1、Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse1.定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2. 構成：關聯詞 + 簡單句3. 引導賓語從句的關聯詞有三類 ：(1) 從屬連詞 that 。如：He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.他對我們說他感到不舒服。我知道他已經回來了。注： that 在引導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下， that 不能省略。A. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was

2、frightened.(and 連接兩個賓語從句， that 賓語從句放在and 的后面時，that 不能省略。) 大家都會看出所發生的事情并知道Tom 非常害怕。B. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that 引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that 不能省略。 )對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。C. That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe.(that從句位于句首時，that不可省略。)我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。D. We decided

3、, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動詞與that 從句之間有插入語，that 不可省略。 )鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應允他一段試用期。(2) 從屬連詞 if/whether 。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會成功。I don t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。(3) 連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoeve

4、r, whatever, whichever連接副詞where, when, how, why。如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what he s writing to me about我.不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。I ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會告訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如：He was deeply displeased by wha

5、t had occurred that day.他對那天發生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時介詞可以省略。如：I don t care (for) who marries him.我不管誰跟他結婚。Be careful (as to) how you do th

6、at.你要注意做這件事的方式。解釋：1. 如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語，則用it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會屈服。2. 作介詞的賓語：連詞that 引導的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except,but, in 后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that 引導，則需用 it 先行一步，作形式賓語。如：He is a good

7、student except that he is careless.他是一個好學生， 只是有點粗心。You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用which來引導，而要用what來引導。如： Are you sorry for what youve done?你為你所做的一切感到內疚嗎？3. 某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad,certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞 that 可省略。如：I am

8、not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。I m afraid you don t understand what I said恐怕.你沒領會我說的意思。I m surprised that I didn t see all that我好before奇怪.，我以前沒看到過。Motherwas very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。4. 連詞 whether (or not)或 if 引導的賓語從句if 和 whether 引導的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether

9、常和 or not 連用， if 一般不與 or not 連用。如：I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。用 if 引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義，應避免使用if 而用 wheter 。試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if 從句可理解為賓語從句， 意為 “請告訴我你是否想去 ”；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為 “如果你想去的話，請告訴我一聲 ”。5. 賓語從句的否定轉移。在 think, believe, suppose, expect等動詞后的賓語從句，有時謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動詞變為否定形式。如：I don t think you are right. 我認為你錯了。I don t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。 I don t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意