1、文化創意產業的崛起是當今世界的一個趨勢，隨著現代化經濟的快速發展和科學技術的日新月異，文化創意產業顯然已成為促進整個經濟發展的一個新亮點，對經濟發展有著前所未有的影響。文化創意產業想要發展，離不開對文化創意產業的投融資。在我國，投融資問題仍是限制文化創意產業發展的瓶頸。一、文化創意產業的概念1998年英國首次提出文化創意產業這個概念，文化創意產業起源于個體創意、技巧及才能的產業，通過知識產權的生成與利用，來創造財富與就業機會。隨著文化創意產業的興起，許多專家學者都對這一概念重新進行了定義，然而卻始終沒有一個統一的說法。世界大部分國家和地區，將文化創意產業劃分為三種類型，以美國為代表的版權型、以

2、英國為代表的創意型和以中韓為代表的文化型。我國在2006年國家“十一五”時期文化發展綱要中具體闡述了文化創業產業的形態和業態，指出現階段我國發展文化創意產業的主要任務。綜合上述觀點和文化產業發展的實踐，可將文化創意產業定義為在經濟全球化的發展趨勢下，集文化、創新和科技于一體的，具有“一動、二低、三高”（即動態性發展；低消耗、低污染；科技含量高、滲透性高、附加值高）的新型產業集群。二、我國文化創意產業投融資的主要方式文化創意產業以其巨大的商業價值和獨特的文化內涵成為21世紀的朝陽行業。其投融資方式主要有以下幾種。（一）政府的財政投入政府的財政投入在文化創意產業的投融資上發揮的作用不可小覷。近年來

3、，我國設立多項資助計劃和專項基金促進我國文化創意產業的發展。2014年，中央財政一般公共預算安排公共文化服務體系相關資金208.07億元，比2013年增加26.39億元，增長率為14.53%。（二）民間資本融資民間資本融資有著快速、靈活的特點，但也存在著趨利性和盲目性的弊端。隨著文化創意產業的快速發展和國家政策的大力支持，越來越多的民營企業家看中文化創意產業這塊沃土，將民營資本投入到文化創意產業中來，通過獨資、合資、合作、聯營、參股等方式進駐文化市場，以獲取更多的經濟利益。（三）國外資本投融資外資在文化創意產業投融資市場上的地位舉重若輕。外資的進入給文化市場帶來了新鮮血液，充足的資本促使文化創

4、意產業快速穩步發展。據相關數據顯示，在2011年已公布投資者的202起投資事件中，外資投資機構參與其中的108起投資事件，占總投資事件54%。從投資比重來看，投融資事件涉及美元規模為488889.69萬美元，占投融資總規模的76.17%。（四）文化企業上市融資上市融資具有融資金額大，成本低的特點，但存在不確定性的風險。近年來，上市融資逐漸成為文化創意產業的投融資的重要途徑，大大的促進了文化創意產業的發展。各大文化企業紛紛上市，在創業板上大展頭腳，成為資本市場上各類資本追捧的對象。 截至2012年底，我國共有100家文化企業成功上市，這些企業的融資規模高達1057.85億元。（五）金融市場融資金

5、融市場是文化創意產業投融資的重要來源。文化創意產業想要發展，就離不開金融市場的支持。截至2013年7月，約有80多家文化創意企業在銀行間市場進行180多次各類債券融資工具交易，融資規模累計約1820億元。文化產業通過發行信托產品進行約124次融資，融資總金額達到198.56億元。三、我國文化創意產業的投融資面臨的主要問題經過近幾年的快速發展，我國文化創意產業已從投融資渠道單一走向多元，政策法規及相關機制逐步完善，投融資結構主體趨向合理。然而我國文化創意產業投融資方面仍存在以下一些不足。（一）由于經驗不足而導致投融資失衡與英國、美國、韓國等發達國家相比，我國文化創意產業發展尚處于起步階段，文化創

6、意產業領域缺乏投融資經驗，對文化創意產業某些細分領域投入較大，而對于某些改革不夠深入的領域則投入較少，導致某些文化創意產業企業資金供應不足，并呈現出兩極分化的趨勢。（二）金融投資結構不平衡，致使中小企業融資難在我國，文化創意產業處于起步階段，企業普遍規模小，資本金較少，缺少有效的質押物、抵押物，經營能力和償債能力相對較低。投資方更注重對大企業集團和市場前景好的企業投資，而作為文化創意產業主體的中小企業獲得資金則比較困難。（三）文化創意產業投融資中介服務體系不完善現階段，我國在文化創意產業無形資產的管理方面還存在問題，如對無形資產的評估、登記、質押等。除此之外，我國文化創意產業投融資中介服務體系

7、還不健全，缺少專業人員、成熟的評估方法和權威的評估機構等中介組織，出現了文化資源與金融資本、社會資本對接困難的現象。（四）政府對文化創意產業財政投入不足政府的財政投入在一定程度上推動了文化創意產業的發展。盡管我國政府對文化產業的財政投入力度逐年加大，但投入的整體水平仍然偏低。由于政府財政專項基金投入金額有限，我國文化創意產業呈現出“僧多粥少”的局面。據文化部發布的數據顯示，近年來我國文化事業費占國家財政總支出的比重基本低于0.4%的水平，而且不斷下降。據財政部統計，2013年全國文化事業費占財政總支出的0.38%，全國文化事業費相比其他事業費的增長速度明顯落后。（五）文化創意產業投融資風險大，

8、企業缺乏有效的風險防控機制 雖然文化創意產業市場前景廣闊，但是由于該產業“硬資產少、軟資產多”的特殊性，無論是投資方還是融資方都將面臨極大的不確定性。文化創意產業的投融資風險是一個動態復雜系統，主要包括的風險因子有技術風險、信用風險、管理風險、市場風險、財務風險、金融風險。如果不建立有效的風險防控體系，對風險進行正確的預測與規避，無疑會阻礙文化創意產業的健康發展。四、解決我國文化創意產業投融資問題的有效途徑（一）借鑒國外文化產業投融資經驗國外一些資本主義國家文化創意產業起步較早，不僅擁有豐富的發展經驗，還擁有健全的文化創意產業投融資體系。例如融資方式多元化，設立專業化的金融機構和專門的文化創意

9、產業部門等。因此，我國文化創意產業想要發展，就要在借鑒西方國家文化創意產業發展的先進經驗基礎上，結合自身實際，在實踐中逐步探索出具有中國特色社會主義的文化創意產業投融資體系。（二）加強和改進對文化產業的金融服務文化企業的發展離不開資金的支持，金融對文化創意產業的支持就顯得尤為重要了。我國可效仿西方發達國家成立專門為文化創意產業服務的金融機構，為文化創意產業中眾多的中小企業解決資金不足問題。同時，政府應制定有關金融支持文化產業發展的配套政策措施，積極引導金融資源和文化產業的有效對接，切實加強和改進金融機構對文化創意產業的服務，為文化創意產業健康快速發展提供環境保障。（三）建立健全的金融支持文化產

10、業的配套體系建立健全的金融支持文化產業的配套體系，完善文化創意產業投融資中介服務管理體制；建立多層次的貸款風險和補償機制，大力發展文化產業保險市場；建立文化產業金融服務考評體系，進一步加強和完善文化企業信用評級和評分制度；完善知識產權等法律體系，制定有利于文化創意產業無形資產評估、登記、質押、托管、處置變現等的管理辦法；積極培育文化市場，為文化創意產業的產權交易的專業化服務提供保障，降低和規避文化創意產業投融資風險。（四）設立專項資金，扶持重點文化創意產業文化創意產業是在經濟全球化的條件下，集文化、創新和科技于一體的，具有“一動、二低、三高”的新型產業集群。由發達國家的文化創意產業發展歷程可知

11、，各國對文化創意產業扶持的側重點有所不同，像美國側重版權業、日本側重動漫業、韓國側重影視業等。這種重點扶持文化創意產業的某個子行業的方式，能夠最大限度的提高資金的利用率，有的放矢，加快文化創意產業的發展，打造出文化創意產業的品牌效應，快速積累文化創意產業的發展經驗。（五）創新文化創意產業投融資方式經過近幾年的加快發展，我國文化創意產業投融資體系基本建成，在推動文化創意產業發展上起到了一定的積極作用。但從總體上來看，我國文化創意產業投融資仍存在投融資渠道單一，投融資效率不高的問題。因此，創新文化創意產業投融資方式，拓展文化創意產業的投融資渠道，建立多元化、多形式的投融資體系，對解決文化創意產業的

12、投融資問題有著重要意義。（六）加強文化創意產業的風險管理，建立有效的風險防控機制文化創意產業的投資風險和融資風險相互聯系、相互作用，共同誘發投融資風險。由此，必須進行事前的風險預測、事中的風險識別和事后的風險評估，并建立起有效的風險監測體系，從而提出科學的規避、轉嫁、承擔、化解和分散風險的對策。具體可通過國家政策扶持、社會保險救助以及企業自身風險防控機制的完善等措施來實現。The rise of cultural and creative industries is a trend in today's world, along with the rapid development o

13、f modern economy and science and technology, the ever-changing, cultural and creative industries has clearly become promote the economic development of a new bright spot, has an unprecedented influence on economic development. Cultural and creative industries want to develop, can not be separated fr

14、om the investment and financing of cultural and creative industries. In our country, the problem of investment and financing is still the bottleneck of the development of cultural and creative industries.First, the concept of cultural and creative industries1998 Britain first proposed the concept of

15、 cultural and creative industries, cultural and creative industries originated in the individual creativity, skills and talents of the industry, through the generation and use of intellectual property, to create wealth and employment opportunities. With the rise of the cultural and creative industri

16、es, many experts and scholars have defined the concept, but there is still no unified view. Most countries and regions in the world, the cultural and creative industries are divided into three types, the United States as the representative of the copyright, the United Kingdom as the representative o

17、f the creative and the South Korea as the representative of the cultural type. In our country in 2006, "national" in 11th Five-Year "cultural development outline" in the specific elaboration of the culture of the industry's form and format, refers to the stage of development

18、of cultural and creative industries in China's main task. General opinion above and the development of the cultural industry practice, the definition of cultural and creative industries in the development trend of economic globalization, set culture, innovation and technology in one, with "

19、move," two low ", three" (which are the dynamic development; low consumption, low pollution; high science and technology content, osmotic and high added value) model of industrial clusters.Two, China's cultural and creative industries investment and financing the main wayCultural

20、and creative industries, with its huge commercial value and unique cultural connotation, has become a sunrise industry in twenty-first Century. Its investment and financing methods are mainly the following.(a) the government 's financial inputThe government's financial investment in the cult

21、ural and creative industry investment and financing to play the role should not be overlooked. In recent years, China has set up a number of funding programs and special funds to promote the development of cultural and creative industries in china. 2014, the central financial general public budget a

22、rrangements for public cultural service system related funds 208.07 yuan, an increase of 26.39 yuan in 2013, an increase of 14.53%.(two) private capital financingPrivate capital financing has the characteristics of fast and flexible, but it also has the disadvantages of profit and blindness. With th

23、e strong support of the cultural and creative industries and the rapid development of national policy, more and more private entrepreneurs take a fancy to cultural and creative industries in this fertile soil, private capital into cultural and creative industries, through wholly-owned, joint venture

24、, cooperation, joint venture, shares, etc. stationed in cultural market, in order to obtain more economic benefits.(three) foreign capital investment and financingForeign investment and financing in the market position as a cultural and creative industries. Foreign capital into the cultural market h

25、as brought fresh blood, sufficient capital to promote the rapid and steady development of cultural and creative industries. According to the relevant data show that in 2011 has been announced by the investor's 202 investment events, foreign investment institutions to participate in the 108 inves

26、tment events, accounting for 54% of the total investment events. From the proportion of investment point of view, investment and financing events involving the U.S. dollar scale of $488889.69, accounting for 76.17% of the total investment and financing of the scale.(four) cultural enterprises listin

27、g and financingListing and financing has the characteristics of large amount of financing and low cost, but there is a risk of uncertainty. In recent years, listing and financing has gradually become an important way of investment and financing of cultural and creative industries, which greatly prom

28、otes the development of cultural and creative industries. Major cultural companies have listed on the gem in the first leg, becoming the capital market in the pursuit of all kinds of capital objects. As of the end of 2012, China has 100 cultural enterprises successfully listed, these enterprises fin

29、ancing scale up to 1057.85 yuan.(five) financial market financingFinancial market is an important source of investment and financing of cultural and creative industries. Cultural and creative industries want to develop, they can not do without the support of financial As of July 2013, there are abou

30、t more than and 80 cultural and creative enterprises in the inter-bank market for more than 180 kinds of bond financing instruments trading, financing the size of a total of about 1820 yuan. Cultural industry through the issue of trust products for about 124 times the financing, the total amount of

31、financing reached 198.56 yuan.Three, China's cultural and creative industries are the main issues of investment and financingAfter nearly a few years of rapid development, China's cultural and creative industries have been from a single investment and financing channels to multiple, policies and regulations and related mechanisms to gradually improve, the main trend of investment and financing structure is reasonable. However, there are still some deficiencies in