1、專題十一 祈使句和反意疑問句的基本結構和用法一、考點回顧1. 祈使句結構 祈使句用以表達命令，要求，請求，勸告等。1）祈使句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，在動詞原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐這兒。 Do be careful. 務必小心。 否定結構：例如： Don't move. 不準動。 Don't be late. 不要遲到。2）第二種祈使句以let開頭。 Let 的反意疑問句： a. Let's 包括說話者。例如： Let's have another try, shall we / sh

2、an't we? = Shall we have another try? 我們再試一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括說話者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你讓我們再試一次，好嗎？ 否定結構：例如： Let's not talk of that matter. 不要談這件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要讓我們談這件事 3）常考句型 祈使句+and/or/otherwi

3、se+將來時 Study hard and youll succeed2. 反意疑問句 1）陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 aren't I。例如： I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一樣高，對嗎？2）陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。例如：I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說句話，行嗎？3）陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑

4、問部分用肯定含義。例如：Some plants never blown （開花）, do they ? 有些植物從不開花，對嗎？4）含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他應該知道該做什么，對嗎？5）陳述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）。例如： We have to ge

5、t there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我們要在明天早上八點到達那兒，是嗎？6）陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。例如： He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那兒拍照，是嗎？7）陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you? 例如： You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

6、 你最好自己去讀，好嗎？8）陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。例如： He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他寧可讀十遍也不愿意背誦，是嗎？9）陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。例如： You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我們一塊去，對嗎？10） 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根據實際情況而定。例如： He

7、 must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是醫生，是嗎？ You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定讀過三年英語，對嗎？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任務的，是嗎？11） 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。例如： What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的顏色，是嗎？12） 陳述部分由neither nor, either

8、 or 連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根據其實際邏輯意義而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程師，我也不是，對嗎？13） 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。例如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就緒，是嗎？14） 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句，疑問部分有三種情況： a. 并列復合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據鄰近從句的謂語而定。例如：Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several ti

9、mes, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾幾次去過北京，按理說他現在應該在中國，是嗎？ b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復合句，疑問部分謂語根據主句的謂語而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他說他想去日本看看，他是那樣說的嗎？ c. 陳述部分主句為第一人稱，謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句。例如： I don't th

10、ink he is bright, is he? 我認為他并不聰明，是嗎？ We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我們相信她能做得更好，她能嗎？15） 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復數they，有時也用單數he。例如： Everyone knows the answer, don't they?（does he?） 人人都知道答案，是這樣吧？ Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 沒人知

11、道這件事，是吧？16） 帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need （dare ） +主語。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我們不必重做一遍，是嗎？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢這樣說，是嗎？ 當dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。例如： She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢獨自回家，是嗎？17） 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。例如： Don't do th

12、at again, will you? 別再這樣做，好嗎？ Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧，好嗎？注意：Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you? 例如： Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去聽音樂，好嗎？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你讓我們在閱覽室等你，好嗎？18） 陳述部分是"there be"結構的，疑問部

13、分用there省略主語代詞。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有問題，對不對？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不會有麻煩吧，是嗎？19） 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isn't it? 這不可能，是嗎？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不會對他同學使壞，是嗎？20） must在表"推測"時，根據

14、其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。例如： He must be there now, isn't he? 他現在肯定在那兒，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨，是嗎？二、經典例題剖析1. （2007 北京卷） When youve finished with that book,dont forget to put it back one the shelf,_?A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you 解析：當你讀完這本書，別忘了把他放回書架上，好嗎？省

15、去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。 答案：C 點評：本題考查祈使句的反意疑問句用法。2. （2007 上海春） If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good, ? Ado youBdont youCis it Disnt it 解析：如果你說話有禮貌，人們就會聽你。如果你大聲喊叫，不好的，對嗎？陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。 答案：C 點評：本題考查反意疑問句的一個簡單規

16、則。3. (2006全國卷)We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,_. A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we 解析：我們忘記帶票了，請讓我們進去好嗎？省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you答案：C 點評：本題考查祈使句的反意疑問句用法4. (2006福建卷) Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _?A. hadnt you B. wouldnt you C. arent I D. didnt sh

17、e解析：我肯定你更樂意讓他乘公交車對嗎？陳述部分主句為第一人稱謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagin,be sure , 引導的賓語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構成反意疑問句答案：B. 點評：5.(2006 廣東卷)Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _ she? A. had B. did C. hadn't D. didn't解析：薩拉幾天前請人修了洗衣機，是嗎？根據關鍵詞had her washing machine repaire

18、d the day before yesterday可知應用一般過去時。答案：A 點評：本題考查反意疑問句一般用法6.（西安二檢）Tom ,you go and pick up Mary from the station, ? - But shes already got home.2007A don'tt you B do you C will you D shall you 解析：-Tom，你去車站接Mary好嗎？-但她已經到家了啊。祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you答案：C 點評：本題考查帶主語祈使句的反意疑問句用法7.（2007遼寧卷）Help others whe

19、never you can_ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. and B. or C. unless D. but解析：無論你什么時候幫助別人，那么你就會使世界變的更加和諧美好。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+將來時答案：A. 點評：固定結構表達8. （2005遼寧卷）Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse. Aor BandCthenDso解析：聽醫生的建議，否則你的咳嗽將變的更壞。祈使句+and/or/otherwise+將來時答案：A

20、 點評：固定結構表達三、方法總結與2008年高考預測（一）方法總結1. 祈使句的判斷根據說話著的語氣，而不是它的結構。更要注意它的固定結構。2.反意疑問句是在陳述句后邊加上一個簡短問句,對陳述句所敘述的內容提出相反的疑問,這種句子就叫作反意疑問句。反意疑問句可以表示真實的疑問,也可以表示提問人的傾向、強調或反問。如果陳述句是肯定句時,后邊的反意疑問句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陳述句是否定句時,后邊的反意疑問句通常要用肯定式。陳述句和后邊的反意疑問句的主語以及謂語動詞的人稱、數、時態通常要保持一致。（二）2008年高考預測1. 祈使句的判斷2. 祈使句固定結構3. 反意疑問句一般用法及特殊用法四

21、、強化訓練單項選擇題1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy,you wash the dishes, ? Mom,cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can

22、 you C. shall you D. will you4. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont5. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they6. There used to be a church in the small town,? A

23、. used thereB. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it7. Its really very dangerous. One more step,the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and 8. Helen must obey her parents. Oh,she must, ? A. must she B. mustnt she C. shouldnt she D. should she 9. John must be in the chemistry lab, ? A.

24、 mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. shouldnt he 10. Try to retell the story in your own words. _ afraid to make mistakes.A. Not to be B. Dont C. No beD. Dont be. C B D B A B D A C D創新試題 殲滅難點訓練1. Its a fine day, Lets go fishing, _?A. wont weB. will weC. dont weD. shall we2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late, _?A. isnt heB. hasnt itC. hasnt heD. isnt it3. Daddys forgot to post the letter again, _?  Im afraid he _. A. has; hasB. isnt; isC. hasnt; hasD. has; hasnt4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and I dont think I can finish.Do