1、材料的類型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性質(zhì)復習Review of selected properties of materials,電導率和電阻率conductivity and resistivity,熱導率thermal conductivity,應力和應變stress and strain,彈性應變elastic strain,塑性應變plastic strain,屈服強度yield strength,最大抗拉強度ultimate tensile strength,最大強

2、度ultimate strength,延展性ductility,伸長率elongation,斷面收縮率reduction of area,頸縮necking,斷裂強度breaking strength,韌性toughness,硬度hardness,疲勞強度fatigue strength,蜂窩honeycomb,熱脆性heat shortness,晶胞中的原子數(shù)atoms per cell,點陣lattice, 陣點lattice point,點陣參數(shù)lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed,六方晶胞hexagonal unit cell,體心立

3、方body-centered cubic,面心立方face-centered cubic,彌勒指數(shù)Miller indices,晶面crystal plane,晶系crystal system,晶向crystal direction,相變機理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowth transition,斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transition,馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成

4、核機理nucleation mechanism,成核勢壘nucleation barrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crystal,金屬組織的）基體quay,基體，基塊，基質(zhì)，結(jié)合劑matrix,子晶，雛晶matted crystal,耔晶，晶種seed crystal,耔晶取向seed orientation,籽晶生長seeded growth,均質(zhì)核化homogeneous nucleation,異質(zhì)核化heterogeneous nucleation,均勻化熱處理homogenization heat treatment,熟料grog,自恰場self-consistent

5、field固溶體Solid solution:有序固溶體ordered solid solution,無序固溶體disordered solid solution,有序合金ordered alloy,無序合金disordered alloy.無序點陣disordered lattice,分散，擴散，彌散dispersal,分散劑dispersant,分散劑，添加劑dispersant additive,分散劑， 彌散劑dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfection,點缺陷point defect,線缺陷 line defect, dislocation,面缺陷in

6、terface defect, surface defect,體缺陷volume defect,位錯排列dislocation arrangement,位錯陣列dislocation array,位錯氣團dislocation atmosphere,位錯軸dislocation axis,位錯胞dislocation cell,位錯爬移dislocation climb,位錯滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by slip,位錯聚結(jié)dislocation coalescence,位錯核心能量dislocation core energy,位錯裂紋

7、dislocation crack,位錯阻尼dislocation damping,位錯密度dislocation density,體積膨脹volume dilation,體積收縮volume shrinkage,回火tempering,退火annealing,退火的，軟化的softened,軟化退火，軟化（處理）softening,淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenching hardening,正火normalizing, normalization,退火織構(gòu)annealing texture,人工時效artificial aging,細長比aspect ratio,形變熱處理aus

8、forming,等溫退火austempering,奧氏體austenite,奧氏體化austenitizing,貝氏體bainite,馬氏體martensite,馬氏體淬火marquench,馬氏體退火martemper,馬氏體時效鋼maraging steel,滲碳體cementite,固溶強化solid solution strengthening,鋼屑混凝土steel chips concrete,水玻璃，硅酸鈉sodium silicate,水玻璃粘結(jié)劑sodium silicate binder,硅酸鈉類防水劑sodium silicate waterproofing agent,擴

9、散diffusion,擴散系數(shù)diffusivity,相變phase transition,燒結(jié)sintering,固相反應solid-phase reaction,相圖與相結(jié)構(gòu)phase diagrams and phase structures ,相phase,組分component,自由度freedom,相平衡phase equilibrium,吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy,吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing,吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy,吉布斯函數(shù)Gibbs function,相平衡phase b

10、alance,相界phase boundary,相界線 phase boundary line,相界交聯(lián) phase boundary crosslinking,相界有限交聯(lián)phase boundary crosslinking,相界反應phase boundary reaction,相變phase change,相組成phase composition,共格相 phase-coherent,金相相組織 phase constentuent,相襯phase contrast,相襯顯微鏡phase contrast microscope,相襯顯微術(shù)phase contrast microscop

11、y,相分布phase distribution,相平衡常數(shù)phase equilibrium constant,相平衡圖phase equilibrium diagram,相變滯后phase transition lag, Al-Si-O-N系統(tǒng)相關(guān)系phase relationships in the Al-Si-O-N system,相分離phase segregation, phase separation,玻璃分相phase separation in glasses,相序phase order, phase sequence,相穩(wěn)定性phase stability,相態(tài)phase s

12、tate,相穩(wěn)定區(qū)phase stabile range,相變溫度phase transition temperature,相變壓力phase transition pressure,同質(zhì)多晶轉(zhuǎn)變polymorphic transformation,相平衡條件phase equilibrium conditions,顯微結(jié)構(gòu)microstructures,不混溶固溶體immiscible solid solution,轉(zhuǎn)熔型固溶體peritectic solid solution,低共熔體eutectoid，crystallization,不混溶性immiscibility,固態(tài)反應solid state reaction,燒結(jié)sintering,相變機理Phase transformation mechanism:成核生長相變nucleationgrowth transition,斯賓那多分解spinodal decomposition,有序無序轉(zhuǎn)變disordered-order transition,馬氏體相變martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation,成核機理nucleation mechanism,成核勢壘nucleation barrier,晶核，結(jié)晶中心nucleus of crysta