1、Unit EightPart OneWords and Patterns1. There is now a trend away from a/an _ academic curriculum towards teaching more practical subjects in school.A) exclusivelyB) inclusivelyC) extensivelyD) intensively2. No matter what it might cost her, even if it meant social ruin, she would _ her engagement. A

2、) break downB) break offC) break intoD) break out3. The enormous importance people _ these issues seems to have eventually encouraged the parties to address them in a more practical way. A) focused onB) attached toC) held upD) hanged on4. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _

3、. A) appealedB) appreciatedC) appliedD) approved5. The hopes, goals, fears and desires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor. A) alter B) shiftC) transferD) vary6. Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _.A) bare B) vacant C) blank

4、 D) hollow7. The hastily arranged visit has been _ by growing concern in Russia over the state of economic ties between the two countries. A) originatedB) promptedC) startedD) begun8. The department _ responsibility for what has happened. A) deniesB) refusesC) declinesD) deprives9. None of the serva

5、nts were _ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a massage. A) availableB) approachableC) attainableD) applicable10. The doctor told Penny that too much_ to the sun is bad for the skin. A) exposureB) extensionC) exhibitionD) expansionPart TwoReading Comprehension Passage 1 Do you find getting up in the morn

6、ing so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when y

7、ou feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is a tits peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John! You'll be late

8、 for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can't change your energ

9、y cycle, but can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but

10、you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hours. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a min

11、ute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the might before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.1. If a person find getting up early a probl

12、em, most probably _. A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycle C) he is not sure when his energy is low D) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage? A) Unawareness of energy cycles. B) Famili

13、ar monologues. C) A change in a family member's energy cycle. D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _. A) change his energy cycle B) get up earlier than usual C) overcome his laziness D)

14、 go to bed earlier4. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _. A) help to keep your energy for the day's work B) help you to control your temper early in the day C) enable you to concentrate on your routine work D) keep your energy cycle under control all day5. Which of

15、the following statements is NOT TRUE? A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy. B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of days. C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle. D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage 2 Does

16、a bee know what is going on in its mild wind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive(蜂房) using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do this mathematics and dance its language in any other way?

17、To use Donald Griffin's term, does a bee have "awareness" or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine? There is an experiment for this or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl Von Frisch and more recently confirmed by James Gould at Princeton. Biologists who

18、wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beas

19、ts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular intervals, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive in increments (增長) of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or lat

20、er, while this progress is going on, the biologists shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A) The Beehi

21、ve Nature and Candy Shop B) Testing the Awareness of Bees. C) Navigating Techniques of Birds and Insects. D) Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate.2. The word "awareness" in lines 4 appears in quotation marks in order to _. A) show the author's preference for the term B)

22、indicate that it is being used humorously C) acknowledge Donald Griffin's previous use of the term D) point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage3. According to the author, why was sugar used in the study? A) To keep the bees nourished and healthy during the experiment. B) To t

23、rain the bees to travel to a particular place. C) To reward the bees for performing the experiment correctly. D) To ensure that the bees did not sting the scientists.4. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate which of the following? A) Research using bees is too dange

24、rous to be conducted successfully B) Bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet of their hive. C) Scientists can teach bees to talk to people D) Bees are able to perform in fixed reasoning tasks.5. Which of the following best describes the format of the passage? A) A response to a criticism B) A co

25、mparison of two complete theories C) A question followed by a possible answer D) A position supported by science debatePassage 3 Violin prodigies （神童）I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and bro

26、ught up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world's greatest violinists, the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear", he told me, "They were all Jews ( 猶太人 ) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill treated (in that part of the world).T

27、hey were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found

28、,is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture( 培育 )talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours," says Isaac Stern, "children are ready to test their

29、 limits every day in many fields ,including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War II, that music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well." The Korean and Chinese, as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That's a good

30、thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J.S.Bach, for example, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.1. Jewish parents in Eastern Europ

31、e longed for their children to attend music school became A) it would allow them access to a better life in the West B) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent C) they wanted their children to enter into the professional field D) it would enable the family to get better treatment in t

32、heir own country2. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that _. A) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence B) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development C) encourage people to compete with each Other D) promise talent

33、ed children high positions.3. Japan is described in the passage as country that teaches importance to _. A) all- round development B) the learning of western music C) strict training of children D) variety in academic studies4. Which of the following contributes to the emergence of prodigies accordi

34、ng to the passage? A) A natural gift. B) Extensive knowledge of music. C) Very training D) A prejudice-free society.5. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? A) Jewish Contribution to Music B) Training Musicians in the World C) Music and Society D) The making of

35、ProdigiesPassage 4 For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards" and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the earl

36、y stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological（生理的）"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise. It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produ

37、ce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome. Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby. Who

38、had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their h

39、eads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as three turns to one side. Papousek's light display was placed dir

40、ectly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that is was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them,

41、 it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.1. According to the author, babies learn to do things which_ A) are directly related to pleasure B)

42、 will meet their physical needs C) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity2. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby_ A) would make learned responses when it saw the milk B) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink C) would continue the simple mo

43、vements when it had enough to drink D) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink3. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to _ A) have the lights turned on B) please their parents C) be rewarded with milk D) be praised4. The babies woul

44、d "smile and bubble" at the lights because_- A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives" B) the sight of the lights was interesting C) they need not turn back to watch the lights D) they succeeded in "switching on "the lights5. According to Papousek, the

45、pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of_ A) a basic human desire to understand and control the world B) the satisfaction of certain physiological needs C) their strong desire to solve complex problems D) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsFast ReadingThe ch

46、ubby eleven-year-old had arrived in a famed Carnegie Hall. He was to appear as violin soloist with the New York Symphony Orchestra. On his way from the stage entrance to the artists room, he saw a large fire ax on a wall. “What s that for?” he asked a guard.“To chop the heads off the soloists who do

47、nt play well,” was the reply.“And how many heads have you already cut off?”“Oh, quite a few.” Said the guard, with a friendly wink.Some in the audience that night-especially the music critics-expected the boys head to roll. He was to play a difficult violin concerto by Beethoven. Critics felt that t

48、his great piece should attempted only by a mature artist. For a child, the complicated fingering would be impossible, they added.It was November 25,1927. that night Carnegie Hall was packed. All eyes in the audience watched for Yehudi Menuhin, the eleven-year-old violin soloist, to appear on the sta

49、ge. News of his talent had already excited the public imagination. There was an outburst of applause when he came out in his white silk shirt and black velvet pants.In a business manner, Yehudi took his place near the conductor and handed his violin to the first violinist to be tuned. There was a br

50、eathless silence in the hall. When the kettledrum announced the opening of the concerto, Yehudi stood calmly, so absorbed in the music that some people feared he would not come in on time. But, with only seconds to spare, he adjusted his violin and raised his bow. At the great singing tone that fill

51、ed the hall, there was a gasp, a slight stirring- and then a deep hush.It was only during the most difficult part of the concerto, when the soloist played alone, that the audience once more realized that a child was playing. Listeners marveled at his pure tone, expert fingering and wonderful trills.

52、 A burst of applause almost stopped the concert. But Yehudi played on, bringing everyones attention back to Beethovens great music.At the end of the concerto, people shouted and yelled, many with tears in their eyes. The men in the orchestra rose and joined in the noise.At this point Yehudi looked l

53、ike a young boy he was. Catching sight of Persinger, dragged his teacher onto the stage, pointing at him and clapping his own hands. Still the applause went on.Even the newspaper critics stayed on to applaud Yehudi. He had to appear on stage in his coat, cap in hand, before at last the audience let

54、him go home.Next morning, music critic Olin Downes wrote in the New York Times: “ I had come to the hall convinced that a child could play the violin no more effectively than a trained seal. I left knowing that there is such a thing as a great artist who begins at an early age.”Time, and Yehudi Menu

55、hin, has proved the critic right. (499 words)Decide whether the following statements are true（T）or false（F）. Write your answers in the corresponding brackets. ( )1. The guard was joking when he told Yehudi about the fire ax. ( )2. Some people expected Yehudi Menuhins “head to roll” because they thou

56、ght he was too young to play that piece of music. ( )3. From this article we may infer that Yehudi was trying to shoe off his talent. ( )4. Yehudi asked the conductor to tune his violin. ( )5. The music critic, Olin Downes, thought Yehudi had played more effectively than a trained seal.Part ThreeClo

57、zeThe old idea that anyone with a little money can start a business and operate it successfully is no longer _1_. An equally important factor is business relations with _2_.It is necessary to know what people want and to make it _3_ to them in a pleasant and convenient way. With personal effort you will understand your buyers needs, and know how to _4_ him and make him appreciate the good points of your _5_. Knowing how to _6_to customers is the secret of successful selling. They appreciate it when you show a genuine, friendly interest in helping them to get