1、定語從句定語從句什么是定語？什么是定語？an ugly boy修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞什么是定語從句什么是定語從句The boy who is ugly is my classmate.定語從句也稱為描畫詞性從句，它在定語從句也稱為描畫詞性從句，它在句子中修飾名詞或代詞，起描畫詞句子中修飾名詞或代詞，起描畫詞的作用。的作用。 分析句子分析句子教師喜歡努力學習的學生。教師喜歡努力學習的學生。Teachers like the students who study hard.主句主句定語從句定語從句關系代詞關系代詞他在公園看到的人是我們的英語教師。他在公園看到的人是我們的英語教師。The pe

2、rson whom you saw in the park is our English teacher.飛機是一種能飛的機器。飛機是一種能飛的機器。A plane is a machine which can fly.我們昨天看的電影很精彩。我們昨天看的電影很精彩。The film which we saw yesterday is exciting. 那是我們班發音最好的女孩。那是我們班發音最好的女孩。That is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.whose 指人指人-定語定語We study in the cl

3、assroom whose window faces south.whose-人人/物物-Attributive 領會領會: 指出定語從句，先行詞指出定語從句，先行詞, 關系代詞，關系代詞，This is the book that he gave me.The man who/ that is standing over there wants to see you.Wang Fang is the girl who was absent from yesterdays meeting. I still remember the day which we spent together.Thi

4、s is a book which deals with the First World War.6. Our children like the story that is now being told on the radio 7The girl who/whom I met yesterday is a well-known dancer8. The bicycles whose prices range from 100 to 400 Yuan sell well.總結：銜接定語從句的關系代詞有總結：銜接定語從句的關系代詞有1._,指人指人or 物物_2._,指人指人or 物物_3._

5、,指人指人or 物物_4._ 指人指人or 物物_5._指人指人or 物物_That Which whowhosewhom人和物物人人和物人先行詞和關系詞的關系先行詞和關系詞的關系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the machine = thatthe boy =whowhose parents =the parents of w

6、hom =of whom the parents關系代詞的作用：關系代詞的作用：銜接句子銜接句子替代先行詞因此先行詞不能再次出如今定語從句中替代先行詞因此先行詞不能再次出如今定語從句中在定語從句中充任作用。在定語從句中充任作用。分析關系代詞分析關系代詞 1.充任成分；充任成分；2 . 能否用其它關系代詞替代能否用其它關系代詞替代3.能否可以省略能否可以省略1.This is the book that he gave me.2.The man who is standing over there wants to see you.3.Wang Fang is the girl who was

7、absent from yesterdays meeting. 4.I still remember the day which we spent together.5.This is a book which deals with the First World War. 6.The girl who I met yesterday is a well-known dancer7.The bicycles whose prices range from 100 to 400 Yuan sell well.賓語，賓語，which ，可以，可以主語，that， 不可以主語，that，不可以賓語，

8、賓語，that， 可以可以主語，主語，that ,不可以不可以主語，whom ,不可以=the prices of which =of which the prices whose指人指人指物指物主語主語賓語賓語that whichwhowhom關系代詞的用法關系代詞的用法 關系代詞在從句中可以：關系代詞在從句中可以：何時可以省略？何時可以省略？做賓語時可以省略做賓語時可以省略關系代詞的用法練習關系代詞的用法練習1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to s

9、upper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. He prefers the ch

10、eese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/that is smiling is Tom. (主語主語) These are the trees. They were planted last year.These are the

11、trees that/which were planted last year.Put the two sentences into one, using the relative clauseMary works for a company _.The book is about a girl _.What happened to the pictures _.The police have caught the men _.which/that makes furniturewho runs away from homethat/which were on the wallwho stol

12、e my carshe runs away from home the company makes furnitureThe men stole my car the pictures were on the wallwhose whose 做定語做定語小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級里最好小明，他的父親是工程師，是我們班級里最好的學生。的學生。 Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.His father is an engineer.Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best stude

13、nt in our class. 指人或物指人或物This is the book. Its cover is blue. Whose father=the father of whom=of whom the parentWhose cover =the cover of which =Of which the cover關系代詞關系代詞: : 1. 先行詞是人，關系詞在定語從句中作主語先行詞是人，關系詞在定語從句中作主語 ，2. 先行詞是人，關系詞作賓語時，先行詞是人，關系詞作賓語時，用用who, that用用who/whom/that4. 4. 關系代詞在定語從句中作定語時，表示引關系代

14、詞在定語從句中作定語時，表示引導詞與名詞為所屬關系。導詞與名詞為所屬關系。 WhoseWhose可以指人，也可指物，指物時可與可以指人，也可指物，指物時可與 of whichof which互換運用。互換運用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.3. 先行詞是物，關系詞在定語從句中作主先行詞是物，關系詞在定語從

15、句中作主語或賓語語或賓語關系詞用關系詞用which/thatDo you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. 先行詞前常有描畫詞先行詞前常有描畫詞such , the same時，關系詞用時，關系詞用as，構成構成such-

16、as (像像-之類之類)，the same -as (和和-同樣的句型同樣的句型例如：例如： Li Ming is not such a student as will cheat in the exam.I live in the same city as she lives in.介詞介詞+關系代詞關系代詞She is the girl. I always shake hands with her.改成一句改成一句_The man _/ _/_ I nodded to is Mr. Li.This is the library _/ _ you borrow books from?She

17、is the girl who/whom/that I shake hands withwhowhomthatthat which這時我們可以把介詞提早：這時我們可以把介詞提早：The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li. 介詞提早時只能用介詞提早時只能用whom指人指人which (指物指物)The man who/whom/that I nodded to is Mr. Li.=The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li.This is the library which /that you borrow books from.=This

18、 is the library from which you borrow books .如何確定關系代詞前的介詞如何確定關系代詞前的介詞1.1.根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系根據句子意思，根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系根據句子意思，請領會：請領會：e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?write articles?2. 2. 根據從句中動詞或描畫詞的習慣搭配，如：根據從句中動詞或描畫詞的習慣搭配，如：e.g.

19、Can you explain to me how to use these idioms e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about/of which Iabout/of which Im not sure.m not sure. Be sure of/about sth Be sure of/about sth eg. There was no one to whom I could turn for help. eg. There was no one to whom I could turn for help.(tu

20、rn to sb for help (turn to sb for help 向某人求助向某人求助3. 3. 根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請領會：根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請領會：e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.founded.如何確定關系代詞前的介詞如何確定關系代詞前的介詞4.4.要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數詞數詞/ /代詞代詞 + of + + of + 關系關系代詞的構造，如：代詞的構

21、造，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.thirds of whom have been to Beijing. he was paid for cleaning the windows, most of he was paid for cleaning the windows, most of which hadnwhich hadnt been cleaned for

22、years.t been cleaned for years.考點三：介詞考點三：介詞+關系代詞關系代詞* “of + which/whom可用來限定名詞、代詞、分數詞、數詞等。e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least

23、 a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD介詞前置介詞前置留意：關系代詞留意：關系代詞which ,whom 在定語從句中在定語從句中做賓語時，定語從句中有介詞時，定語從做賓語時，定語從句中有介詞時，定語從句中的介詞可以前置于關系詞的前面，構句中的介詞可以前置于關系詞的前面，構成成:介詞介詞+which/whom 的構造。的構造。1此時，此時，which ,whom 雖然是充任賓語的雖然是充任賓語的成分，但是不能被省略。成分，但是不能被省略。2有些動詞詞組中的介詞不能前置于有些動詞詞組中的介詞不能前置于which ,whom 前面。如：前面。如

24、：look for, look after, take care of, look forward to .Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Practice: 用適宜的介詞填空. This is the table _ _ we often

25、 play pingpong.2. This is the room _ _ we lived last year.3. The person _ _ I talked just now is a teacher.4. The pencil _ _ he was writing just now broke.5. Which is the door _ _ you knocked ?6. This is the camera_ _ I took the picture.on whichin whichwith/to whomwith whichat whichwith which定語從句中的關

26、系副詞：定語從句中的關系副詞：when, where, whywhen, where, whyl關系副詞關系副詞when, where, why的用法以及與關的用法以及與關系代詞的區分。系代詞的區分。l關系副詞在定語從句當中只能充任狀語，當關系副詞在定語從句當中只能充任狀語，當一個句子可以完好地表達一個意思時一個句子可以完好地表達一個意思時,才有能才有能夠用上關系副詞。夠用上關系副詞。lDo you still remember the days when we stayed there together?lThis is the place where we had a good time.

27、l Do you know the reason why he didnt come here?l關系副詞關系副詞when, wherewhen, where和關系代詞和關系代詞that, whichthat, which的區分：的區分：關系代詞在句子中充任的是主語關系代詞在句子中充任的是主語, ,賓語賓語( (或表語或表語) )的成的成分分, ,而關系副詞充任的是狀語而關系副詞充任的是狀語. .l所以我們要關注所以我們要關注: :一是定語從句能否完好一是定語從句能否完好, ,不完好要用不完好要用關系代詞關系代詞, ,二是及物動詞后短少賓語的二是及物動詞后短少賓語的, ,也要用關系代也要用關系

28、代詞詞. .請比較以下句子：請比較以下句子：lThis is the park that we visited last year.This is the park that we visited last year.lThis is the park where we held a birthday This is the park where we held a birthday party.party.對比練習：對比練習：I like the village _ we visited last summer. I like the village _ we met last summer

29、.Which/that; where2. Do you still remember the day_ we spent together? Do you still remember the day_ we first went to Beijing ?Which/that; when3. There must be a good reason _ he is often late. This is the reason _ he gave me.Why; which/that重點句型：重點句型：The reason why. is that他上次遲到的緣由是由于他起床晚了他上次遲到的緣由是

30、由于他起床晚了The reason why he was late last time was that he got up late.他被老板回絕是由于他不會操作電腦他被老板回絕是由于他不會操作電腦The reason why he was turned downed was that he couldnt operate the computer.lExercises : lFill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs.l 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last ti

31、me?l 2. Is this the room _ we lived before?l 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night.l 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time.l 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.l 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.l 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in

32、 Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenwhenthat定語從句考點：定語從句考點：主謂一致主謂一致要點要點6I, who your good friend, will surely lend you a hand when you are in trouble.is B. are C. am D. wasHe is one of the students who have got straight As.He is the only one of the students who has got straight As.含有插入語的定語從句含有插入語的定語從句要點要點9J

33、im is the new comer I believe has great potential.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which定語從句和同位語從句的區別定語從句和同位語從句的區別要點要點10The news (that) he told me is really encouraging. The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging. 定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：My sister, who is twe

34、nty, works in My sister, who is twenty, works in a bank.a bank.The man who came here yesterday has The man who came here yesterday has come e again.限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可短少的定語，限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可短少的定語， 假設去掉，主句的意思就不完好或失去意義。這種從假設去掉，主句的意思就不完好或失去意義。這種從句和主句關系非常親密，句和主句關系非常親密， 寫時不用逗號分開。寫時不用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句和主句關系不很親密，

35、只是對先非限制性定語從句和主句關系不很親密，只是對先行詞作些附加闡明，行詞作些附加闡明， 假設去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。假設去掉，主句的意思依然清楚。這種從句，這種從句， 寫時往往逗號分開。寫時往往逗號分開。Notice:非限制性定語從句的特點非限制性定語從句的特點最大的區別：最大的區別： 非限制性定語從句有逗號非限制性定語從句有逗號 非限制性定語從句不用非限制性定語從句不用that，why 非限制性定語從句與主句關系不親密；拿掉依然非限制性定語從句與主句關系不親密；拿掉依然明晰明晰 任何關系代詞或關系副詞都不能省任何關系代詞或關系副詞都不能省.(即使是充任即使是充任賓語賓語)什么時間只能用非限制性定語從句什么時間只能用非限制性定語從句?sun, earth, moon獨一無二的獨一無二的We lived on the earth, which moves around the sun.father, mother, wife, husbandToms father, who is a doctor , is 50years old.公用名詞；人名；地名公用名詞；人名；地名Hong Kong,The Tian An Men Square指前面整個情況指前面整個情況He pass