1、統計學介紹統計學以概率論為基礎的方法論學科，它在幾乎所有的領域 里面都具有重要的應用，統計學知識理論就像我們日常使用 的電腦一樣必不可少，是現代高級人才必備一種素質，在現 代社會中沒有統計學知識的人就如同一“文盲”統計學在人類活動當中舉足輕重 .統計學在工業、商業、貿 易、物理學、化學、經濟學、數學、生物學、植物學、心理 學、天文學等等方面都扮演重要的角色，因此統計學的應用非常廣泛，幾乎涵蓋每一個領域，下面我們來具體看一下它 能運用在哪些方面.1. 統計學將幫助您成為一位成功的商人.成功的商人必須能夠快速準確做出決策.如果你知道客戶需要什么，那么你 就知道該生產什么，生產多少.統計學將能幫助你

2、制定生產 計劃，同時也能幫助你有效地檢驗產品質量，它能讓你在關于企業地理位置、產品營銷、金融資源等問題上做出正確的 決定.1) Business:Statistics play an important role in business. A successful businessman must be very quick and accurate in decision making. He knows that what his customers wants, he should therefore, know what to produce and sell and in what

3、quantities. Statistics helps businessman to plan production according to the taste of the costumers, the quality of the products can also be checked more efficientlyby using statisticalmethods. So all the activities of the businessman based on statistical information.He can make correctdecision abou

4、t the location of business, marketing ofthe products, financial resources etc2. 如果你想在經濟學方面有所發展，那萬萬是離不開統計 學的.經濟學在很大程度上依賴于統計學，國民收入帳戶對于經濟學家和管理者來說是具有多重目的性的指標，統計學是建立這些帳戶的基礎.在經濟學的研究中統計學方法被 用來收集、分析數據，并作出檢驗假設.統計學的方法可以 用來研究供求關系，進出口，通貨膨脹，人均收入等等問題 的研究都離不開統計學. In Economics:Statistics play an important role in e

5、conomics. Economics largely depends upon statistics. National income accounts are multipurpose indicators for the economists and administrators. Statistical methods are used for preparation of these accounts. In economics research statistical methods are used for collecting and analysis the data and

6、 testing hypothesis. The relationship between supply and demands is studies by statistical methods, the imports and exports, the inflation rate, the per capita income are the problems which require good knowledge of statistics.3. 如果您想在數學領域有所發展，請務必學好統計學.統計 學與數學密不可分，他們的很多東西都是互通的.所以想要 學好數學也得要學好統計學.(3)

7、In Mathematics:Statistical plays a central role in almost all natural and social sciences. The methods of natural sciencesare most reliable but conclusions draw from them are only probable, because they are based on incomplete evidence. Statistical helps in describing these measurements more precise

8、ly. Statistics is branch of applied mathematics. The large number of statistical methods likeprobability averages,dispersions,estimation etc is used in mathematics and different techniques of pure mathematics likeintegration,differentiation and algebra are used in statistics.4. 如果您將來想入銀行業，那么你就離不開統計學

9、.因為銀行在很多的方面必須要用到統計學的方法 In Banking:Statistics play an important role in banking. The banks make use of statistics for a number of purposes. The banks work on the principle that all the people who deposit their money with the banks do not withdraw it at the same time. The bank earns profits out of the

10、se deposits by lending to others on interest. The bankers use statistical approaches based on probability to estimate the numbers of depositors and their claims for a certain day.5. 如果您將來想成為一名管理人才，那么缺乏統計學知識是簡直是不可想象的事情.許多的國家政策的制定都基于統計數據，統計數據是被廣泛用于管理決策(5) In State Management (Administration):Statistic

11、s is essential for a country. Different policies of the government are based on statistics.Statistical data are now widely used in taking all administrative decisions. Suppose if the governmentwants to revise the pay scales of employees in view of an increase in the living cost, statistical methods

12、will be used to determine the rise in the cost of living. Preparation of federal and provincial government budgets mainly depends upon statistics because it helps in estimating the expected expenditures and revenue from different sources. So statistics are the eyes of administration of the state.6.

13、統計學在會計和審計中運用相當廣泛.想學會計與審計的同學統計學知識是必不可少的(6) In Accounting and Auditing:Accounting is impossible without exactness. But for decision making purpose, so much precision is not essential the decision may be taken on the basis of approximation, know as statistics. The correction of the values of current as

14、serts is made on the basis of the purchasing power of money or the current value of it.In auditing sampling techniques are commonly used. An auditor determines the sample size of the book to be audited on the basis of error.7. 統計學在幾乎所有的自然科學和社會科學中都不可或缺.統計方法被廣泛用來分析實驗結果，檢驗顯著性，比如生物、物理、化學等等.(7) In Natura

15、l and Social Sciences:Statistics plays a vital role in almost all the natural and social sciences. Statistical methods are commonly used for analyzing the experiments results, testing their significance in Biology, Physics, Chemistry,Mathematics, Meteorology, Research chambers of commerce, Sociology

16、, Business, Public Administration, Communication and Information Technology etc8. 如果您有志成為天文學方面的人才，你得學好統計學才 行.(8) In Astronomy:Astronomy is one of the oldest branch of statistical study, it deals with the measurement of distance, sizes, masses and densities of heavenly bodies by means of observations

17、. During these measurements errors are unavoidable so most probable measurements are founded by using statistical methods.Example: This distance of moon from the earth is measured. Since old days the astronomers have been statistical methods like method of least squares for finding the movements of

18、stars.大學大多數學科將會涉及統計學 (下面只是其中一些直接以 統計為基礎的學科，還有很多專業或學科也是跟統計學相關 的)：Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have "statist

19、ical" in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to statistical analysis.in the insurance and finance（精算）Actuarial science is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk industries.Biostatisticsis a branch of （生 phenome

20、naand（生物統計學）物） biology that studies biological observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes（醫學統計） medical statistics（商業 分析）Business analytics is a rapidly developing business process that applies statistical methods to data sets （often very large） to develop new insights and understan

21、ding of business performance & opportunitiesChemometrics is the science of chemical system the system via or statistical化學統計學）relating measurements made on a or process to the state of application of mathematical methods.statistical can be a verystudy general dynamic（人 口統計學）Demography is the of

22、all populations . It science that can be applied to any kind of population, that is, one that changes over time or space.a branch methods to theoriesof the and（環境統計學）application（計 量經 濟學）Econometrics is economics that applies statistical empirical study of economic relationships.Environmental statist

23、ics is the of statisticalmethods to environmental science . Weather, climate, air and water quality are included, as are studies of plant and animal populations.* （流行病學） Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations,and serves as the foundation and logic of int

24、erventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine.* （統 計地 質學）Geostatistics is a branch of geography that deals with the analysis of datafrom disciplinessuch as petroleum geology ,hydrogeology ,hydrology ,meteorology ,oceanography , geochemistry , geography .* （運籌學） Operations

25、research （or OperationalResearch） is an interdisciplinarybranch ofapplied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimalor near optimal solutions to complex problems.* （種群生態學）Population ecology is a sub-fieldof ecology

26、that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment .* （心理測驗學）Psychometrics is the theory andtechnique ofeducationaland psychologicalmeasurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes,and personality traits.*（質量控制） Quality control reviews the facto

27、rsinvolved in manufacturing and production; it can make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries.* （數 理心 理學）Quantitative psychology is the science of statistically explaining and changing mental processes and behaviors in humans.（可靠性

28、工程學）Reliability Engineeringis thestudy of the ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time* （統計 金融） Statistical finance , an area of econophysics , is an empirical attempt to shiftfinance from its normative roots to a posit

29、ivist framework using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets.* （統計 力學） Statistical mechanics is theapplication of probability theory, which includes mathematicaltools for dealingwith largepopulations, to the field ofmechanics , w

30、hich isconcerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force.-（統計物理學）Statistical physics is one of thefundamental theories of physics , and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems.* （統計熱力學）Statistical thermodynamics is thestudy of the microscopic behavio

31、rs of thermodynamic systems using probability theoryand provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy , and entropy .美國大學統計專業排名1 Stanford University 斯坦福大學2 University of California Berkeley 利分校加州大學伯克3 Harvard University哈佛大學3 University of Washington華盛頓大學5 Johns Hopkins University約翰霍普金斯大學6 The University of Chicago芝加哥大學9 Carnegie Mellon University卡內基美隆大學10 Duke University 杜克大學12 North Carolina State University大學北卡羅來納州立12 Texas A&M University 德州 A&M大學12 University of Michigan Ann Arbor 安娜堡分校密西根大學-12 Univers