1、Unit2 Grammar and UsageModal verbs情態動詞情態動詞can / could / be able tomay / mightshould /ought tomust / have towill / shallwould / used todare / need情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化，有詞義，但是不完情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化，有詞義，但是不完整，不能單獨做謂語，必須和不帶整，不能單獨做謂語，必須和不帶to的動詞不定式的動詞不定式連用。連用。abilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make sugge

2、stions make offers give advice 能力能力義務義務,責任責任確定確定允許允許 提出提出請求請求 提出提出建議建議提供提供幫忙幫忙提出提出忠告忠告Modal verbs: general introduction1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A.

3、had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D 3. They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to4. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 1.1 表示能力表示能力 P30 Point.1can, could, be able to(1). be able to表示能力表示能力, 強調通過后

4、天的學習和努力獲得的能力，強調通過后天的學習和努力獲得的能力，或者在某個客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。或者在某個客觀的場合和背景下，能做到的事情。有人稱和數的變有人稱和數的變化化, 可用于各種時態可用于各種時態;(2). can表示表示與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能與生俱來的能力或一種客觀可能, 常指現在常指現在, 較常用較常用, 過去式為過去式為 “could”; 如果如果只表示能力時只表示能力時, can=be able to (3). could僅表示過去具備某種能力僅表示過去具備某種能力, 而而was/were able to表示不僅表示不僅具備而且實施了某種能力具備而且實施了某種能

5、力;更側重于更側重于“克服一定困難克服一定困難,經過一定努力經過一定努力做成某事做成某事” = managed to do sth. = succeeded in doing sth. 1.2 can / could 表請求或許可- Can I read your newspaper ?- Could you tell me where the nearest bank is ?- Yes, you can / No, you cant could 比比 can 更加委婉更加委婉1.3 can / could 表推測表推測(1) Can the man be your head teacher

6、 ?(2) Mr. Li cant be forty he looks so young.(3) He couldnt have stayed at home yesterday, because he was on business then.特殊用法You cant praise him too highly.cant too “再再也不為過也不為過”P 30 point 2 shall / willShall I open the window ?Shall we sit there ? 2.1 歸納：歸納：shall 在疑問句中和一，在疑問句中和一，三人稱連用，表示征求對方意見或三人稱

7、連用，表示征求對方意見或請求指示。請求指示。You shall do as I say. Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan. (命令命令)（決心）（決心）2.2 歸納：歸納：shall 和二，三人稱連用，有和二，三人稱連用，有“命令，警告，威脅，決心命令，警告，威脅，決心”的意思。的意思。2.3 歸納：歸納： Will 在疑問句中用于第二人稱，在疑問句中用于第二人稱，表示詢問對方的意愿或向對方提出請求。表示詢問對方的意愿或向對方提出請求。Would比比will更加委婉。更加委婉。Will you post the letter

8、for me, please ?2.4 歸納：歸納： Will 表示某種傾向和習慣性的動作，表示某種傾向和習慣性的動作，will表現在的習慣，表現在的習慣，would表示過去的習慣。表示過去的習慣。Fish will die without water.She would play tennis with her friend when she was young.mustnt : 不可以；絕對禁止不可以；絕對禁止neednt : 沒必要沒必要May I smoke here ? - Yes, _- No, _Must we do it now ? -Yes, _- No, _Need I t

9、ype this letter ?- Yes, _- No, _P30 point3 mustnt / neednt4.可兼做行為動詞的情態動詞：可兼做行為動詞的情態動詞：need 、 dare 情態動詞 (+動詞原形)行為動詞 .needdare 1.1.無人稱和數的變化無人稱和數的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問句中否定句及疑問句中; ;* *在在if/whether之后之后; ;* *或與或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用連用; ; 3. 3.常以常以neednt 和和darent 的形式出現的形式出現; ;4.4.dare有其過去時

10、有其過去時dared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed to be done need doing 判斷正誤判斷正誤: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Unit2 Grammar and UsageModal verbsYou may

11、use my camera. 你可以用我的攝像機。你可以用我的攝像機。May /Might I come in? 我可以進來嗎？我可以進來嗎？ 5.1 歸納：歸納： may / might 表示允許和請求表示允許和請求 ，might比比may在語氣上更委婉在語氣上更委婉 5. may / might She may not be free today. 今天她可能沒有空。今天她可能沒有空。He might come to see you this evening，but I am not sure. 今晚他可能來看你今晚他可能來看你, 但我不確定但我不確定。5.2 歸納歸納 ：表示可能性時，：

12、表示可能性時， might 比比may的可能性要小。的可能性要小。1. May you have a good time.2. May you succeed.may 表示祝愿表示祝愿3. They may well win.4. We may/might as well stay where we are.5. You may/might as well buy a dictionary. may well 意為意為 “很可能很可能” （be likely to）may/might as well 意為意為 “不妨，倒不如不妨，倒不如”特殊用法：特殊用法：You must come to s

13、chool early enough for the morning class. 你必須早晨到校上早讀課。你必須早晨到校上早讀課。You mustnt talk to your father like that. 你不能你不能那樣對你父親講話。那樣對你父親講話。 6.1 歸納：表示必須，必要，歸納：表示必須，必要，mustnt (must not) 表示禁止，不準表示禁止，不準 。 6. must / have to The lady cant be only 30. She must be 50. 那位女士不可能只有那位女士不可能只有30歲。她肯定歲。她肯定50歲了。歲了。The old

14、man must be our history teacher. 那位老人肯定是我們的歷史老師。那位老人肯定是我們的歷史老師。6.2 歸納：表示主語的肯定推測歸納：表示主語的肯定推測, “一定一定”“”“準是準是”，比比may肯定得多肯定得多 。 She must be waiting for us.她一定在等著我們她一定在等著我們。 6. 歸納：后面加動詞的進行式表示對現在歸納：后面加動詞的進行式表示對現在進行事物的推測進行事物的推測 都可以表示必須，但都可以表示必須，但must 著重說話人的主觀看法，而著重說話人的主觀看法，而have to強調客觀需要。強調客觀需要。 另外，另外，have

15、 to 有多種時態形有多種時態形式。如：式。如：1. We must learn at least a foreign language well. 我們必須學好至少一門外語。我們必須學好至少一門外語。2. Mother was ill, so I had to look after her at home. 母親病了，我得在家照顧她。母親病了，我得在家照顧她。 mustnt 禁止禁止dont have to 不必不必特殊用法 Must you make so much noise ?If you must smoke, do it outside, please.must “非要，偏要非要，

16、偏要”，含，含“責備責備,抱怨抱怨”之意之意7. should / ought to You shouldnt be so careless.你不應該這樣粗心大意。你不應該這樣粗心大意。7.1 歸納歸納 ：Should（表示義務責任）應當，應該（表示義務責任）應當，應該I ve bought 20 bottles of beer. That should be enough, I think.7.2 歸納歸納 ： Should（表示可能性、推測、推論）照說（表示可能性、推測、推論）照說應該；想必應該；想必 7.3 歸納：歸納： Should（表示語氣較強的假設）萬一（表示語氣較強的假設）萬一,

17、 竟然竟然 If he should fail to come, ask Jack to work in his place. 萬一他不來，就叫杰克代替他工作。萬一他不來，就叫杰克代替他工作。比較：比較：should/ ought to 都表示義務、責任。都表示義務、責任。 ought to 的語氣要更強一些的語氣要更強一些 Unit2 Grammar and UsageModal verbs情態動詞+be doing 常表示對現在動作的推測。常表示對現在動作的推測。The boys may be playing football on the playground.情態動詞情態動詞+ hav

18、e done常用來表示對過去動作的推測常用來表示對過去動作的推測1. -I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday. -She might have been ill, I guess.2. The streets are all dry. It couldnt have rained during the night.3. The streets are all wet, it must have rained during the night. 表推測時：表推測時：may/might have done（語氣不肯定）過去可能（語氣不肯定）過去可能ca

19、nt/couldnt have done（語氣肯定）過去不可能（語氣肯定）過去不可能must have done（語氣肯定）過去一定（語氣肯定）過去一定 must have done 的反意疑問句vYou must have seen the film, havent you?vYou must have seen the film last week, didnt you?vHis parents must have beaten him, vHis parents must have beaten him yesterday, havent they?didnt they?表責備時：表責備

20、時：may/might have done 過去本可能做而未做過去本可能做而未做can/could have done 過去本能做而未做過去本能做而未做should have done 過去本該做而未做過去本該做而未做ought to have done 過去本應該做而未做過去本應該做而未做neednt have done 過去本不必做卻做了過去本不必做卻做了 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.2. -Did you listen to the speech? -No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.3. The plan is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.4. Your brothers failed in English again. You ought to have given him more help.5. -Mr. Smith didnt come last night, did he? -No. We neednt have waited for him. A wh