a book about Stonehenge.（可表示海倫已經(jīng)讀完了 ）Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge.（表示海倫仍在讀）How many

14、times have you visited Egypt this month 1 have visited Egypt twice this month.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在這一組對話當(dāng)中表示被問者過去往返于埃及和居住地，但現(xiàn)已經(jīng) 回來）How long have you been touring Egypt I have been touring Egypt for two months.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在這一組對話中表示被問者過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直呆在埃及，沒 有離開過）I have had this camera for five years . （had 是表示 “擁有” 狀態(tài)的動詞 ）I h

15、ave taken photos of UFOs with this camera. （taken是表示動作的動詞）I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera. （taking是表示動作的動詞）I' ve never visited Paris.我從未參觀過巴黎。I've already been to Paris.我已經(jīng)去過巴黎了。.選擇填空1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained beforeJohn: Yes, Ia research on an unexpla

16、ined fact 6 yearsago in my hometown.A. makeB. madeC. have been makingD.have made2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but heas an actor forseveral years.A. workedB. has workedC. hadworkedD. had been worked3. Nowthat youa famous mountain climber, what are you goingto doA. have beenB. areC.wereD. had be

17、en4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.Miss. Huang: So you are. Youon the documents all day.A. are workingB. have workedC. wereworkingD. have been working5. Tom: Ihere three days ago.Andy: Whatthese daysA. got; did you doB. have got; have you doneC. had got; will you doD. got; have you been doing6.

18、 Annie: I ' m sorry to keep you waiting.Michael: Oh, not at all. Ihere only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC.wasD. will be7. You don ' t need to describe her. I her several times.A. had metB. have metC.metD. meet8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, JimJim: Ihere for ab

19、out half a year, and I miss my familyvery much.A. comeB. cameC. havecomeD. have been9. It is said in the book that ThomasEdison (1847-1934)theworld leading inventor for about sixty years.A. would beB. has beenC.wasD. had been10. Billy:the sport meeting might be put off.Paul: Yes, it all depends on t

20、he weather.A. I ' ve been toldB. I ' ve toldC. I'mtoldD. I told11. Johnson: What bad luck that wethe football match in thelast 3 minutes.Thomas: Especially when weso hard in the past years.A. had lost; trainedB. were losing; hadrainedC. have lost; have trainedD. lost; have been training1

21、2. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It ' s nice hearing from you.Mary: Icoming to visit you but too muchwork preventsme from doing so.A. had thought ofB. thought ofC. have been thinking ofD. have thought of13. Tom: Miss Jonesmusic at Eton School for ten years.Sarah: No wonder I often hear her singing in her g

22、arden.A. teachersB. used to teachC. isteachingD. has been teaching14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. wehere for over half an hour and nobodyourorder yet.John: I suppose you are right.A. have been waiting; has takenB. have been waiting; tookC. have been waited; has takenD. have w

23、aited; took15. The students don ' t want to have their supper until theytheir experiment.A. finishedB. have finishedC. hadfinishedD. will finish16. I play ping-pong quite well, but Itime to play sincethe new year.A. haven ' tB. don ' t haveC. haven ' thadD. don ' t have had17. By

24、 now students in Grade One1,700 English words andphrases.A. should learnB. have learnedC.learnedD. learn18. Imy history this time yesterday. NowIall my work for today.A. reviewed; had doneB. was reviewing; haddoneC. was reviewing; have doneD. reviewed; have done19. Iunexplained things recently and I

25、evensome writing.A. have been researching; have startedB. haveresearched; had startedC. have been researching; have been startingD. have beenresearched; have started 20. Tom: Where have you been Iyou the whole day.Kate: I was in the library reading magazines.A. have been telephoningB. had telephoned

26、C. telephonedD. wastelephoned 21. The bossyet when and where to take her paid holiday.A. has decidedB. didn ' t decideC. hasn ' tdecidedD. hadn ' t decided22. Jane: How are you todayBen: Oh, Ithis 川 in a long time.A. didn ' t feelB. wasn ' t feelingC. don' tfeelD. haven '

27、 t feltC. had23. Shirley a book about China last year but I don ' t know whether she has finished it.A. has writtenB. wrotewrittenD. was writingTracy: I am tired. IA. paintedpainting D. have painted25. I don ' t really work here. I arrives.A. just help outC. am just helping out26. The price,

28、 buttomorrow.24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.the living room all day.B. had paintedC. have beenuntil the new secretaryB. have just help outD. will just help outA. went down downC. has goneI amnot sure whether it will go up againB. will go down27. I wonder whyJenny her by now.D. was going downC.

29、 won' tdown last month.us recently. Weshould have heard fromA. hasn' t writtenB. doesn ' t writewriteD. hadn ' t written28. The high building is reported toA. be tornB. have been tornC.tearD. have torn29. - Who is Jerry Cooper-I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.A. Don t

30、you meet him yetB. Didn ' t you meet him yetC. Haven' t you met him yetD. Hadn' t you met him yet30. Imywashing machine the whole morning. I must get t donebefore noon.A. have repairedB. am repairingC. willrepairD. have been repairing31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. Iwellsince then.A. haven ' t been sleepingB. haven ' t sleepC.didn' t sleepD. don' t sleep32. Expertsfor Yetis in the Himalayas