1、虛擬語氣 一、概念 Subjunctive Mood中文譯作"虛擬語氣"。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。二、語法結構 1.if結構（非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況） 與.事實相反 If從句 主句 過去 Had done Would* have done 現在 Were/did Would* do 將來 Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadnt been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harv

2、est now. 過去 If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. 現在 If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. 將來 備注： （1）上表中would*可轉換為should、could、might。 （2) 如果為時間錯綜句的話，左右兩欄可互相搭配，排列組合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadnt taken that drug. 與現在事實相反 與過去事實相反 (3) if可轉換為其他

3、形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully. 過去 （=>可轉換為：If there hadnt been your advice, we ） Your notes are almost illegible (難以辨認的). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來 (=> 可轉換為：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.) I s

4、hould have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.過去 (=> 可轉換為：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .) 2、wish結構 與.事實相反 過去 Had done 現在 Were/did 將來 Would 備注：可轉換為其他形式。 例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself. 過去 I wish I were a bird. I wish he handn' done

5、that. I wish I would be rich in the future. 3、should結構 從句中用“should + 動詞原形”構成。而且should可以省去。用于此結構的動詞有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。 例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud. 注意：當insist表示“堅持認為”、suggest表示“表明，顯示”

6、時，不用虛擬語氣。 例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest. 4、would rather 從句 在這種結構中，從句的謂語動詞用過去形式表示虛擬。 例句：I would rather you did this instead of me. 5、主語從句中的虛擬語氣 1）It be + 形容詞 + that （should） 用于該句型的形容詞是：necessary, good, import

7、ant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 一些名詞也可以用于 在該結構中。如：a pity， no wonder 2）It be + 過去分詞 + that （should） 用于該結構中的過去分詞是表示“建議、請求、命令”等詞的過去分詞。如：desired， suggested， requested， ordered， proposed等。 3）It is time（about time， high time）that （過去式動詞形式或should動詞原形） It is high time

8、I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now. 6、表語從句、同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有內涵的名詞后面的表語從句、同 位語從句中，要使用虛擬語氣。其謂語動詞應用：should原形動詞。另外連接從句的that不能省 略。 例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we sh

9、ould put on a play at the English evening? 三、使用范圍及判斷 1、虛擬語氣表示一種不能實現的假設。該語法主要用于if條件狀語從句。也可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句等。 2、if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷 判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件句。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思，看假設的條件是否能夠實現，能夠實現是真實條件句，不能使用虛擬語氣；假設的條件不能實現則是非真實條件句，要用虛擬語氣。 判斷這個假設是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況：與過去事實相反。與現在事實相反。與將來事實可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在準確地判

10、斷了該句與哪一事實相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態。即：在非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是： 1）與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式表示。 2）與現在事實相反，在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。 3）與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。 主句中則用情態動詞would, should, could 等加一個與從句一致的動詞形式。 例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out.四、注意事項